高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)各地方试卷集合汇编一

1、高考英语阅读理解 ( 科普环保 ) 各地方试卷集合汇编 (1)一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、 c和 d）中，选出最佳选项。tablets are really useful devices, but their big screens always make them as a burden to carryaround without a bag. wouldnt it be great if there were a phone with the powers of a tablet thatcould be folded up and f

2、it neatly into the hand?now somethinglike a tablet-shaped but foldable phone is about to become available. infebruary, south korean electronics company samsung and chinas huawei both launched foldable phones, the galaxy fold and huawei mate x respectively. mobile phone use has enteredthe foldable fu

3、ture,the verge noted.the technology could change our lives in significant ways. these devices, due to their bendablescreens, give us the larger screens we want. meanwhile, they still fit easily into the pocket. asusa today noted, theyre the combination of a small tablet and smartphone, all in a sing

4、le device.the technology could change other devices, too. for example, we could make tvs that stick towalls like posters, or fold up easily to hide away in drawers. in crowded modem cities, they will help us to maximize available space.in a keynote address, samsungs senior vice president of mobile p

5、roduct marketing, justin denison, called the foldable screen the foundation for the smartphone of tomorrow. its a blank canvas (画布 ) for us to do something beautiful together. he said.so is there nothing to stand in the way of the foldable future? according to tech news websiteandroid authority, the

6、 necessary displays were difficult to produce. in 2012, nine out of every 10oled (二极管 ) screens produced were imperfect. today, that 10 percent rate has been improvedto between 50 and 90 percent. however, at present these foldable devices are expensive. forexample, the price of huawei mate x is 17,5

7、00 rmb. thats a price that few people will be able toafford.but if the foldable device isnt going to change the world overnight, there is no doubt that it iscoming. patrick moorhead, an industry analyst toldthe verge, few are debating if foldable orrollable mobile displays are the future of smartpho

8、nes; the only question is when and by whom.（ 1） what can be the best title for the text?a. screen devices on the market.b. foldable age is arriving.c. possible powers of a tablet.d. foldable screens are imperfect.（ 2） what can we learn from justin denisons words?（ 3） what is the problem with foldabl

9、e phones at the moment?a. they are easy to break.b. they are inconvenient to carry.c. they are not as useful as expected.d. they are unaffordable for most families.（ 4） what is the authors attitude toward the future of the foldable screen?a. worried.b. cautious.c. positive.d. unconcerned.【答案】 （ 1） b

10、（2） a（3） d（4） c【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“可折叠手机的时代即将到来。”（ 1）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“ wouldnt it be great if there were a phone with thepowers of a tablet that could be folded up and fit neatly into the hand? 脑功能的手机，可以折叠起来，整齐地放在手里，那不是很棒吗如果有一款具有平板电 ”?；以及第二段中的“nowsomething like a tablet- shaped but foldable phone is

11、 about to become available.现在，类似于 ”平板形状的可折叠手机即将问世。可知本文主题是“可折叠手机的时代即将到来。故选b。（ 2 ）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“ justindenison,calledthefoldablescreen thefoundation for the smartphone of tomorrow . its a blank画布 canvas)foru (to do somethingbeautifultogether.justin” denison 称可折叠屏幕是“未来智能手机的基础”。 “这是一块空白的画布，我们可以一起做一些美好的

12、事情。”“可知，我们能从贾斯汀丹尼森的话中了解到“可折叠屏幕 ”具有很大的潜力。”故选a。（ 3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“ however,at present these foldable devices areexpensive. for example, the price of huawei mate x is 17,500 rmb. thats a price that few peoplewill be able to afford. 然”而，目前这些可折叠设备价格昂贵。例如华为 mate x 的价格是 17500 元人民币。这是一个很少有人能负担得起的价格。可知，目前可

13、折叠手机大多数家庭都买不起。故选d。（ 4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的 “ butif the foldable device isnt going to change the world overnight, there is no doubt that it is coming. 但如果这种可折叠”设备不能在一夜之间改变世界，那么毫无疑问，它将会到来。可知，作者对可折叠屏幕的未来持的态度是积极的。故选 c。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。2犇犇阅读理解ne

14、ws anchors(主播 ) must have been reluctant to read out the following news: xin xiaomeng began working as the worlds first female artificial( 人工的 ) intelligence news anchor at xinhua news agency on sunday, three months after a male robot joined the profession.unlike previous news robots though, xin doe

15、s not read news like a cold machine; she reads it almost like a human being. the muscles on her face stretch and relax-and her reactions change-as she continues reading. thats why many news anchors were worried: will ai replace us in the near future?to find the answer, we have to analyse the technol

16、ogies that support xin at her job. three key technologies are used to support xin. first, samples of human voices are collected and synthesized (合成 ). this is followed by the collection and synthesis of human muscle movement samples. and third the voices and movements are married in a way that when

17、the al news anchor reads, the micro -electric motors behind her face move to make her expressions seem more human.yet we need a thorough knowledge of deep leaning technology to make a robot imitate a persons voice. the developer needs to collect tens of thousands of pieces of pronunciations, input t

18、hem into the machine and match them with the text or the al to lean and read. the process for imitating facial movements is similar. the developer has to analyse the movements of the 53 muscles in the human face, make a model set from the collected data for the ai news anchor to lean, and imitate th

19、e movements of facial muscles via programsboth the technologies used to make xins performance impressive are mature. the real difficulty lies in the third -the technology to match the pronunciations with facial movements sothat xin expressions vary according to the content of the news report. in fac

20、t, xins expressions dont always change according to the content. as a result, her expressions look anything but human. actually. ai is still no match for human qualities.（ 1） what does the underlined word reluctant in the first paragraph mean?a. delighted.b. unwilling.c. confused.d. optimistic.（ 2）

21、what can we infer about previous news robots?（ 3） what do we know about the third technology?（ 4） from the last paragraph, we can draw a conclusion that_.a. human news anchors should learn from at anchors to save their jobs b. al anchors perform much better than human news anchors at present c. al n

22、ews anchors wont replace human news anchors in the near future d. xin xiaomeng s expressions vary so naturally that they are true to life 【答案】 （ 1） b（ 2） a（ 3） d（ 4） c【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，上周日，新华社新闻主播辛晓萌成为世界上第一位女性人工智能新闻主播，作者介绍了人工智能背后的技术，并指出在不久的将来，人工智能新闻主播不会取代人类新闻主播。（ 1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的xin xiaomeng began w

23、orking as the worlds first femaleartificial( 人工的 ) intelligence news anchor at xinhua news agency on sunday及第二段中的 thats why many news anchors were worried: will ai replace us in the near future? 可知，担心将来自己的工作会被人工智能取代的新闻主播一定不愿意透露下面这个消息：上周日，新华社新闻主播辛晓萌成为世界上第一位女性人工智能新闻主播，由此可知画线词词义为 不愿意的 ，故选 b。（ 2）考查推理判断。

24、根据第二段中的 unlike previous news robots though, xin does not read news like a cold machine; she reads it almost like a human being. the muscles on her face stretch and relax-and her reactions change-as she continues reading. 可知，与以前的机器人主播不同的是，辛晓萌读起来不像一台冷冰冰的机器，就像是一个活生生的人，她读新闻的时候脸上的肌肉能够伸展和放松，面部反应也发生了变化，由此可

25、知，以前的机器人主播读新闻时面无表情，故选 a。（ 3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的 the real difficulty lies in the third -the technology to match the pronunciations with facial movements so that xin expressions vary according to the content of the news report. in fact, xins expressions don t always change according to thecontent. as a re

26、sult, her expressions look anything but human. 可知，真正的难点在于第三技术，使辛晓萌的面部表情根据新闻报道的内容而变化，事实上，辛晓萌的表情不总是随着内容而变化，她的表情一点也不像人类，由此可知，第三技术还远远不够成熟，故选d。（ 4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的actually. ai is still no match for human qualities. 可知，人工智能仍无法与人类素质相匹敌，由此可知，在不久的将来，人工智能新闻主播不会取代人类新闻主播，故选 c。【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，

27、考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3犇犇 choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you haveread.stocky, slow-moving whale, rarely grows beyond 15 metres in lengthflippers are a third of body length; variable dorsal fin size and shape; saw-toothed trailing edge on

28、flukes, often raised when divingbumpy tubercles on top of headbody colour is dark brown to black; often extensive white on flippers and underside of body and flukes; such patterns enable individual recognitionbushy blow, occasionally v-shaped270-400 olive baleen plateshumpback whales belong to the r

29、orqual (groove-throated) family, which includes fin, sei, brydes, minke and blue whales. the big family migrate between winter tropical breeding areas (north west shelf, great barrier reef, new caledonia, vanuatu, fiii, tonga) and summer antarctic feeding areas. once common in new zealand waters, hu

30、mpbacks are now rarely seen and may migrate further offshore. males compete for mates either by physical fight or by song. females give birth to their young every two to three years; some non-breeding females probably remainin the southern waters during winter. young humpback whales return to their

31、area of birth but in later life some wander between breeding areas. humpbacks eat small shrimps and other schooling prey, such as fish, forming small, cooperative groups of two to three individuals to feed.similar species: easily identifiable due to a hump back when submerging, but at a distance may

32、 be confused with other species that raise their flukes when diving, such as sperm, right and blue whales.protection status: recovering well from past whaling and now numerous in some former migration and aggregation areas, rarely seen in others.（ 1） which of the following is true about humpback wha

33、les?（ 2） which of the following can be inferred from this articles description of humpback whalesmigration?a. they need warmer waters to breed.b. they cant survive in extreme cold.c. they find plentiful food in tropical waters.d. they are mostly hunted in new zealand waters.（3） this article is mainl

34、y intended to.a. explain why humpbacks are still hunted in some parts of the worldb. introduce how humpbacks migrate through some dangerous watersc. popularize the basic knowledge of humpbacks and call for protection d. help distinguish humpbacks from other similar species 【答案】 （ 1） c（ 2） a（ 3） c【解析

35、】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了座头鲸外形特点、体重、颜色，以及其如何繁殖、喂养等生活习性等，并呼吁大家保护它。（ 1）考查推理判断。根据第四个小点后的一段body color is dark brown to black; oftenextensive white on flippers and underside of body and flukes; such patterns enable individualrecognition 可知，座头鲸体色由深棕色至黑色，脚蹼、身体底部和尾鳍上通常是大面积的白色；这样的图案使单个的座头鲸很容易被识别。分析选项可知c 项符合题意，故选c。（

36、 2）考查推理判断。根据第五个小黑点后面的the big familymigratebetweenwintertropical breeding areas (north west shelf, great barrier reef, new caledonia, vanuatu, fiii, tonga) and summer antarctic feeding areas. 座头鲸这个大家族在冬季的热带繁殖区（西北大陆架、大堡礁、新喀里多尼亚、瓦努阿图、斐济、汤加）和夏季南极喂养区之间迁徙。可知，座头鲸在热带地区繁殖。冬季的热带繁殖区，是温暖的地方。可知座头鲸需要在暖和的地方繁殖，故选 a

37、。（ 3）考查主旨大意。本文主要对座头鲸外形特点、体重、颜色，以及其如何繁殖喂养等生活习性等作了介绍，并呼吁大家保护意识。所以本文目的是普及有关座头鲸的知识，并对它们加以保护。分析选项可知c 项符合题意，故选 c。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4犇犇阅读理解environmental experts warn that our planet is drowning in plastic.the worlds cities produce 2 billion tons of tr

38、ash every year. by the year 2050 that number is expected to rise to 3 billion tons. the world bank estimates that the largest amount of trash today, about 44 percent, is plastic. but we often have to buy packaged goods. and often that packaging is made of plastic.now, that may be changing. a new env

39、ironmentally-friendly shopping model was recently launched at the world economic forum in davos, switzerland. this shopping model, called loop, aims to replace throwaway containers with reusable ones.loop is the idea of terra cycle, an american-based recycling company. its chief, tom szaky told the

40、associated press (ap) that removing plastics from the ocean is not enough. he said thepoint is to get away from single-use packages. szaky said that loop is the future of shopping. but it comes from an idea of the past.he compared it to the milkman model of the 1950s in the united states. back then,

41、 someone brought milk to your doorstep in glass bottles and then left with empty bottles. these could be cleaned and used again. the result is zero-waste.jennifer morgan from the environmental non-profit organization greenpeace also joined in the discussion about loop at davos. she said that greenpe

42、ace welcomes the aim of the loop alliance to move away from throwaway culture and disposability. but morgan questioned whether companies worldwide are ready to change their business models.loop is set to launch later this year in three eastern u.s. states, and also in paris, france and some of the s

43、urrounding area. then loop plans to expand to the u.s. west coast, toronto, canada and britain by the end of this year or 2020.（ 1） what does the author intend to do in paragraph 2?a. provide background information.b. advocate zero-waste lifestyle.c. explain the reason for trash.d. introduce a new t

44、opic.（ 2） where does the idea loop come from?a. the world economic forum.b. demand of some companies.c. zero-waste model.d. the milkman model.（ 3） which countries is loop expected to expand to by 2020?a. united states and switzerland.b. switzerland and britain.c. canada and britain.d. france and can

45、ada.（ 4） what is the text mainly about?a. a new shopping model.b. the development of future city.c. the worlds environmental issue.d. the concerns of future shopping.【答案】 （ 1） a（2） c（3） d（4） a【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍美国一家公司推出一种新的零浪费 购物模式。（ 1）考查推理判断。根据第二段“ the worlds cities produce 2 billion tons of trash

46、 every year.by the year 2050 that number is expected to rise to 3 billion tons. the world bank estimates that the largest amount of trash today, about 44 percent, is plastic. but we often have to buy packaged goods. and often that packaging is made of plastic. 可知”，世界上的城市每年产生大量的垃圾，并且其中最大的垃圾量是塑料，结合下文可

47、知，作者写本段目的是为下文提出新的购物模式提供背景信息。故选a。（ 2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的 “ szakysaid that loop is the future of shopping. but it comes from an idea of the past. 和第五段” “ he compared it to the milkman model of the 1950sin the united states. back then, someone brought milk to your doorstep in glass bottles and then left wit

48、h empty bottles. these could be cleaned and used again. the result is zero- waste. 可”知，loop 购物模式的想法来自于过去 送奶工模式 ，是一种可以杜绝零浪费的模式。故选c。（ 3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段 “ loop is set to launch later this year in three eastern u.s. states, and also in paris, france and some of the surrounding area. then loop plans to exp

49、and tothe u.s. west coast, toronto, canada and britain by the end of this year or 2020.可知， loop 计”划在 2020 年前将业务扩大到加拿大和法国。故选d。（ 4）考查主旨大意。根据第三段中的 “ anew environmentally -friendly shopping model was recently launched at the world economic forum in davos, switzerland. 及全文内容可知，文”章主要介绍美国一家公司推出一种新的零浪费 购物模式

50、。故选a。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。5阅读理解rich countries are racing to dematerialise payments. they need to do more to prepare for the side-effects.for the past 3,000 years, when people thought of money they thought of cash. over the pastdecade, howev

51、er, digital payments have taken off tapping your plastic on a terminal or swiping a smartphone has become normal. now this revolution is about to turn cash into an endangeredspecies in some rich economies. that will make the economy more efficientbut it also causesnew problems that could hold back t

52、he transition(转型 ).countries are removing cashatvarying speeds. insweden thenumber of retail cashtransaction perperson has fallenby80% in the past ten years. america is perhaps a decadebehind. outsidethe rich world,cash is stillking. buteven there its leading role is beingchallenged. in china digita

53、l payments rose from 4% of all payments in 2012 to 34% in 2017.cash is dying out because of two forces. one is demand younger consumers want paymentsystems that plug easily into their digital lives. but equally important is that suppliers such as banks and tech firms (in developed markets) and telec

54、oms companies (in emerging ones) aredeveloping fast, easy-to-use payment technologies from which they can pull data and pocket fees. there is a high cost to running the infrastructure behind the cash economy atms, vans carrying notes, tellers who accept coins. most financial firms are keen to abando

55、n it, or discourage old-fashioned customers with heavy fees.in the main, the prospect of a cashless economy is excellent news. cash is inefficient. when payments dematerialise, people and shops are less open to theft. it also creates a credit history, helping consumers borrow.yet set against these benefits are a couple of worries. electronic payment systems may risk technical failures, pow