翻译硕士MTI冲刺讲义1语法与改错

1、 . 考频极高的语法/词汇考点： ）1 冠词（a/an/the 逻辑关系词2 ）指示代词或物主代词（these/ those/ this/ that/ their/ its3 介词搭配4 分词（包括伴随状语以及独立主格结构）5 形容词的比较级6 副词7 8 动词的第三人称 9 动词时态 10定语从句 a/an 的进阶用法冠词如果复数名词或者专有名词作为整体受到形容词的修饰，那么前面需要有冠词的修饰，需要注意1 的是，这种形容词一般表示暂时的情况，而非名词本身所固有的属性； 例：) Weak America is not in the best interests of the whole wo

2、rld. (误) 正A weak America is not in the best interests of the whole world. () 正a Great Britain (误) Great Britain () 误正a split Supreme Court () split Supreme Court ( a . of a . 2结构，构成前者对后者的比喻；法国中尉的女人it was opened by a small barrel例：像桶一样的女人。（桶） of a woman. (. . John Robert Fowles) 例：a man of importance

3、 A angel of a girl 天使般的女孩 a mountain of a wave 排山倒海的巨浪 a nightmare of a city 噩梦般的城市 note：如果是特指，只能把第一个不定冠词变成定冠词，即，the . of a . the angel of a girl 那个天使般的女孩 冠词 the 的进阶用法 1，如果动作施加在整体的某一个局部之上，那么英文中会把整体当成宾语，局部处理成状语，而局部虽然仍然与整体属于从属关系，此刻却使用定冠词而非物主代词； 例： He hit my head. (误) He hit me on my head. (误) He hit m

4、e on the head. (正) 例： She gently patted me on the back. (正) He kissed her on the forehead. (正) 2，the +adj. 构成一个集体名词，需要注意的是，这样一来就等同于复数形式，后面最好接第三人称单数； 例： the impoverished 穷人 . . 残疾人the disabled ) 误The palace is now open to public. () 正The palace is now open to the public. ( (1) 真题练习冠词The previous sect

5、ion has shown how quickly a rhyme （第passes from one schoolchild to the next and illustrates the further the-a 一次出现且泛指） difference between school lore and nursery lore. 。.illustrate此处的意思是“表明真实”“显示.存在”，等同于demonstrate注：(2) 冠词真题练习We may say that the cries of pain or chortles of amusement are largely ref

6、lex actions, a instinctive to large extent, whereas language proper does large前面加 是不可数名词注意：extentnot consist of signs . 讲解：那么根据之前的进阶用法largeextent虽然是不可数名词，可是前面加了表示暂时性性质的形容词， 第一点，就必须加上不定冠词。 试比较：是暂1, To a certain extent, we are all responsible for this tragic situation. （certain 时特征词）2, To some extent

7、what she argues is true. （数量不是暂时特征，修饰名词不需加冠词） . . 3, To what extent is this true of all schools? (3) 真题练习冠词 They quickly brought down the age at marriage for both men hundred than a century height after more to and women and brought the birth rate a twentieth trend a young adults established the ste

8、ady decline, producing aby boom. These a years of （词性，多重修饰）婴儿潮去掉冠词aof early marriage and relatively large families that went for more than two decades 逻辑关系词 1，逻辑关系词的词性 2，逻辑关系词的分类 ，逻辑关系词的用法3 逻辑关系词的词性例： she is tardy for school today, however the teacher is not angry. (误)是副词 she is tardy for school tod

9、ay, but the teacher is not angry. (正) 对比： however, but, nonetheless, nevertheless, whilst, whereas, yet, conversely, contrarily, . . contrary to, on the contrary, in contrast; the former , the latter ; on （the）one hand, on the other hand; instead, instead of/ rather than, excluding, except, except f

10、or, other than, apart from 让步： although, though, even if, even though, despite, in spite of, regardless of, irrespective of, albeit, notwithstanding, anyway 并列： and, also, or, as well as, too, equally, similarly/likewise, besides, neithernor, eitheror 递进： furthermore/moreover, in addition, in additi

11、on to, whats more, indeed, even, not onlybut (also) 原因： since, because, as, for, given, considering, in that, because of, on the ground of, in view of, in the light of, by virtue of, on account of, due to, according to 结果： therefore, so, hence, thus, in consequence, thereby 条件： if, providing/provide

12、d, unless, otherwise, in case, on condition that, as long as, suppose, supposing 逻辑关系词的用法 . . nonetheless/ nevertheless adv. = despite this fact 例： The book is too long, nonetheless, informative and entertaining. (误) The book is too long but, nonetheless, informative and entertaining. (正) whereas co

13、nj. used to compare or contrast two facts 注1：whereas用于对比的时候，多出现在句中，并且主语不能相同。 I am old but strong. (正) I am old whereas strong. (误) 注2：whereas用于正式文体中置于句首表示“鉴于”，相当于because of the fact that. 注3：whereas作为比较的时候无法只引导一个单独的句子，必须出现两个句子。 while/whilst conj. 注1： while/ whilst表示对比，所以前后内容同样重要，而but表示转折，所以预期偏向but之后

14、提及的内容； 注2：whilst在英式英语中尤为正式，可以用于专八、雅思等学术类的写作中。 yet 通常是adv. 注1：需要注意的是牛津高阶字典中也给出了yet作为conj.表示“然而”的例句: It is a small car, yet it is surprisingly spacious. (较为口语) 注2：as yet 习语，副词词性，表示“直到某个时候” an as yet unannounced plan 一项直到现在还未公布的计划 . . As yet little was known of the causes of the epidemic. excluding pre

15、p. 不包括 注：excluding并非是exclude的现在分词形式，如果用形容词的话，则是exclusive，表示专有的，排他的。 albeit conj. =although 注：用于正式文体中 notwithstanding prep./ adv. 虽然，尽管 例： Notwithstanding therere some problems, China has done great this year. (误) Notwithstanding some problems, China has done great this year. (正) and conj. 注1：专八改错中出现

16、and，除了可能考察and前后句子的逻辑关系是否为并列，更重要的是考察考生是否察觉出and前后句子的时态人称和数是否一致； 注2：“否定X and Y”表示不能同时进行X和Y这两个行为，而“否定X or Y”是对X和Y都完全否定，试比较：You cannot drink and drive. 你不能一边喝酒一边开车。You cannot drink or drive. 你既不能开车也不能喝酒。 considering prep./ conj. 考虑到，鉴于 例： . . Considering he is only 16, he knows quite a lot about it. 注：此处

17、considering是连词，并非是consider的现在分词形式，许多同学误认为是现在分词引导的伴随状语。 hence adv. 因此 = for this reason therefore= thereby adv. 因此 注1：这三个词没有严格的区别，考生不必钻牛角尖，但需要记住它们都是副词； 注2：hence置于时间之后，表示从现在开始多久时间之后。 例：They will be forgotten two months hence. 两个月后他们就会被遗忘。 thus adv. 1,= in this way 如此，以此方式 2,= hence, therefore 例：The ne

18、w machines will work faster, thus reducing our costs. 注：thus far等同于so far 表示到目前为止。迄今为止 providing/ provided conj. = if = supposing 注1：provided和providing是同义词，且都是连词，考生勿要将其当作provide的过去分词和现在分词 注2：supposing和supposed却有很大区别，supposing是连词表示假设，而supposed却是suppose的过去分词，表示“所谓的” 逻辑关系词 真题练习(1) . . There are importa

19、nt corollaries to the investigative power. One is the power to publicize investigations and its results. Most committee hearings are open to its their 改为public and are reported widely in the mass media. (2) 逻辑关系词真题练习Less noted but equally more significant, the men and women who formed families betwe

20、en 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced the divorce rate after a postwar peak; their also nevertheless 改为earlier married in than extent did that of couples who to marriages remained intact a greater as well as later decades. (3) 真题练习逻辑关系词 while 改为If no one is suggesting that we return to an aboriginal

21、 life style, if we certainly could use their eating habits as a model for a healthier diet. 与事实相反（） 尚未发生（ ） (4) 真题练习逻辑关系词Apart from a powerful capacity to pay attention to their helplessness by using sound, there is nothing pay 改为 draw the new born child can do to ensure his own survival. 错在逻辑关系上 加黄

22、色背景的表示易错之处 . . 形容词 名词 逻辑关系词 真题练习(5) One is the fact that pronunciation is learnt aturally and unconsciously, and orthography is learnt deliberately and consciously. and改为but 指示代词 this（these）或that（those） 区别一 this(these)指靠近自己的，that(those)指靠近对方的 区别二 this作为指代的时候可以具有褒义，而that作为指代的时候可以具有贬义 例： Now tell me a

23、bout this new boyfriend of yours. I dont like that new boyfriend of yours. 区别三 This更多指后文将提到的内容，而that更多指前文刚刚提到过的内容 that在从句中的使用 that可以引导 . . 1，主语从句 2，宾语从句 3，定语从句 4，同位语从句 且用法各不相同 that在主语从句和同位语从句中，that不可省略（相当于名词） 例： I heard the news our team had won. (误) I heard the news that our team had won. (正) He fi

24、nished the essay in such a short time surprised us. (误) That he finished the essay in such a short time surprised us. (正) that在定语从句和宾语从句中可以省略 但是注意定语从句中必须用that的四种情况： 1.当先行词为anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时， 2.当先行词为all，any，much，many词或被the only，the very，the same，the last修饰时， 3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时，

25、4.当先行词是序数词修饰时， 指示代词和物主代词 真题练习(1) At the time the United States split off from Britain, for example, there were . . proposals that independence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a different language from those of Britain. There was those改为that even one proposal that Americans should ado

26、pt Hebrew. 指示代词和物主代词 真题练习(2) We may say that the cries of pain or chortles of amusement are largely reflex actions, instinctive to a large extent, whereas language proper does not consist of signs but of these that have to be learnt and these改为those that are wholly conventional. 指示代词和物主代词 真题练习(3) Th

27、e rise in tuitions may reflect the fact economic uncertainty increases the demand for education. The biggest cost of being in fact后加that the school is foregoing income from a job. 指示代词和物主代词 真题练习(4) These contemporary aborigines live to old ages despite the absence of medical care, they experience no

28、 obesity, no middle-aged spread, little dental decay, no high blood pressure, no heart disease and their blood cholesterol levels are very low ( about half of half 名词后加that the average American adult). 指示代词和物主代词 真题练习(5) . . This is atural, therefore, that our speech-sounds should be those of our imm

29、ediate This It 改为circle; after all, as we have seen, speech operates as a means of holding a community and giving a sense of elonging. (6) 真题练习指示代词和物主代词It is not a voice we recognize at once, whereas our own that handwriting is something which we almost always know. which改为 介词搭配 介词搭配在英文中是一个常考常新的考点，因

30、为英文中的介词的搭配非常之多，变化多端； on/ in / at 但是在考试之中，介词的考点重点只出现在三个介词上，考生务必熟练掌握： 例：) 误You should look at the bright side. () the bright side. (on正You should look 点 面线 上 ）真题练习（1 介词搭配These young adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively large families that went for more than two decades and on 后面

31、加wentcaused a major but temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns. ）真题练习（介词搭配 2Investigations are held to gather information on the . . need for future legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed, to inquire into the qualifications and performance of members and official

32、s of the other branches, and in rare on in改成occasions, to lay the groundwork for impeachment proceedings. ）3介词搭配 真题练习（at 改成Then in the turn of 19th century, when the study of cultural in anthropology suggested that the linguistic barriers were insuperable 分词 ，是由动词变位而成；分词，participle 分词虽说由动词构成，可是却是形容词

33、词性，往往放在名词前作为定语 ）和过去分词（past participle）；分词，又具体被分为现在分词（present participle 现在分词，往往表示动作的主动状态，或者进行时态过去分词，往往表示动作的被动状态，或者完成时态 顺承 你去死 并列 主次 分词的处理 ， 例： . . die: a rising/ risen sun fascinate: a fascinating/ fascinated celebrity 同时分词也可以引导伴随状语和独立主格结构。其他次要的动作处理成分一个主语引发多个动作的时候，将最主要的动作变成谓语动词，伴随状语： 词，进行伴随； 其他的名词加上

34、分词构成独立主格结构；独立主格结构：当主语不同时，将最重要的主语处理成主句， 伴随状语例句：Moved by the protagonist in the movie, the girl decided to learn from him. 练习： 会议结束了，我们回家了。 他躺在草地上听着音乐 独立主格例句： （前后主语不一致时用） Spring coming, the flowers are blooming. 练习： John的手被绑着走了进来。 没有公交车了，我们只能步行回家。 飞机失事了，无人生还。 分词虽说由动词构成，可是却是形容词词性，往往放在名词前作为定语。 关于伴随状语和独立

35、主格的改错练习 . . Not far from the house there is a garden, whose owner seated in it all day playing with his daughter. 是 是 改成独立主格结构 或者前面加 Not far from the house there is a garden, its owner seated in it all day playing with his daughter. Not far from the house there is a garden, whose owner is seated in

36、it all day playing with his daughter. 分词 真题练习（1） For this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely, and I soon developed disagreeing mannerisms which made me unpopular disagreeing改成disagreeable throughout my schooldays. 分词 真题练习（2） The hunter-gatherer tribes that today live as our prehistoric human an

37、cestors consume primarily a vegetable diet supplementing supplementing改成supplemented with animal foods. 分词 真题练习（3） That is to say, they consider the human infant to be genetic programmed genetic改成genetically in such a way that it can acquire language. . . 4）分词 真题练习（but the government had no 改成wish t

38、o become involving, at least not until wartime when wheat prices involving involved threatened to run wild. 形容词和副词 改错注意点： than ，最常出现的考点在比较级上，注意连词1 ，形容词常常与分词的考点同时出现2 ，副词可以修饰形容词3 4，形容词会考察易混词，而该考点在名词和动词上极为鲜见 练习测试形容词和副词1, That being the case, I quite concerned about the safety of the country. 2, A new a

39、nnounced policy has already taken its toll on the economy. 形容词和副词 真题练习（1） To handle with the crop of 1919, the government appointed the first Canadian Wheat Board, with total total改为full/absolute authority to buy, sell, and set prices. 形容词和副词 真题练习（2） . . People on city streets watched the yields and

40、 the price of wheat in almost as much feeling as if they were growers. The marketing of wheat became an increasing favorite topic increasing改为increasingly of conversation. 形容词和副词 真题练习（3） and it often comes as a shock when we firstly hear a recording of ourselves. firstly改 为first It is not a voice we recognize at once,