初中英语简单句基本类型及句子成分

1、英语句子成分及简单句的基本类型句子成分意义及位置充当词类例句主语主语表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什 么事”。通常在句子前部。表语系 动词名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、短语或句子。 状语study i. boy. jii two he谓语e thesebooks tliis kind of food all her friends“是什么”或说明主语“做什么”。 通常在主语后（除疑“怎么样”问、 倒装句外）。great, are tastes delicious are outside the door由动词或动词词组充当onow.时间桧tree. lu( parents宾语表示动作、行为的

2、对象。在及物动 词或介词后。名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名 词、短语或句子。love itenglijdid yo表语与系动词连用，一起构成谓语部 分、说明主语的性质、特征。常在 系动词之后。名词、代词、数词、不定式、动 名词、短语或句子。his fat my cai at scl健康就定语单个词常在用来修饰名词或代词。 修饰的词前，短语或句子在被修饰 的词之后。形、代、数、名、介词短语或相 当于形容词的词或短语。one is难见真，1状语修饰动词、形容词、副词，表示动 作发生的时间、地点、目的、方式 等。位置较灵活。通常由副词、介词短语或相当于 副词的词或短语来表示。our tes ofte

3、n宾语补足语宾语的补足语，逻辑上与宾语是 “主谓”关系。在宾语后。由形容词、名词、介词短语等充 当。lily room同位语重复指代并进一步说明名词及名 词性词语。在被修饰词后。名词、名词性短语、从句等。work ha theya学记口诀:句子成分主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。 宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无。【练习导航】根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。简单句的六种基本句型1.他在听。he.2 .昨晚你唾得好吗？ did you last night?一、主系表结构(s + v + p )：主语+系动词+表语+ (状语)3.这场雨持续了两个小时。the rain two hours.系动

4、词通常与表语一起构成系表结构，用来说明主语的性质、特点或状4.事物总是变化的。things always.be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, get, grow, turn,态等。常见的系动词有 5.他来中 国的梦想实现了。 his dieam to china. become, stay, seem 等。三、主谓宾结构(s + v + o)：主语+及物动词+宾语这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词。及物动词后面必须接宾语才能表达一个完整 的意思。宾语是动作的承受者，一般由名词、代词、动词soui. the milk turned不 定式、动名词等充当。nice

5、 sounds tlie music状语 today. tom very happy is主语及物动词宾语状语(yesterda y)iboughta very good bookyesterday.my fatherlovespictures of cars.every moniiiigmy motherpreparesbreakfastfor meheis havinglunch.sheplansto travelin may day.ipreferstanding.idont knowwhat i should donext翻译下面的汉语句子。【练习导航】他感到有点累。l2.这听起来是个

6、好主意。3.我的电脑在书房里。我最喜欢的运动是游泳。4.那个女孩是我的妹妹。5.） s + v：主语+不及物动词+ （状语）二、主谓结构（不及物动词是指那些本身意义已这种 句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，后面不需要接宾语的动词,fish, work,常见的动词：sing, swim,完整，【练习导航】找出下列句子的宾语。jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen 等。1. he handed in his homework this moniiiig.状语主语不及物动 词状语in2003,)(the first bookcame outin 2

7、003wedidnt goto the cinema yesterday.li mingworksveiy hard.the little gillworkseven harder.the accidenthappenedyesterday afternoon.last week,iwentto guilin for my holiday.2. help yourself to some soup, jim. 3. he forgot wliich way to go.4. would you mind waiting for a few minutes? 5. pll do what i c

8、an, 四、 主谓双 宾：（主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语）1.主语+及物动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）间接宾语（人）气。/f。什直接宾语（事物）+及物动词2.2. bring me some watei please. 状语 直宾 状语 主语 及物动词 间宾3.p11 make you some fresh tea. enjoyinenlias his hobby liim 4. he sang us a folk song.t. brought 5. she showed me her paintings.onmy a veiy ii.将下列句子改为同义句。memy fathe

9、rboughtbiithday.good bike 6. tom gave me a nice pen. = tom a nice pen me. a box of7. my mother bought my little sister a pink skirt. last sent my aunt me chocolate = my mother a pink skill my little sister.week, . 8. she cooked us a delicious meal.=she a delicious meal us.9. tim showed me his nice t

10、-shiit. =tim liis nice t-shiit me.状语间宾 及物动词直宾(tofor)+ 状语主语10. she made me a cup of coffee.=she a cup of coflee me.五、主谓宾补结构(s+v + o + oc)： has his enjoyment to him.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语brought hobby宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语怎么样的，担任补语常on my a very 常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。biithda my fatherbought fbr me good bi

11、key.主语 a box of last tome my aunt sent chocolat e. week,及物动词宾语宾语补足语状语wecan helpyoudevelop new skills.idont wantyouto worktoo hard.youshould keepthe roomclean and tidy.ifoundthe boxemptyin the streethis fathertoldhimnot to playtlie teachertoldusto do some exerciseswemadehimour monitor.tlienewsmadeeve

12、ryonehappy.【温馨提示】give, hand, show, send, bring, pass, lend, teach, tellz tol.与搭配的动词有write, throve sell, email等。如：can you lend us your car? =can you lend your car to us?he brought me a pen.=he brought a pen to me.等。2 .buy, play, get, make, order, choose, sing, pay 搭配的 动词有for与如： my uncle bought me a w

13、atch. =my uncle bought a watch fbr me. mother bought me a book.= mother bought a book fbr me【练习导航】找出下列句子中的直接宾语。. i1. she gave me her telephone number.a. was b. were c. will be d. are【温馨提示】()2. tliere a football match on the playground thisafternoon.tellz ask, advise, help, want, would like,:常见的不定式作补

14、语的动词有 a. will have b. is going to haveorder, force, allow + sb (not) to do sth 等。 c. is have d. is going to be()3. tliere will be enough food for everybody,?等后面的动注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watcha. wont it b. wont thereo词不定式作宾补时，不带toc. isnt itd. arent there( do 1) the boss made hi

15、m the work all day.)4. tliere more than two hundred people killed in road 一accidents since last month. in the next room all the time last night, sing 2) i heard her a. was b. were c. have been d. are11【练习导航】根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。5 .院子里有一个男孩正在和一只小狗玩。找出下列句子中的宾语补足语。a boy with a dog in the yard. 1. they call their daughtermaiy6 .没有空气就没有声音.sound without air. 2. dont leave me behind.7 .没有时间再等你了。no time you.3.1wish you to be happy.4.1 saw her chatting with nancy. 5. good food keeps you healthy. )there be六、句型：there be +(主语状语there。某地有某物或某人”主语一般位于句型主要用来表示there b