Unit 1 Great scientists

1、Unit 1 Great scientists 【导语】 霍乱是霍乱弧菌(Vibrio cholera)引起的急性肠道传染病，具有发病急、传播快、波及面广的特点，是当今三种国际检疫传染病中的一种。 Cholera waterborne disease that is a is spread through Cholera polluted water and food.It is an illness caused by the bacterium called Vibrio cholera.It produces an enterotoxin(肠毒素)that causes painless

2、，watery diarrhea(腹泻) that can quickly lead to severe dehydration(脱水)and death if treatment is not given.Most people infected with cholera do not become ill，although the bacterium is present in their wastes for 714 days.When cholera does happen，more than 90% of cases are not severe and are difficult

3、to tell from other types of diarrhea.Less than 10% of ill people develop cholera with signs of moderate or severe dehydration. A person may get cholera by drinking water or eating food polluted with the cholera bacterium.The disease can spread rapidly in areas without proper treatment of drinking wa

4、ter.The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in dirty rivers and coastal waters.Shellfish eaten raw can be a source of cholera.Therefore，the disease is not likely to spread directly from one person to another. Cholera can be simply and successfully treated by immediate replacement of t

5、he fluid and salt lost through diarrhea.Patients can be treated by being given a mixture of sugar and salt to be mixed with water and drunk in large amounts.People who develop severe diarrhea in countries where cholera breaks out should seek medical 页 1 第attention at once. In a word，to avoid cholera

6、，we should develop a good habit.We should eat wellcooked food instead of raw food. 【词海拾贝】 1bacterium n细菌 adj .临海的；沿海的 2coastal n fluid 液体 adj .液体的 3n混合；混杂 4mixture vt .寻找，探寻；追求 5seek 【问题思考】 True(T) or False(F)：the useless in is with much water sugar and salt 1Drinking ) Ftreatment of cholera.() 2In

7、order to avoid cholera，wed better eat cooked shellfish.(T 为单词选择正确的释义. 向挑战 suspect1 A 2challenge B 宣布；通告 责备；谴责 3conclude C D blame 4 认为；怀疑 E结束；推断出 5announce F expose 6 暴露；揭露；使曝光 G 7contribute 小心的；谨慎的 Hcautious 8 捐献；贡献 答案：1.D 2.A 3.E 4.C 5.B 6.F 7.H 8.G .根据所给汉语提示写出单词 1_n特征；特性 页 2 第2_vt.打败；战胜；使受挫 (n.)失

8、败 3_n治愈；痊愈 (vt.)治愈；治疗 4_vt.吸收；吸引；使专心 5_vt.预见；预知 答案：1.characteristic 2.defeat 3.cure 4.absorb 5foresee .根据英语释义写出单词 1_：to be present at an event 2_： to have an idea that something is bad but without having definite proof :Zxxk.Com来源3_： to make a connection between two or more things or people 4_： to m

9、ake something dirty 5_： the part of sth used to open it；to deal with；to operate or control 答案：1.attend 2.suspect 3.link 4.pollute 5.handle .选用短语的适当形式填空 put forward；link.to.；expose.to；suspect.of；apart from；lead to；draw a conclusion；be to blame；be absorbed in；make sense；be strict with 1We had no desir

10、e to _ our plan. 答案：put forward 2We must _ this shameful activity _ the newspaper. 答案：expose to 3The students sat in the classroom and _ reading 页 3 第English. 答案：were absorbed in 4We consider that you _ for the accident. 答案：are to blame 5They _ from the fact at last. 答案：drew a conclusion 6People oft

11、en _ lung cancer _ smoking. 答案：link to 7“Youve often made the same mistakes.I will _ you from now on，”the teacher said to Tom. 答案：be strict with 8_ the cost，the dress doesnt suit me. 答案：Apart from 9What he has said doesnt _I cant understand it. 答案：make sense 10The use of information technology could

12、 _ major progress for developing nations. 答案：lead to .领会句子所用的句型并译成汉语 1John Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso expert， indeed，that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. _ 答案：约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。 2Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. _ 页 4 第答案：人们既不知道它的病源，也

13、不知道它的治疗方法。 3So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak. _ 答案：每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。 4A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she had_it_delivered to her house every day. _ 答案：有一位妇女是从宽街搬来的，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里来。 课文表层理

14、解 .判断正(T)误(F) 1John Snow knew that cholera was not able to be controlled until its cause was found. (T) 2The first theory suggested that people took cholera into their bodies with their meals. (F) 3John Snow was once frightened to face the challenge and solve the problem of cholera. (F) 4The people

15、who had been given free been and not drunk the water from the pump were not attacked by the disease. (T) .根据课文内容回答问题 1Why couldnt the cholera be under control at first? 页 5 第_ _ 答案：Because neither its cause nor its cure was found. 2When the cause was found，what did the people do? _ _ 答案：They removed

16、 the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. 3Whats the extra evidence? _ _ 答案：In another part of London，two other deaths were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. .根据对文章的理解，将下面表格补充完整(每空一词) JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERAIt was a 1._ disease of its day People didnt know its cause or its 2

17、._ About cholera ?Many thousands of people died every time there was an outbreak. ?Cholera spread in a cloud of dangerous gas. Two theories ?Cholera was 3._ into peoples bodies with their meals. ?As the disease spread quickly through poor The course of 4._ of London，John Snow began to gather finding

18、 information. evidence ?He found the outbreak was very 5._ in two 页 6 第After further investigations he ?particular streets. “除了之外”，表示在整体中减去一部分，Dear_Ms_Limonitor of our class作同位语，Im_very_happy_to_have_you_as表示独一无二的头衔，前面省略冠_our_English_teacher.My name is 词，用得非常准确且一语道破李华As ，monitor of our class.Li Hua的

19、身份。 we all know，with the 此句中plays a more and more development of China，English important role in our have difficulty 句中使用固定结构communicating with foreigners，使用同位语从句来介绍作者的would like to share my suggestion 建议，使得读者对文章丰富的句式with you that you should help us 印象深刻，为最终获得满分写下了improve our intonation and rhythm o

20、f English in your 完美的一笔I hope we teaching.，In additioncan get enough opportunities to communicate in English.I do believe with your help we can make more progress in the future. ！Thank_you ，YoursLi_Hua I cant follow them due to the difficult intonation and rhythm.On the other handcant get the true m

21、eanings of discovered it seemed that the water was to 6._. the ，?When people didnt use the 7._ waterwhich showed that cholera ，disease slowed down。引起了阅卷老师的注(in) doing 意，为最终获得高分奠定了基础。I even ，提高状语从句省略结构的运用，较为自然地引出作者文章的品位，8._ to prevent cholera 词语 apart from some familiar words when reading and listeni

22、ng to authentic English. As we all know，was really spread by germs. John Snow suggested that the 9._ of all the ? water supplies be examined.辨析 具有多重意义，既可代替besides，也可代替except或except for 在英语交流中的困难。作者引用课文中作为收尾段落，原句，使得读者既熟悉，又新鲜。quality input from happening besides 范文ensures quality output.to master Engl

23、ish betterThe water companies were 10._ not to expose ?people to polluted water any more. “除了之外(还有)”，即除去的部分也包括在整体之内 点评 渴望了解作者对于老师所给出的In order 教学建议。here I ，4.neighbourhoods 3.absorbed 答案：1.deadly 2.cure7.polluted 6.blame 5severe/serious 10.instructed 9.source 8Measures/Steps 课文深层理解 .根据课文内容匹配段落及其大意Off

24、ering solutions A 1Para 1 What caused cholera Para 2 B2control Provide 3Para 3 two Ctheories Collect informationD 4Para 4 :Zxxk.Com来源Collect results E Para 5 5 Analyze the result Para 6 F6Find supporting evidence 7 Para 7 G 6.G7.A 2.C3.D 4.E5.F 答案：1.B 仔细阅读课文，选择最佳选项. The passage mainly tells us that

25、_1 页 7 第Athe cause of cholera was polluted water BJohn Snow was a well-known doctor in London Cthe source of all drinking water should be examined DJohn Snow did some research and helped to solve “King Cholera” 答案：D 2What was the key to help for John Snows discovery? AThe government. BThe woman who

26、had moved away from Broad Street. CThe water company. DThe map made by himself. 答案：D 3As last，“King Cholera” was controlled by _ Ausing medicines in hospital Bdriving patients out of the country Cdealing with the polluted water Dgetting rid of all kinds of pollution 答案：C 4What conclusion did John Sn

27、ow draw according to the evidence? ACholera multiplied in the water. BPolluted water carried the virus. CA cloud of dangerous gas caused cholera. DCholera could never be controlled even though its cause was found. 答案：B 页 8 第.根据课文内容回答下列问题 1Was John Snow a devoted doctor? How do you know that? (Para.1

28、) _ 2When did thousands of people die? (Para.1) _ 3What did John Snow do when the serious cholera broke out? (Para.1) _ 4What was the difference between the first theory and the second theory? (Para.2) _ 5How do you know that the outbreak was severe? (Para.3) _ 6What gave John Snow a valuable clue a

29、bout the cause of the disease? (Para.4) _ 7Why did John Snow have the handle of the pump removed? (Para.5) _ 8How was cholera spread? (Para.5) _ 9Why did the woman have the water delivered to her house? (Para.6) _ 10What was John Snows suggestion? (Para.7) _ 页 9 第答案：1.Yes，he was.When many people wer

30、e affected and died，John Snow decided to face the challenge and solve the problem. 2Thousands of people died when another outbreak of cholera hit the city. 3John Snow wanted to use his knowledge to help solve this problem/ John Snow decided to face the challenge bravely and defeat the deadly disease

31、/ John Snow made up his mind to bring the disease under control. 4The first theory suggested that cholera multiplied in the air and was absorbed through peoples noses，while the second theory suggested cholera was absorbed into peoples bodies with their meals./ The first theory suggested that cholera

32、 affected people by going into peoples bodies through their noses，while the second theory suggested cholera affected people by going into peoples bodies through their mouths. 5More than 500 people died in ten days. 6John Snow marked on a map where all the dead people had lived，which gave him a valua

33、ble clue about the cause of the disease. 7He had the handle removed so that they could not pump the water and so they would not drink the polluted water. 8Cholera was spread by germs instead of a cloud of gas. 9Because she liked the water from the pump very much. 10His suggestion was that the source

34、 of all water supplied should be examined and people should not be exposed to polluted water any more. 根据课文P7内容选择正确的选项 1What made Copernicus frightened and confused? 页 10 第AThe fact that the earth was the centre of the solar system. BThe conclusion that the sun was the centre of the solar system. CT

35、he fact that the earth runs around the sun. DThe fact that God made the world. 2Why didnt Copernicus publish his theory immediately? ABecause he didnt think it complete. BBecause he was afraid of being attacked by the Christian Church. CBecause his friends forbade him to do so. DBecause no one suppo

36、rted his ideas. 3When did Copernicus publish his theory? AAfter his death. BBefore he told his friends about it. CAs he lay dying in 1543. DCopernicus theory was never published. 4All the following make it strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system EXCEPT that _ Asome planets in the sky

37、 seemed to stop or move backward Bsome planets in the sky appeared brighter at times and less bright at others Csome planets in the sky seemed to go forward in a loop Dthe sun goes around the earth 5Whats the Christian Churchs attitude towards Copernicus theory? AThe Christian Church objected to Cop

38、ernicus theory. BThe Christian Church was in favour of Copernicus theory. 页 11 第CThe Christian Church paid much attention to the theory. DThe Christian Church thought highly of Copernicus theory. 答案：1.B 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.A 1contribute vt.&vi.捐献；贡献；捐助；有利于；导致；投稿 归纳拓展 contribute.to.把贡献给 contribute to促进；有助于

39、；发表意见 contribution n捐献；贡献；捐助 make a contribution to/towards doing sth对做贡献 (1)Fresh air and exercise contribute to good health. 新鲜空气和锻炼有益于健康。 (2)He made an outstanding contribution to science. 他对科学做出了卓越的贡献。 易混辨析 contribute/devote 词语 辨析 可用作及物动词或不及物动词，作及物动词时，不可contribute 接ones life或oneself作宾语 仅用作及物动词，常

40、用于devote oneself/ones life(time/efforts/energy.)to(doing)sth以及be devoted devote to结构，表示“献身于/致力于某一事业或目标” 即学即练 页 12 第写出下列各句中 “contribute.to” 的含义。 Most people contributed something to the new church building. _ Does drinking polluted water contribute to the disease? _ The poet and writer regularly cont

41、ributes to a magazine. _ 单句语法填空。 Have you contributed any money _ the earthquake disaster area? Proper rest and enough sleep contribute _ good health. Edison made great contributions _ our world. 完成句子。 Everyone is active in _ people in the flooded area. 每个人都积极向洪水灾区的人们捐送食品和衣物。 Qian Xuesen _ of China.

42、 钱学森对中国的航天事业做出了巨大贡献。 Medical negligence was said to _ 据说医护人员的玩忽职守导致了她的死亡。 答案：向捐献/捐助 导致；促使 向投稿 to to to contributing food and clothing to contributed a lot to the space industry have contributed to her death 2apart from除之外；此外 页 13 第(教材原句P4)Apart from the construction mentioned above，you have also lea

43、rned the following phrases. 除了上面提到的句子结构，你也学了以下的词组。 易混辨析 apart from/besides/except/except for except 除去的部分不包括在整体之内 “除了之外”，用于引出细节以修正和补充句子的主要意思，指从整体中除去一个细节、except for 一个方面 即学即练 选词填空或完成句子。 _(apart from/except for)busy schoolwork，the children also have to attend art，music and sports classes in their free

44、 time. Your composition is good _(apart from/besides)a couple of spelling mistakes. Nowadays some people choose jobs for other reasons _(except/besides)the pay. He knew nothing about her journey _(except/except that)she was to be away for months. _，he was modest.No wonder he could make 页 14 第great a

45、chievements. 除了工作努力，他还很谦逊。难怪他会取得重大成就。 Its a good article _ 除了有几个小毛病外，这是一篇好文章。 答案：Apart from apart from besides except that Apart from hard work except for a few slight faults 3only if只有，只要/make sense有意义 (教材原句P7)Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sens

46、e. 只有当你把太阳放在那儿(中心位置上)，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。 归纳拓展 (1)only if只有，只要；only引导状语从句或状语从句置于句首，主句要用部分倒装。 if only要是，但愿，其后使用虚拟语气。用一般过去时表示与现在相反的情况；用过去完成时表示与过去相反的情况；用would/could do表示与将来相反的情况。 (2)make sense有意义；讲得通；是明智的 make no sense没意义 make sense of明白，理解 即学即练 完成句子。 页 15 第Only _ he was wrong. 只有在那时，他才知道自己错了。 Only _ sli

47、de out of the room. 只有用这种方法我们才能悄悄溜出房间。 What he said just now _(没有意义) _(做没意义)regretting what happened yesterday. _(从某种意义上说)，what you said is true. 答案：then did he know in this way can we doesnt make sense/makes no sense There is no sense in In a/one sense 4“with宾语宾补”结构 (教材原句P7)He placed a fixed sun at

48、 the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. 他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置，让行星围绕它运转，只有月球仍然绕地球运转。 句式分析 上句的主句是He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system，宾语a fixed sun中的过去分词fixed作定语修饰sun，意为“已被固定的太阳”。主句后面的with the planets going round it an

49、d only the moon still going round the earth是with复合结构，即“with宾语宾语补足语”结构。 With spring coming on，everything comes to life. 春天来了，万物充满着生机。 页 16 第 归纳拓展 介词短语、形容词、副词、pron.withn./with的复合结构为表示原因、时间、条不定式、现在分词、过去分词，在句中作状语( )或定语。件、伴随、方式等 .介词短语n./pron(1) withHe sat there with a smile on his face. 副词./pron.(2) with

50、nweve got more room. ，With Mr Smith away 不定式pron.n(3) with./he could not go home. ，With so much work to do 现在分词pron.(4) withn./The street was quiet with no buses running. .过去分词n./pron(5) withIn came a man with his hands tied back. 形容词.n./pron(6) withshowing his bare chest. ，He wore a shirt，with the neck open 即学即练 完成句子或单句语法填空。 I cant go out _ 我不能丢下这些要洗的碟子就出去。 We live in a house _ 我们住在一所周围有很多花的房子里。He lay there with his eyes _(look)at the sky. _(tie)b