同位语从句重难点解析及习题

1、同位语从句 一、同位语从句概述 同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容的从句，常见的可以被同位语从句修饰的名词 有： belief,chance,doubt,hope,idea,news,opinion,thought,promise 等。引导同位语从句的词有连 词 that,whether 和副词 how,when,where 等。 二、同位语从句点拨 (1) 同位语从句是意义完整的陈述句时，用连词that引导。注：that在从句中不充当 任何成分， 只起连接作用， 通常不省略。 如： I got the news that he would come to see me the next w

2、eek. ( 2)同位语从句是疑问句时， 应根据语境选用 who,when ,where,how,whether( 不能用 if) 等词来引导。如： The question who is the best for the job requires consideration. ( 3)分隔式同位语从句：当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，为了使句子保持 平衡，常把同位语从句后置。 如： An idea came to him that he could buy her a diamond ring. ( 4)后 面 常 跟 同 位 语 的 词 有 ： doubt,fact,hope,ide

3、a,message,news,possibility,promise,question,suggestion,truth,thoug ht,warning,wish 等。 注： advice,order,suggestion 等词表示建议、命令的词后的同位 语从句中的谓语动词须用 (should) +动词原形。如： He made the suggestion that the meeting(should) be put off. 三、同位语从句与定语从句的区别 ( 1) 所表达的内容不同： 同位语从句和定语从句一般是放在某一名词后面，但同位语 从句是对该名词的解释和说明，而定语从句是对该名

4、词的修饰，说明它的性质特 征。如： The fact that he presented was a strong proof. 他所提供的事实是一个强有力的证据。 (定语从句 ) The fact that she hadntsaid anything surprised us all. 她一言不发的事实让我们每一个人都很惊讶。 ( 同位语从句 ) (2) 在句中所起的语法作用不同： 引导定语从句的 that 是关系代词，它的作用是连接 主句和从句，并代表先行词在从句中充当句子成分，而且that 作宾语时可省略， 指物时，可以用 which代替。引导同位语从句的that是连词，只起连接主句和

5、从 句的作用，它不充当任何成分， 不能省略，也不可被 which 代替。如: We expressed the hope that Mr and Mrs Smith would come to visit China the next year. 我们表达了希望史密斯夫妇第二年到中国来访的愿望。( 同位语从句 ) The news(that/which)we heard spread all over the city. 我们所听到的消息传遍了整个城市。 (定语从句 ) ( 3)所修饰的词不尽相同： 同位语从句所修饰的名词数量有限，往往是含有某种信息 的词，如： message,news,fa

6、ct,hope,desire,problem,idea,suggestion,advice,questtion, order,belief,doubt,fear,truth,throught 等，而定语从句修饰的先行词无此限制。 (4)wh-引导词引导同位语从句时，有其本身的疑问含义；引导定语从句时则没有疑问 的意思。如； I have no idea where the meeting will be held. (同位语从句) He is the only one of these boys who can speak Franch. (定语从句) 四、相关练习 (1)There is n

7、o obvious evidencethere is life on any other planet in the solar system. A.which B.that C.how D.where 解析：选 B 没有确凿的证据证明太阳系的其他行星上有生命。 Evidence 后的同位语 从句不缺少任何成分，故用 that 引导。 (2)My friend showed me round the town,was very kind of him. A.which B.that C.where D.it 解析：选 A 我的朋友领我参观了这个城镇，他真好。非限制性定语从句缺少主语， 所以用

8、which 引导，先行词是前面的整个句子。 That 不能引导非限制性定语从句； where 引导定语从句在从句中作状语； it 不能引导从句。 (3) Many children,parents are away working in big cities,are taken good care of in the village. A.their B.whose C.of them D.with whom 解析： 选 B 许多孩子的父母远在大城市打工，这些孩子在乡村都得到了很好的照 顾。根据句子结构判断，逗号后面是定语从句，从句主语 parents 前缺少定语，故用 关系代词 whose引

9、导。Their和of them 不能引导定语从句；with whom 不能作定语。 (4) It s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently. A.that B.when C.which D.where (5) Many young people in the West are expected to leave could be life s most important decision marriage-almost entirely up to luck. A.as B.tha

10、t C.which D.what 解析： 选 D 许多西方年轻人可能会把自己一生最重要的决定 婚姻，几乎完全 寄托于运气。Leave在此是及物动词，表示“把留给某人决定”，所选项引导其 宾语从句并在从句中作主语，所以选连接代词what。As不引导名词性从句；that引 导名词性从句不作成分； which 表示选择意义，意为“哪一个” 。 1. The fact she works hard is well known to us all. A. that B. what C. why D. which 2. The fact he was successful proves his abili

11、ty. A. that B. what C. which D. why 3. The news he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A. what B. that C. why D. when 4. His suggestion the meeting be delayed was turned down. A. which B. that C./ D.it 5. I have no idea he will start. A. when B. that C. what D./ 6. Ive come from the government with a message the meeting wont be held tomorrow. A. if B. that C. whether D. which 7. The thought he might fail in the exam worried him. A. when B. which C. what D. that 8. The order the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A. which B. whether C. that D. what 9. The nurses are trying their best