初中英语语法梳理及练习代词

1、初中英语语法梳理和提高代词知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！一、代词的分类英语中常把代词分为人称代词、无主代词、 反身代词、 指示代词、 疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词和相互代词。二、代词的用法1 人称代词：人称代词是指人的代词， 有性、数、格的区别。 表示“我” “你” “他” “我们” “你们” “他们”。请看下表：数格人 称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格wemeweusyouyouyouyouhehimshehertheythemitit(1)人称代词主格在句中作主语。例如：She is my English teacher.(2) 宾格在句中作宾语。例如： They

2、dont want me to go there alone. Dont worry. I can look after her.(3)宾格还可以作宾格。特别是在口语中。例如：-Whos that?-It s me.注意：人称代词we, you, they可以用来表示一般人。例如：You cannot go into the hall with slippers.不准穿拖鞋进入大厅。人称代的主格作表语，一般都在正中的谈话中，表示强调。例如：It was he who took away the necklace.是他拿走了那条项链。人称代词she 可以用指代祖国、大地、月亮、轮船等。例如：Th

3、e shipis leaving.Shes on her firsttripto Boston.轮船要起航了。这时她第一次去波士顿。We love our country, we hope shell be stronger and stronger.我们热爱我们的祖国，我们希望她越来越强大。It作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等。例如：It is about 10 kilometres from here.离这儿大约有10 公里。 It 还可用作形式主语或形式宾语， 来代替由不定式， 动词的 -ing, 形式或主语从句构成的真正的主语或宾语，以避免句子头重脚轻。例如：It is

4、 not easy to learn English well.It is good for you taking a walk after supper.I found it difficult to sleep.英语里当主语是并列的几个人时，人称代词的排列顺序和汉语不同，I在最后，you在最前；但是，当受到批评或时承认错误时正好相反，I在最前，you在最后。例如：You, he and I are all the winners.I, Li lei and you are wrong. We should do more for the project.2物主代词：表示所有关系的代词叫物主

5、代词。物主代词包括名词性物主代词和形容词性物 主代词。词 义我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他/ 她/类 型它们的形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名 词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs（1）形容词性物主代词在句中具有形容词的特征。在句中作定语，后面跟名词。例如：To our surprise, he has passed the exam.(2)名词性的物主代词具有名词的特征，在句中作主语、表语、宾语。例如：May I use your bike? Mine is at school. (作主语 )Whose

6、glasses are these? They are hers. (作表语 )My dictionary is lost. Can I use yours?(作宾语 )(3)名词性物主代词可以与of 连用， 作定语。例如： A friendof ours arewaiting forus.3反身带词：用来表示“某人自己”的代词称为反身代词。如下表所示：词我( 们)自己你( 们)自己他/ 她/它自己/他们自己义myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself单 数复 数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves（ 1）反身代词在句中常用宾语, 主语或宾语的同

7、位语。例如：Her sister is too young to dress herself. (作宾语)He himself is always making such mistakes. (主语同位语)Youd better ask your wife herself. (宾语同位语)(2) 反身代词可与其他词构成固定搭配，例如：make oneselfat home, teach oneself,learnby oneself,help oneselfto,etc4指示代词：表示时间和空间远近关系的代词叫指示代词。见下表这，这个那，那个这些那些thisthatthesethose指示代词

8、可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。例如：Those are my parents. (作主语 )Throw it like that.(作表语 )The toys littleTom likes are those in the basket. (These pictures are drawn by an old blind man. (注意：（ 1）前面刚刚提到过的东西，常用 that, those作表语 )作定语 )表示。例如：I m sorry to hear that.( 2 )下文将要提到的事情，可用these, this表示，起启下的作用。例如：Tellthe children

9、todo likethis:knock the stickintothe earthfirst,then tie the tree to it.5疑问代词： 用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。常用的有： who, what, which,whose,whom， 在句中常作主语、宾语、定语、表语。作主语：What make you so happy?作宾语：Who / Whom is your manager talking with?在口语中，作宾语时who和whom可以通用，但在介词后面只能用whom.例如：About whom they are talking just now?作定语：

10、Which subject do you like best?作表语：Whats your mother.6相互代词：用于表示相互关系的代词。常用的有： each other, one another.相互代词可以作宾语、定语。例如：We should help each other.The villagers have looked after one another these year.相互代词后可以加s,表示所有关系。例如：We put the presents in each others stocking.7连接代词：用 来连接宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句的代词叫连接代词。常用的有

11、：what, which, who, whom whose, that例如：I know what he said at the meeting.The problem is who will mend it.Could you tell me which is the way to the post office?8.不定代词：不定代词没有确定的对象，常用的有：all, each, every, both, either,neither, one, none, little, few, many， much, other, another, some any, no以及由some, no,

12、any, every构成的复合词。不定代词通常可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语，成 代词不能做定语，no 和 every只能做定语。代词而none及含有some, an every的合many, few, a few 修饰可数名词， much, little,a littleneither, each用于指两者，all, any, none, every, another修饰不可数名词。 both,either,用于指三者或三者以上。例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1. This isn t _ pencil case. I left _ at home.A. my, mineB. me, myC

13、. I, myD. my, myself解析：此类题主要用于考查学生对人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的掌握情况。要做好这类题，就必须熟练掌握这三类词的用法。应选A。2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _ new words in it.A. a littleB. littleC. a fewD. few解析：历年来中考始终将little, a little, few, a few作为一个重要考点，要做好这类题，必须明确几点：（ 1）little, a little修饰或代替不可数名词；few, a few修饰或代替可数名词复

14、数。 （ 2） few, little一般表示否定意义；a few, a little表示肯定意义。应选D。3. - Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?-_ OK. I m free today and tomorrow.A. EitherB. NeitherC. BothD. None解析：此类题主要是针对each, every, both, all, either, neither, none等不定代词的考查。Both指两个人或物；all表示三者或三者以上“都”，它们都表示肯定意义，均与of连用，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，作定语修饰

15、复数名词。all也可代替不可数名词或一个整体，这时谓语动词用单数形式，either指两者只任何一个，表肯定，表示三者或三者以上中的任何一个用any, neither是either的否定形式，表示两者都不是。应选A。4. The population of China is much large than _A.thisB.thoseC.itD.that解析：在比较级的句型中，经常用that指代前面提到过的不可数名词，用those指代可数名词的复数。选 D。5 . - When shall we meet again?-Make it _day you like. Its all the sam

16、e to me.A. oneB.anyC.anotherD.all解析： any 表示任何一个。选B。He said _ at the meeting and just sat there silently.A. something B. anythingC. nothingD. everything解析：此句的意思是“他在会上一言不发，只是静静地坐在那里。”根据句意，应选C。- Do you know the lady _ is interviewing our headmaster?- Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV.A. whichB. whoC.

17、whomD. whose解析：先行词指人且在定语从句中作主语，所以应选B。练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！一、用适当的代词填空Help _ to some ice cream, girls.He came up with an idea at last, the idea of _ was very good.Hurry, up, there s _ time left.There is hardly_ in the basket, its empty .Lili and Coco don t know _ address. Lili has never been to Cocos home

18、 andCoco has never been to Lilys home, either.He is _ a kind friend that _of us like him.He have two English novels, but he has read _ of them.I don t like thecolor of this jacket. Could you show me _ one?You may take _ of them, theyre both good.Dont worry. _ goes well here.二、选择最佳答案填空：1. These two b

19、ooks are very interesting. You can choose _ of them.A. bothB. eachC. eitherD. any2. He had _milk but_ bread for breakfast.A. many; fewB. much; littleC. few;muchD. little; many3. Is there _you want to say?A. something elseB.anythingelseC.elseanythingD.elsesomething4. A: _ are you going to visit?B: I am going to visit the Palace Museum.A. WhereB. WhatC. WhyD. When5. One should keep _ promise.A. one s ownB. every C. himselfD. herself三、完成句子1.Theres two apples here, you can