初一英语名词讲解及练习(2)

1、名词 一、名词分类： 名词分为 普通名词 和专有名词 普通名词：表示同一类的人或物的名称，又可分为个体名词，如boy, house, i nsect, tiger等； 物质名词，女口 air, snow, bread, rice 等；扌由象名词，女口 glory, honesty, failure, education 等。 专有名词：表示个人、国家、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称，如Che ng Du, Chi na, Obama, China Central Television 等。 名词的两大考点：数与格 二、名词的数 1. 普通名词： 可数名词和不可数名词 （1）可数名词：包括个体名词

2、和集体名词 个体名词：表示个体的人或事物名称的词。如：teacher, student, boy, book, bag 每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式。 A. 单数表示一个”的概念。用名词的单数时，名词前需加a或an。 女口 a book （一本书）、an apple （一个苹果）、an orange （个橘子）等。 B. 复数表示两个或两个以上的物体。如two pencils （两枝铅笔）、three weeks （三周）等。 集合名词： 表示一群人或一些事物名称的词。如：people, family, class, furniture 复数形式的构成有两种：规则名词复数形式的构成和不规则

3、名词复数形式的构成。 规则名词复数形式的构成 词形 复数形式的构成方法 例词 大多数名词 在词尾加-S。（在清辅音后读s,在浊辅音 及兀音后读z。） catcats book-books dogdogs bagbags boy- boys 以 s、x、ch、sh 结 尾的名词 在词尾加-es，读作iz。 glassglasses matchmatches 以辅音字母+y结 尾的名词 把y变成i ,力口 -es,读作iz citycities 但专有名词例外，直接在 y后加-s,读作 z Can adia nCan adia ns America nAmerica ns 以辅音字母 +o结 尾的

4、名词 一般直接加-es读作z; tomatotomatoes potatopotatoes 某些词例外，加-s kilo-kilos, pia nopia nos, photophotos 以兀音字母+o结尾 的名词 直接加-s,但读作z zoozoos radioradios 以f或fe结尾的名 词 有的直接加 -s,读作z roofroofs 大多数要将f或fe变为v,再加-es,读作z leafleaves wifewives kni fe k nives yourself-yourselves 不规则名词复数形式的构成 复数形式的构成特点 例词 通过改变词内元音字母 manmenfoo

5、tfeet toothteeth mousemice （老鼠） 通过在词尾加-en或-ren oxoxen （牛） childchildren 单复数形式相同 a sheep two sheep a deertwo deer （鹿） a Chinesetwo Chinese （中国人） 注意事项： 只能用于复数形式的名词有:clothes, trousers, pan ts, shoes, socks 单数名词用于复数含义：people, public, police 特殊名词的讲解： people作“人们，人民”解时，只有复数形式，谓语动词作复数。 There _are five peopl

6、e in my family. 我家有五口人。 There are fifty-six peoples in our coun try. 我们国家有56个民族。 clothes等属于无单数形式的复数名词，谓语作复数。 例： My favorite clothes are pants. pants , shoes , glasses ,shorts scissors等名词，由两部分构成，常以复数形式出现，谓语 动词要用复数。要表示单数常用a pair of表示，此时如作主语，谓语要作单数看待。 例: Your pants are blue. This pair of pants gmine. 集

7、体名词看作整体时，谓语用单数；指成员时，谓语用复数。 His family is a large family. 指整体His family likean imals. 指成员 有的名词单复数意思不同： 例：hair和fruit通常作单数，表示总体。 My hair is black.我的头发是黑色的。 I like fruit .It s goo我喜欢you果，水果对你的身体有好处。 但如果表示若干根头发或各种水果，则需用复数形式 Homer Simps on has three hairs.辛普森有三根头发。 She likes pears, peaches and other fruit

8、s.他喜欢梨，桃和其它水果。 不可数名词：包括物质名词和抽象名词 物质名词： 表示无法分为个体的名词。如：coffee, hair, juice, water, rice 抽象名词： 表示状态，品质，动作，感情等抽象概念的名词。如：health, happ in ess, help 注意事项： 1. 不可数名词没有复数变化，不能与a/an或表示具体数量的词直接连用。这些名词前往往加 some, any, no, a little 等词。女口 ; some water/ apple juice/ milk 2. 当需要表达名词的单位的量时候就要用：数词+量词+Of+名词 来表述。用量词修饰时，

9、首先要注意量词的单复数;然后要注意名词是否可数，不可数时用单数，可数时用复数，如: one bag of rice. one kilo of apples. ten bags of rice . ten kilos of apples. 对量词的提问句型 对可数名词的数量提问用 how many ;对不可数名词的数量提冋要用how much，但对不可数 名词前表示数量名词中的修饰语提问时要用how many。如： I would like twoapples. How many apples would you like? I want some bread. How much bread d

10、o you want? I want three glasses of water.How many glasses of water do you want ? 询问价格用 How much，女口 ： How much is the coat? How much are the coats? 二 . 名词的所有格 所有格的构成 ： 1. 有生命的名词 2. 无生命的名词 有生命的名词 （ 1）一般单数名词后加 s. 如： my brothers book ， Jacks cat， the girls pen （2）以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格，只需在名词右上方加。 如： the girls

11、dormitory ， a teachers college 注意：在不规则复数名词后，要加s.如：womens clothes. （ 3）如果一样东西为两个人共有，在后一个名词词尾加 s， 如： Tom and Peters room 汤姆和彼得的房间（共有） （ 4） 如果一样东西不是共有的，两个名词都要加 s. 如： Toms and Peters rooms 汤姆的房间和彼得的房间（不共有） 无生命名词：无生命的名词的所有格，通常用“of名词”的结构来表示。如： the windows of the room （房间的窗户）a picture of the horse（一张马的照 片）

12、 名词习题 写出下列名词的复数形式： 1. house 4. orange 7. brush 2. it 5. bag 8. family 3. zoo 6. exercise 9. bus 10. city 11. box 12. baby 13. class 14. factory 15. glass 16. dictionary 17. watch 18. woman 19. match 20. man 21. this 22. German 23. tomato 24. policeman 25. kilo 26. human 27. potato 28. Chinese 29. sh

13、elf 30. Japanese 31. leaf 32. American 33. life 34. tooth 35. wife 36. foot 37. knife 38. sheep 39. half 40. child 41.tooth 42.mouth 二选择填空： 1. I want to buy . A. two bottles of ink B. two bottle of ink C. two bottle of inks D. two bottles of inks 2. They don t have to do today. A. much homework B. m

14、any homeworks C. many homework D much homeworks 3. There are three and seven in the picture. A. cows, sheeps B. cows, sheep C. cow, sheep D cow, sheeps 4. June 1 is . A. children s day B. children s Day C. Children s Day D Children s day 5. room is next to their parents . A. Kate s and Joan s B. Kat

15、e s and Joan C. Kate and Joan s D Kate and Joan 6. Miss Green is a friend of _ A. Mary s mother s B. Mary s mother C. Mary mother s D mother s of Mary 7. Sheep white and milk also white. A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D are, are 8. I d like to have a glass of milk and . A. two breads B. two pieces

16、of breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread 9. Many are singing over there. A. woman B. women C. girl D. child 10. He bought B. two pair of shoes A. two pairs of shoes D. two pair of shoe C. two pairs of shoe 11. Mr. White has three A. child B. children C. childs D. childrens 12. -Are the

17、se ? - No, they aren t. They re A.sheep, cows B. sheep, cow C. sheeps, cow D. sheeps, cows 13. There are many in the fridge. A. fish B. fruit C. eggs D. bread 14. - Whose room is this? - It A. Li Ming B. Li Ming C. Li Mings D. Li Mings 15. Here are for you, Sue. A. potatos B. some potatoes C. three

18、tomatos D. for her. some tomato 16. Here are some birthday cards with our best A. wish B. hope C. wishes D. hopes 17. I always go to that to buy food on Sunday. A. shop B. park C. zoo 18. A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lily s C. Lucy s and Lily D. Lucy s D. garden room is on the 5th floor. and Lily s

19、19. Mum, I m quite thirsty. Please give me A. two orange B. two bottle of D. two bottles of oranges C. two bottles of orange oranges 20. 10. The cat caught two _ _ last night. A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D mices 21. I met some _ in the park and talked with them the other day. A. Janpaneses B. America

20、n C. Chineses D. English 22. There are two _ _ in the room. A. shelf B. shelfs C. shelfes D. shelves 23. There are seven _ in a week. A. years B. months C. days D. minutes 24. My father is a _ _. He works in a hospital. A. teacher B. doctor C. farmer D. writer 25. - Excuse me, are you ? - Yes, I m f

21、rom A. Japan, Japanese B. China, Chinese C. England, English D. American, 26. They are _ jackets. A. Lucy s B. Lucy 27. What color is coat. A. Peter s B. Peter 28. These are _ _ books. A. teachers s B. teachers 29. They are _ ice creams A. children B. childrens 30. This is bag. A. Tom and Peter B.To

22、m s and Peter s America A. the school 31. Where are . 32. Those are bags. s studentsB. students of the school A. drivers s B. drivers 33.This bag is A. Mary s and Tom s B. Mary and Tom s 34. fathers are coming. A. Mary sand Kate sB. Mary sand Kate C. Mary and Kate 35. How are these books? A. many B.

23、 much 36. This pair of pants blue. I like very much. A. is, it B. are, them C. is, them D. are, it 37. How glasses of water do you want?A. many B. much 38. This is . A. Mike and Jims bikeB. Mikes and Jim bike C. Mikes and Jims bikeD. Mike and Jim bike 39. These are . A. Amy and Linglings roomB. Amy

24、s and Linglings room C. Amy s and Lingling s roDo.mAsmy and Lingling s room 40. My big and my happy. A. family is family areB. family is families are 三根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空 1. I have a lot of to do. (homework) 2. There are seven in a week. (day) 3. How many can you see? (tomato) 4. Miss Guo is wearing a p

25、air of . (glass) 5. There are five in the picture. (child ) 6. There are two over there ( bench) 7. I like taking ( photo) 8. l can see two standing there ( woman) 9. There are two baskets of on the floor ( apple) 10. There are three( knife ) 11. How many(sheep) are there on the hill? 12. There is some(food) in the basket. 13. The baby has only two(tooth) now. 14. There is a lot of(water) in the bottle. 15. There are five(people ) in his family. 16. Lets take(photo), OK? 17. The(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow. 18. The(child) a