红外遥控汽车设计外文翻译.

1、DQBS-13延陵学院届毕业设计外文阅读与翻译毕业设计题目 外文中文题目 外文英文题目 原文出处百度文库 专业姓名 班级学号职称ifffr馨垮腿吿按藝求宣成外丈埔i忆if 2的准确性*详文的总休廣量.胡谦匸作鼠（英文不少于15M t印WI符号h格式符合描导书履求rwiw SMW）：一耐HI0J1都井仕00伽）；H劭指导教师 中文翻译 红外遥控及芯片介绍 人的眼睛能看到的可见光按波长从长到短排列，依次为红、橙、黄、绿、青、 蓝、紫。其中红光的波长范围为 0.620.76 um紫光的波长范围为0.38 0.46 um比紫光波长还短的光叫紫外线，比红光波长还长的光叫红外线。红外线 遥控就是利用波长为

2、0.761.5 um之间的近红外线来传送控制信号的。 常用的红外遥控系统一般分发射和接收两个部分。发射部分的主要元件为红外发 光二极管。它实际上是一只特殊的发光二极管，由于其内部材料不同于普通发光 二极管，因而在其两端施加一定电压时，它便发出的是红外线而不是可见光。目 前大量使用的红外发光二极管发出的红外线波长为940nm左右，外形与普通5发光二极管相同，只是颜色不同。红外发光二极管一般有黑色、深蓝、透明三种颜 色。判断红外发光二极管好坏的办法与判断普通二极管一样：用万用表电阻挡量 一下红外发光二极管的正、反向电阻即可。红外发光二极管的发光效率要用专门的仪器才能精确测定，而业余条件下只能用拉距

3、法来粗略判定。接收部分的红外接收管是一种光敏二极管。在实际应用中要给红外接收二极管加反向偏压，它才能正常工作，亦即红外接收 二极管在电路中应用时是反向运用，这样才能获得较高的灵敏度。红外接收二极 管一般有圆形和方形两种。由于红外发光二极管的发射功率一般都较小（100mW左右），所以红外接收二极管接收到的信号比较微弱，因此就要增加高增益放大 电路。前些年常用 卩PC1373H CX20106A等红外接收专用放大电路。最近几年不论是 业余制作还是正式产品，大多都采用成品红外接收头。成品红外接收头的封装大 致有两种：一种采用铁皮屏蔽；一种是塑料封装。均有三只引脚，即电源正（VDD ）、电源负（GND

4、）和数据输出（VO或OUT）。红外接收头的引脚排列 因型号不同而不尽相同，可参考厂家的使用说明。成品红外接收头的优点是不需 要复杂的调试和外壳屏蔽，使用起来如同一只三极管，非常方便。但在使用时注 意成品红外接收头的载波频率。红外遥控常用的载波频率为38kHz,这是由发射端所使用的455kHz陶振来决定 的。在发射端要对晶振进行整数分频，分频系数一般取12,所以455kHz十 12 37.9 kHz 38kHz有一些遥控系统采用 36kHz、40kHz、56kHz等，一般由发射端晶振的振荡频率来决定。红外遥控的特点是不影响周边环境、不干扰其它电器设备。由于其无法穿透墙 壁，故不同房间的家用电器可

5、使用通用的遥控器而不会产生相互干扰；电路调试 简单，只要按给定电路连接无误，一般不需任何调试即可投入工作；编解码容 易，可进行多路遥控。由于各生产厂家生产了大量红外遥控专用集成电路，需要 时按图索骥即可。因此，现在红外遥控在家用电器、室内近距离（小于10米）遥控中得到了广泛的应用。多路控制的红外遥控系统 多路控制的红外发射部分一般有许多按键，代表不同的1控制功能。当发射端按下某一按键时，相应地在接收端有不同的输出状态。接收端的输出状态大致可分为脉冲、电平、自锁、互锁、数据五种形式。脉冲”输出是当按发射端按键时，接收端对应输出端输出一个有效脉冲”，宽度一般在100ms左右。电平”输出是指发射端按

6、下键时，接收端对应输出端输出有效电平”，发射端松开键时，接收端 有效电平”消失。此处的 有效脉冲”和 有效电 平”，可能是高、也可能是低，取决于相应输出脚的静态状况，如静态时为低， 则高”为有效；如静态时为高，则 低”为有效。大多数情况下 高”为有效。自 锁”输出是指发射端每按一次某一个键，接收端对应输出端改变一次状态，即原 来为高电平变为低电平，原来为低电平变为高电平。此种输出适合用作电源开 关、静音控制等。有时亦称这种输出形式为反相”。互锁”输出是指多个输出互 相清除，在同一时间内只有一个输出有效。电视机的选台就属此种情况，其它如 调光、调速、音响的输入选择等。数据”输出是指把一些发射键编

7、上号码，利用接收端的几个输出形成一个二进制数，来代表不同的按键输入。一般情况下，接收端除了几位数据输出外，还应有一位数据有效”输出端，以便后级适时地来取数据。这种输出形式一般用于与单片机或微机接口。除以上输出形式外，还有 锁存”和 暂存”两种形式。所谓 锁存”输出是指对发射端每次发的 信号，接收端对应输出予以 储存”直至收到新的信号为止；暂存”输出与上述介绍的电平”输出类似。影响遥控器遥控距离(Remote distanee of RF Remote Contrc)的因素主要有如下 几点：1发射功率：发射功率大则距离远，但耗电大，容易产生干扰；2、接收灵敏度：接收器的接收灵敏度提高，遥控距离增

8、大，但容易受干扰造成 误动或失控；3、天线：采用直线型天线，并且相互平行，遥控距离远，但占据空间大，在使用中把天线拉长、拉直可增加遥控距离；4、高度：天线越高，遥控距离越远，但受客观条件限制；5、 阻挡：目前使用的无线遥控器使用国家规定的UHF频段，其传播特性和光近 似，直线传播，绕射较小，发射器和接收器之间如有墙壁阻挡将大大打折遥控距离，如果是钢筋混泥土的墙壁，由于导体对电波的吸收作用，影响更甚。考虑到本次设计的硬件体积应偏小以便嵌入遥控器中，因此我们选择了20个引脚的单片机芯片AT89C2051。下面即介绍此芯片的功能。1). AT89C2051的内部结构及性能AT89C2051是一带有2

9、K字节闪速可编程可擦除只读存储体(EEPROM)的低电压, 高性能8位CMOS微型计算机。它采用ATMEL的高密非易失存储技术制造并和 工业标准MCS51指令集和引脚结构兼容。通过在单块芯片上组合通用的CPL1和闪速存储2器,ATMEL AT89C2051是一强劲的微型计算机，它对许多嵌入式控制应用提供一 高度灵活和成本低的解决办法。AT89C2051是与8051兼容的CHMOS微控制 器，其Flash存储器容量为2KB。与CHMOS工艺的80C51 一样，具有空闲和掉 电两种节电运行方式。其性能如下：8位CUP； 2KB的Flash存储器；工作电压 范围2.7 6V ； 128KB的数据存储

10、器；全静态工作方式：024MHz ； 15根输入/ 输出线；一个可编程串行口； 2个16位定时/计数器；有片内精密模拟比较器；5 个中断源，2个优先级。可编程串行UART通道；直接LED驱动输出；AT89C2051的内部结构如图1所示。ZiK椁FT林巧El ATSX2O51的内郵结构2). AT89C2051的芯片引脚及功能为适应智能仪表的嵌入要求，AT89C2051在芯片的引脚配置上进行了简化，主要 变化为：(1) 引脚由40根减为20根；(2) 增加了一个模拟比较器。3AT89C2051的引脚图如图b所示RST VPP 匚120 VCCffiXD)P10 匚1 219 P1. 7CTXD)

11、P3 1 匚318 PL 6XTAL2 匚4173 P1, 5XTALI 匚589C2O5116 P1.4(ISTOP3. 2 匚615 Pl. 3nvn)P3.3 匚14 PL 2F14-PX7*ArL-弘弘L”B-动聽飪皿12T*ATH*E-吊羽*葺如至也LB二12-7目U1松XTH-L-L*L-点ft寻竿节+乐H-L*L*L*h注：内部EPROM的计数器在RESET的上升沿复位到000H,并由XTAL1，引 脚正脉冲执行计数； 片擦除需要10ms的PROG脉冲； 编程期间P3.1被拉低来指示RDY/BSY. C.AT89C2051单片机的片内Flash存储器编程步骤如下： 上电次序是在

12、VCC、GND引脚加工作电压，RESET、XTAL1引脚接到GND, 悬浮其它引脚，等待大于10ms以上时间； 在RESET、P3.2引脚加高电平； 在P3.3 P3.4、P3.5 P3.7引脚加模式电平； 经P1.0-P1.7对000H单元加 入数据字节；升高RESET到12V激活编程；使P3.2跳变一次，编程一个字节或加密位； 校验已被编程数据，使 RESET从12V降到逻辑电平“H并设置P3.3 P3.7为正 确的电平，可以在P1 口输出数据； 进行下一地址单元的字节编程，在 XTAL1加一脉冲，使地址计数器加1,在 P1 口加入编程数据。重复步骤一，完成整个2KB的编程。下电次序为：设

13、置XTAL1、RESET为“L”浮空其它I/O引脚，关闭VCC电源。(3) 编程及校验电路如图c、d所示。毗朗刼珈，一4 Ti. XT P33T P34J7T+5T*说明几点：(1)编程期间P3.1被拉低来指示RDY/BSY ；(2)单片擦除需要10ms的PROG；(3)内部EEPROM地址计数器在 RESET的上升沿复位到000H,并由XTAL1 引脚正脉冲执行计数。随着科学技术的迅速发展，人类社会发生了翻天覆地的变化。使我们的生产生活更 加丰富多彩。在这些变化中，遥控技术已经广泛地渗透到电视、航天、军事、体育 等生产、生活各方面。从最广泛的意义上来说，一切装有电动运转设备或电气开关 的场所

14、，如果感觉有某种必要，都可考虑加装遥控设备来改善现有定点开关的操作 即用遥控器的操作来实现原有设备的开、停、变向、变速等功能。目前，人们使用的开关大多是手动操作控制，十分不便。很多人都有这样的想 法：躺在床上不愿去关灯，坐在沙发上不愿意起来切换灯开光等：此课题的创新 性就在于使用遥控的方式来实现灯的关闭，满足人的需求，目前市场还没有出现 这个产品，很有竞争力。另据了解，目前很多产品，遥控器是可以互换的，也就 是说，只需要开发出接收部分，发射部分则可公用，即可获得另一创新性：使用 一个遥控开关控制所有的灯开关，比如可以使用遥控电风扇的开关来控制灯的开关；为此我们设计了红外遥控系统来实现对手动开关

15、量的控制。红外遥控的特点 是不影响周边环境、不干扰其它7电器设备。由于其无法穿透墙壁，故不同房间的家用电器可使用通用的遥控器而 不会产生相互干扰；电路调试简单，只要按给定电路连接无误，一般不需任何调 试即可投入工作；编解码容易，可进行多路遥控。8外文资料In frared Remote And Chips Are In troducedPeoples eyes can see the visible wavelength from long to short according to the arran geme nt, i n order to red, oran ge, yellow, g

16、ree n, gree n, blue, violet. One of the red wavelengths for 0.62 0.76 muon m, Purple is 0.38 wavelength range muon m. Purple is shorter than the wavelength of light called ultraviolet ray, red wavelengths of light is Ion ger tha n that of in frared light. In frared remote con trol is to use wavele n

17、gth for 0.76 1.5 muon m between the near infrared to transfer control signal.Com mon ly used in frared remote con trol system of gen eral poi nts tran smit and receive two parts. The main component part for the launch of infrared light emitting diode. It is actually a special light emitting diode, d

18、ue to its internal material differs from ordinary light emitting diode, resulting in its ends on certain voltage, it is a rather infrared light. Use of in frared light emitti ng diode the in frared wavele ngths, for 940nm appeara nee and ordin ary, just the same light emitt ing diode five differe nt

19、 colors. In frared light emitt ing diode gen erally have black and blue, tran spare nt three colors. Judgeme nt of infrared light emitting diode and judgment method, using a multimeter to ordinary diode electric block measure of in frared light emitti ng diode, reverse resista nee. The infrared ligh

20、t emitting diode luminescence efficiency to use special instrument to measure precise, and use only spare con diti ons to pull away from roughly judgeme nt. Recei ving part of in frared recei ving tube is a photose nsitive diode.In actual application of ir receiving diode to reverse bias, it can wor

21、k normally, i.e., the in frared recei ving circuit applicatio n in diode is used to reverse, higher sen sitivity. In frared recei ving diode usually have two round and recta ngular. Due to the power of infrared light emitting diode (or less commonly 100mW), so ir receiving diode received sig nals is

22、 weak, so will in crease high-ga in on es.the amplifier circuit.In com mon CX20106A, etc PC1373H muon in frared recei ving special amplifier circuit. In rece nt years both amateur or formal products, mostly using in frared recei ving head fini shed. The head of in frared recei ving product packages

23、gen erally has two kin ds: one kind USES sheet shieldi ng, A kind of plastic packag ing. There are three pin, n amely the power is (VDD), power negative (GND) and data output (VO or OUT). I nfrared recei ving head foot arran geme nt for types varied, manu facturers in struct ions. Fini shed the adva

24、 ntages of in frared recei ving head is not in n eed of sophisticated debugg ing and shell scree n, use rise as a tran sistor, very convenient. But whe n used in the in frared receiving attention finished first carrier frequency.9In frared remote com mon carrier freque ncy for 38kHz, this is tran sm

25、itted by using 455kHz TaoZhe n to decide. At the launch of crystals were in teger freque ncy, freque ncy coefficie nts, so common ly 12, so 455kHz 12 hun dredth kHz 38kHz hun dredth 379,000. Some remote control system adopts 36kH z, 56kH z, etc, gen eral 40kHz laun ched by the crystals of oscillati

26、on freque ncy to decide.In frared remote characteristic is n ot in flue nee the surro unding en vir onment and does not interfere with other electric equipment. Due to its cannot penetrate walls, so the room can use com mon household applia nee of remote con trol without mutual in terfere nee, Circu

27、it test ing is simple, as long as give n circuit connection, gen erally does not n eed any commissi oning can work, Decod ing easily, can un dertake multiple remote con trol. Because each manu facturer produces a great deal of in frared remote application-specific integrated circuit, when need press

28、 diagram suo ji. Therefore, the in frared remote now in household applia nces, in door close (less tha n 10 meters) in the remote con trol is widely usedMultiple in frared remote control system of in frared emissi on con trol butt ons, there are many parts gen eral represe ntative of differe nt con

29、trol fun cti on. Whe n pressed a butt on, corresp ondin gly in the receiver with differe nt output.Recei ving the output state can be roughly divided into pulse, level, self-lock ing and in terlock, data five forms. The pulse output is accordi ng to laun ch whe n the butt on, the receiver output ter

30、minals output corresponding effective, a pulse width 100ms in gen eral. Level refers to the output launch press butt on, the receiver output corresp onding output level , effective tran smit to loose n the receiver level disappears.This effective pulse and effective, may be of high level is low, and

31、 may also depe nd on the output corresp onding static state, such as feet for low, static high for effective, As for the static, low high effective. In most cases, high for effective. Since the lock refers to launch the output of each time you press the butt on, a receiver output corresp onding cha

32、nge, n amely orig in ally a state for high level into a low level, originally for low level into high level. The output power switch and mute as control etc. Sometimes also called the output form for i nv ert. The in terlock refers to multiple outputs each output, at the same time only one output. T

33、he TV sets of this case is selected, the other is like the light and sound in put speed, etc.Data refers to launch the output some key, use a few output form a binary nu mber, to represe nt differe nt keystroke.Normally, the receiver except a few data output, but also a valid output data, so the tim

34、ely to collect data. This output form with sin gle-chip microcomputer or are com monly used in terface. In additi on to the above output form outside, still have a latch and temporary10two forms. The so-called latch refers to launch the output signal of each hair, the receiver output corresp onding

35、, new store un til you receive sig nals. Temporary output and the in troduct ion of level output is similar.Remote dista nee (Remote Con trol effect of RF Remote Con trol dista nee) are the major factors as follows:1, la un ched in power tran smissi on power: while dista nee, but great power con sum

36、pti on, easy to gen erate in terfere nee,2 and recei ving the receiver sen sitivity, recei vin g, remote dista nee in creased sen sitivity to improve, but easy to cause disturba nee maloperati on or abuse,3, antenna, using lin ear antenna, and parallel, remote dista nee, but occupies a large space,

37、in use the antenna spin, pull can in crease the remote dista nee,4 and the higher height: antenna, remote farther, but by objective conditions, 5 and stop: curre nt use of wireless remote use of UHF band stipulated by the state, the propagati on characteristics of approximate lin ear tran smissi on,

38、 light, small, tran smitters and receivers diffractio n betwee n such as walls are block ing will greatly disco un ted remote dista nee, if is rei nforced eon crete walls, due to the absorptio n effect eon ductor, radio waves.Considering the design of hardware volume small to be embedded in the remo

39、te control, so we chose 20 foot single-chip chip AT89C2051. Below is the introduction of the fun cti on.1) AT89C2051 in ternal structure and performa neeAT89C2051 is a byte flash 2K with programmable read-only memory can be erased EEPROM (low voltage, high performa nee of eight CMOS microcomputer. I

40、t adopts ATMEL of high-de nsity non-v olatile storage tech no logy manu facturi ng and in dustrial sta ndard MCS - 51 in structio n set and lead. Through the comb in ati on of si ngle chip in gen eral CPL1 and flash memory, is a stro ng ATMEL AT89C2051 microcomputer, its application in many embedded

41、 control provides a highly flexible and low cost solutions.The compatible with 8051 AT89C2051 is CHMOS micro controller, the Flash memory capacity for 2KB. And CHMOS 80C51 process, have two ki nds of leisure and power sav ing operati on mode.The performa nee is as follows:8 CUP, 2KB Flash memory,Wor

42、ki ng voltage range 2.7-6V, 128KB data storage, The static worki ng way: 0-24MH z, 15 root input/output line, A programmable serial, 2 a 16-bit timing/counters.11There is a slice of in side precisi on simulatio n comparator, 5 the in terrupt sources, 2 priority.Programmable serial UART cha nn el, Di

43、rectly LED driver output, The internal structure of AT89C2051 is shown in figure 1.2) AT89C2051 chip pin an d fun ctio nIn order to adapt to the requireme nt of in tellige nt in strume nt, embedded in the chip footAT89C2051 simplified con figuration ,The major cha nges to:(1) the lead foot from 20 t

44、o 40 wires,(2) in creased a simulated comparator.as show n in figure b.AT89C2051 pin function: 1 the Vcc: voltage. 2: to GND.3 P1 mouth: P1 mouth is an 8-bit two-way I/O port. P1.2 P1.7 mouth pin the in ternal resista nee provides. P1.0 and P1.1 requireme nts on the exter nal pull-up resistors. P1.0

45、 and P1.1 also separately as piece in side precisi on simulatio n comparator with in put (AIN0) and reversed-phase in put (AIN1). Output buffer can absorb the P1 mouth 20mA curre nt and can directly LED display driver. Whe n P1 mouth pin into a 1, can make its in put. When the pin P1.2 P1.7 as in pu

46、t and external dow n, they will be for the in ternal resista nee and flow curre nt (IIL). I n flash P1 mouth duri ng the procedure and program code data recei ving calibrati on.4 P3: the P3.0 P3.5 P3, P3.7 is the in ternal resista nce with seven two-way I / 0 lead. P3.6 for fixed in puts piece in si

47、de the comparator output sig nal and it as a gen eral I/O foot and in accessible. P3 mouth buffer can absorb 20mA curre nt. Whe n P3 mouth pin into 1, they are the internal resista nce can push and in put. As in put, and the low exter nal P3 mouth pin pull-up resistors and will use curre nt (IIL) ou

48、tflow. P3 mouth still used to impleme nt the various functions, such as AT89C2051 show n in table 1. P3 mouth still receive some for flash memory program ming and calibrati on of program con trol sig nals.5 RST: reset in put. RST once, all into high level I/O foot will reset to 1. When the os 13l202

49、19318417589C2051166151148139121011nnnnnnnnPl. 7Pl. 6PL 5PL 4Pl. 3PL 2Pl, 1(A INIPl. 0(AINO)RST VPP C(RXD)P3,0 匚(TKD)P3.1 匚XTAL2 CXTAL1 C I5TTOP3.2 C EHP3.3 匚 (TO)P3.4 匚 fTl 匚GND匚Digram b AT89C2051 foot figuredilator is running, continuous gives RST pin two machine cycle of high level can finish rese

50、t. Each machi ne cycle to 12 oscillator or clock cycle.6 XTAL1: as the oscillator amplifier in put and in verse internal clock gen erator in put.7. XTAL2: as the oscillator reversed-phase the amplifiers output. P3 mouth function a；Table 1P3 mouth pinFunctionP3.0RXD(Senal input)P3 1TXDf Serial output

51、 port)P32INTO(Exfernal interruption 0)rtTl(EMenial interruption 1)P3,4TO(The timer 0 external input)P3.5|T1 (The timer t external input)is show n in table 1.3) the software and hardware con strai nts. AT89C2051Due to the foot of the chip AT89C2051, no set limits of external storage in terface, so, f

52、or exter nal memory read/write in structi ons as MOVX etc.Due to 2KB ROM, so, the space to jump instruction should pay attention to the desti nati on address range (tra nsfer 000H - 7FFH), bey ond the range of addresses, w not meet wrong results. The scope of data storage is OOH (7FH - when stack man ipulatio n), also should be no ticed.The in put sig nal is simulated by the orig inal P3.6 foot into the microc on troller, so the origi nal P3.6 footUn able to external use. Simulatio