高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题--附答案

1、阅读理解专项突破iii词义猜测【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】1.theunderlinedword“”probablymeans_.2.theword“”usedinparagraph“”refersto/suggests_.3.thephrase“”inthesentencecanbereplacedby_.4.whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheword“”?5.whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinparagraph“”?6.bysay

2、ing“”,wemean_.7.whatdoyouthinkoftheexpression“”standsfor?8.themeaningofword“”inthepassageisrelatedto_.一通过定义或解释推测语义有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义（1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be,mean,dealwith,beconsideredtobe,referto,becalled,beknownas,define（下定义）,represent,signify（表示，表明）,constitute（指。）等。

3、（2）解释则常用asyouknow,tobecalled,tomean,toreferto,thatis（tosay）,inotherwords,namely等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。（3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。（4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg.1.thepowerfulpoisonwasimperceptiblewhenmixedinliquid,thatis,itcouldnotbetasted,seen,orsmelled.(无法察觉的，感觉不到的)2.th

4、egreekmarriagewasmonogamous-menandwomenwereallowedonlyonespouse（配偶）atatime.（一夫一妻制）exercises:1.pantomimereferstoashortplayinwhichnowordsarespoken._默剧，哑剧_2.anthropologyisthescientificstudyofman._人类学_3.wewillmeetyouinthefoyer,theentrancehallofthetheatre._门厅_（.4.hebegantoshavehiswhiskers,whichhadgrownth

5、ickonbothcheeks脸颊）_胡须_5.somecomputerscientistsaredevelopingartificial-intelligencemachinesthattheysaywillthinklikepeople._人工智能_test1thereisnocure（治愈）foralzheimers.butadrugcalledaricepthasbeenusedbymillionsofpeopletohelptheirsymptoms（症状）.61.whatisaricept？（c）a.amedicinetocurealzheimersb.amedicinetodel

6、aysignsofaging.c.amedicinetoreducethesymptomsofalzheimers.d.amedicinetocurebraindamage.test2hereisthepines,whosecookhasdevelopedaspecialwayofmixingforeignfoodsuchascaribou,wildboarandreindeerwithsurprisingsauces.（1）accordingtothepassage,thepinesisa_.（d）a.placeinwhichyoucanseemanymobilehomesb.mountai

7、nwhereyoucangetagoodviewofthevalleyc.townwhichhappenstobenearthebanffnationalparkd.restaurantwhereyoucanaskforsomespecialkindsoffood二利用例证猜测语义某些阅读文章为了证实或说明某一观点，常会举一些例子，而且时时会用一些标志性语言或标点符号来引出，如：括号、破折号、冒号等或诸如forexample,forinstance,suchas,andsoon,justas,like,similarity等连接词或词组。eg.1.youmayborrowfromthelibr

8、aryanyperiodicals:nature,newsweek,timesandthelistener._期刊_2.someartistsplantheirpaintingsaroundgeometricformslikesquares,circlesandtriangles.（几何）exercises:1.finallytheenemysurrendered.theythrewdowntheirweapons（武器）andwalkedoutofthehomewiththeirhandsovertheirheads._投降_2.applyanantiseptic,suchasalcohol

9、（酒精）,ontheskin._杀菌剂_3.inthecornertheremaybeachristmastreewithitsbranchesdecoratedwithshiningornamentssuchascoloredlightsandglassballs,andsometimeshungwithgifts._装饰物_testthelargestplayershanghaibashitourismcarrentaloffersawidevarietyofchoices-deluxesedans，minivans，stationwagons，coaches，santanasedansa

10、rethebigfavorite.56thewords“deluxesedans”，“minivans”and“stationwagons”usedinthetextrefersto_.（c）a.carsinthemakingb.carrentalfirmsc.carsforrentd.carmakers三利用反义关系或同义关系推测语义（1）利用反义关系推测语义,有些生词的后面往往会出现一个或几个反义词，或者表转折意义的连词，词组等，抓住这些可以帮助我们推断生词语义。标志词有although,but,however,whereas（反之）,nevertheless（然而，不过），ontheco

11、ntrary,incontrast（相对）ontheonehand,ontheotherhand,foronething,foranother,instead（of）,ratherthan等。（2）利用同义关系推测语义通常情况下，英语忌讳实词重复。避免重复的方法之一是利用同义词或近义词代替。同义词替换的修饰方法可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。标志词有：or,like,similarly等。eg.1.104studies,involving15,000peopleisprovingthatoptimism（乐观主义）canhelpyoutobehappier,healthierandmor

12、esuccessful.pessimismleads,bycontrast（相反）,tohopelessness,sicknessandfailure,andislinkedtodepression,lonelinessandpainfulshyness._悲观主义_2.mr.smithlovestotalk,andhiswifeissimilarly（相同地）loquacious._多话的，唠叨的exercises:1.thoughtomsfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckremainsgrubby._肮脏的_2.unliketheunitedstates

13、,wheremanydifferentnationalitiesmakeupthepopulation,japanspopulationisquitehomogeneous._同种的，相似的_3.writtenlanguagetendstobestatic,whilespokenlanguageconstantlychanges.静态的，稳定的4.hereplied（答复）quickly.butafterheconsideredtheproblemmorecarefully,heregretted（后悔）havingmadesuchahastydecision._匆忙的，轻率的_5.altho

14、ughpeopleinmanycountriesconsiderrawmeatadelicacy（美味），wechinesepeopleseldomeatanymeatthatisuncooked._生的，未加工的_test1thegunnersliketodescribewhattheydoascharacter-building,butweknewthattowoundananimalandwatchitgothroughtheagonyofdyingcanmakenobodyhappy.（1）theunderlinedword“agony”inthelastparagraphprobab

15、lymeans_（c）a.formb.conditionc.paind.sadnesstest2thehot-airballoontookoff.itwasbuoyantintheairasacork（软木塞）inwater.（2）theword“buoyant”inthissentencemostprobablymeans_.(c)a.abletobeusedb.abletomovefromoneplacetoanotherc.abletofloatorrisetothesurfaced.abletocarryanything四用语境猜测语义i（1）利用“小”上下文推测词义，即利用生词附近的

16、内容推断生词词义。如：amaresoluteman.onceisetupagoal,iwontgiveupeasily.坚决的，果断的（2）利用“大”上下文推测词义，即利用距离生词较远的内容，如整个段落、篇章等来推断。eg.zipwasstoppedduringthewarandonlyafterthewardiditbecomepopular.whatadifferenceithasmadetoourlives!itkeepspeopleathomemuchmore.ithasmadetheremotepartsoftheworldmorerealtous.photographsshowac

17、ountry,butonlyzipmakesfeelthataforeigncountryisreal.alsowecanseescenesinthestreet.bigoccasionsarezipped,suchasthecoronation（加冕典礼）in1953andtheopeningofparliament.perhapsthesufferersfromziparethenotablepeople,who,astheystepoutofanairplane,havetofacethebatteryofzipcamerasandknowthateverymovement,everyg

18、esturewillbeseenbya“zippersonality”.perhapswecansympathizewhenmembersofparliamentsaythattheydonotwantdebatestobezippedzipmeansa.cinema.b.photography.c.television.d.telephone.(c)exercises:1.whenigottothetheatre,iwasrelievedtoseethatnobodywaswaitinginline.iwasthefirsttogetthereandsurethaticouldgetthet

19、icketwithoutanyproblem.theunderlinedword“relieved”inthepassagemaybestbereplaceby_.(b.不确定)a.surprisedb.pleasedc.producedd.sold2.appletreesmaynotgrowastallastwelvemeters.theydobestinareasthathaveverycoldwinters.althoughnofruitisyieldedduringthewinter,thiscoldperiodisgoodforthetree.theunderlinedword“yi

20、elded”inthelastsentencemeans_.（c）a.improvedb.increasedc.producedd.soldtestthesedaysagreenbuildingmeansmorethanjustthecolorofthepaint.greenbuildingcanalsorefertoenvironmentallyfriendlyhouses,factories,andoffices.greenbuildingmeans,“reducingtheimpactofthebuildingontheland”,tarynholowkaoftheu.s.greenbu

21、ildingcouncilinwashington,d.c.said.61.inthesecondparagraph,theunderlinedphrase“thebuilding”mostprobablyrefersto_.（a）a.anordinarybuildingb.anenergy-savingbuildingc.agreen-coloredbuildingd.abuildinginwashington,d.c.五利用构词法猜测语义掌握前后缀规律，如un-,im-,in-,dis-,il-等前缀与-less等后缀可构成反义词；后缀-ful,-ly,-ism,-ness等可改换词性。而

22、合成词要在正确理解两词的基础上，结合上下文把握两词之间的关系，猜测词义；而对词义的转化，也要求结合上下文来猜测。eg.1.carrentalsarebecomingmoreandmorepopularasaninexpensivewayoftakingtotheroad(不贵的)2.“evenwhenamanissaidtobeabestfriend,”rubinwrites“thetwosharelittleabouttheirinnermostfeelings_内心的_3.impressionism（印象派，印象主义）isaformofartwhichbeganinthe1870s.whe

23、nyoulookcloselyatanimpressionist（印象派的）painting,youseelittledotsofdifferentcoloredpaints.whenyoumoveawayfromthepicture,thedotsofcolorsblendsandthepaintinglooklikeithaslightplayingonthepeopleandobjectsinthepicture._testwithoutexaminations,employerswilllookforemployeesfromthehighlyrespectedschoolsandfr

24、omfamiliesknowntothem?aformoffavoritismwillreplace（代替）equality（公平）.（3）theword“favoritism”inparagraph3isusedtodescribethephenomenon(现象)that_b_.a.brightchildrenalsoneedcertificationtogetsatisfying（令人满意的）jobsb.childrenfromwell-respectedschoolstendtohavegoodjobsc.poorchildrenwithcertification（证书、资格）aref

25、avoredinjobmarketsd.childrenattendingordinaryschoolsachievegreatsuccess.（得到成功）六因果关系猜测词义常见的因果信号词有：asaresult,for,thus,because,forthisreason,so,since,consequently,sothat,so/suchthat等。eg.shewantedthehairdresser（发型师）totrimherhairabitbecauseitwastolong.(修剪，剪短)exercises:1.theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossib

26、letoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow._浑浊的2.hedidnthearmyknockingatthedoorbecausehewascompletelyengrossedintv.全神贯注的3.itrained,sothefootballmatchwaspostponed._推迟_4.theyoungmanwassobashfulthathedidntspeaktotheprettygirl._害羞的_七.利用文化背景、生活常识猜测词义运用逻辑推理能力，结合社会文化背景和自身的生活经验及生活常识，再根据上下文推测。eg.1.birdsflywiththeir

27、wings,andtheypickuptheirfoodsandtheneatthemwiththeirbeaksandtheyusetheirclaws（爪子）fortearing（撕）,seizing（抓住）,pullingorholdingobjects（物体）.2.mostoftherosesarebeginningtowither（枯萎）becauseofthecoldweather.exercises:1.thedrivertriedtoaverttheaccidentbybringingthecartoasuddenstop._避免，避开_2.ifamanfeelsverycol

28、d,healwayshuddleshimselfup._蜷缩_3.whatcouldjohnexpect?hehadlefthiswetswimmingtrunks（游泳裤）inthedarkcloset（柜子）foroveraweek.ofcoursetheyhadbeguntomildew._发霉_4.afishbreathesinwaterwithgills._鱼鳃_test1markgotonthemotorbike,isatbehindhimonthepillion,andweroaredoffintothenight.（1）theword“pillion”inthissentenc

29、eprobablymeans_（c）_.a.anobjectusedforsleepingb.abayonwhichoncanrestc.aseatforsecondpersononamotorcycled.aplaceforsitting（test2oneofbritainsbravestwomantoldyesterdayhowshehelpedtocatchsuspected嫌疑的）policekillerdavidbieberandwasthankedwithflowersbythepolice.itwasalsosaidshecouldbeinlineforashareofupto3

30、0,000rewardmoney.（2）theunderlinedphrase“beinlinefor”inparagraph1means_（a）_.a.getb.bepaidc.askford.own八熟词生义猜测熟词的陌生意义通常有三种情况：（1）该熟词在新的具体语境中有了和原来考生所熟悉的意义不同的意思；如：firevt.解雇finevt.罚款falln.秋天standvt.忍受（2）考查一些代词的指代现象；（3）新词在新的语境中变换了词性。eg.1.themajormarketforceresultsin（在于）thegrowingpopulationofwhite-collar（衣领

31、）employees,whocanaffordthenewservice.（白领）2.whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife?（描绘，想象）3.manypeopleworktokeepanimalsfrombeingkilled.somepeoplehelpanimalsaspartoftheirjob,othersdoitjustbecausetheylikeanimals.inthisparagraph,theword“their”refersto_（a）_.a

32、.somepeopleb.someanimalsc.manypeopled.manyanimals思考：延伸到完形填空thingswereverybadthatparticularwinter.thenalettercamefromwherehersewingmachinewasbrought,announcingthattheywouldhavetopickuphermachinethenextdayunlesspaymentswerebroughtuptodate.irememberthatwhenshereadtheletteribecamefrightened.icould_41_us

33、starving（饥饿）todeathandallsortsofthingsthatcouldcometochildsmind.41.a.supposeb.picturec.standd.regret（b）九实战训练asyoumovearoundyourhome,takeagoodlookatthethingsyouhave.itislikelythatyourlivingroomwillhaveatelevisionsetandavideo,andyourkitchenawashingmachineandamicrowaveoven.yourbedroomdrawerswillbefille

34、dwithalmostthreetimesasmanyclothesasyouneed.youalmostcertainlyownacarandpossiblyahomecomputer,holidayabroadatleastonceayearandeatoutatleastonceaweek.now,perhaps,morethaneverbefore,peoplearewonderingwhatlifeisallabout,andwhatitisfor.seekingmaterialsuccessisbeginningtotroublelargenumbersofpeoplearound

35、theworld.theyfeelthatthelong-hoursworkculturetomakemoremoneytobuymorethingsiseatinguptheirlives,leavingthemverylittletimeorenergyforfamilyorpastimes.manyareturningtootherwaysoflivinganddownshiftingisoneofthem.sixpercentofworkersinbritaintookthedecisiontodownshiftlastyear.onecouplewhodownshiftedisdanielandliz.theyusedtoworkincentrallondon.hewasanewspaperreporterandsheusedtoworkforaninternationalbank.theywouldgotoworkbytraineverydayfromtheirlargehouseinthesuburbs（郊区