动名词的用法及练习题

1、动名词的用法1动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词+ ing 构成，否定形式为 not doing ，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。1）作主语 动名词是由动词变化而来，所以，动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某件事情 。例如： Walking is good exercise.走路是很好的运动Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。Smoki ng may cause can cer.吸烟可能导致癌症。Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 乘火车到杭州要 16 个小时。Swimming

2、 develops the muscles. 游泳可以发展肌肉。动名词作主语时，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一般采用It is和There is两种句式来表示 。例如：It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office. 我从办公室回家要花十分钟。It needs time to make three copies of it. 把它复制三份需要时间。Its nice talking with you. 和你谈话很高兴。Its no use arguing with him.跟他争论没用。It is no use sending him ove

3、r. Its too late already.派他去没用，已经太晚了。It was very difficult getting everything ready in time. 要把一切按时准备好很困难。It is no use waiting for him any longer.等他是没有用的。It is no good learning without practice.学而不实践是没好处的。It is dangerous using this method to measure the speed of light. 用这种方法去测量光速是危险的。It is worthwhile

4、 consulting your tutor about it again. 很值得再向你的指导老师咨询一下这个问题。There is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。There is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。There is no harm in doing so.这样做没有害处。There is no littering about.不许乱扔杂物。2）作定语 动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍，一般只限于单个的动名词作定语，表示 “用于的”或 表示 处于某件事情中的”含义。例如：swimming p

5、ool 游泳池reading material 阅读材料walking stick 手杖floating needle 浮针opening speech 开幕词listening aid 助听器waiting room 候车室running water 自来水developing countries 发展中国家 working people 劳动人民 sleeping child 熟睡孩子3）作表语 动名词作表语的时候，特别要注意：不要与正在进行时混淆。动名词作表语，表达的是 “某 件事”等。例如：His part-time job is promoting new products for

6、the company. （动名词） 他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。Reading is for sure learning, but applying is also learning to a greater exten（t. 动名词） 读书当然是学习，然而运用在很大程度上更是学习。Their task is exploring oil mines in the west. （动名词） 他们的任务是在西部探查油矿。动名词作表语， 容易与现在分词作表语相混淆。 记住：动名词表语表达的是 “某件事 ”与（不定 式短语的意义相近 ），而现在分词表语表示 “具有某个作用 ”。 例如：The

7、situation is very much encouraging（. 现在分词） 形势非常令人鼓舞。His present job is not that stimulating as he expected（. 现在分词） 他现在的工作并不是那么有刺激性。Their plan is to build another dormitory for their staff this year. （不定式） 他们的计划是今年再为员工们建一栋宿舍楼。His wish is to become a pilot. （不定式）他的愿望是当飞行员。4）作宾语 。如：He is fond of playin

8、g football.I like swimming.admit, appreciate , avoid , consider , delay , dislike , enjoy , escape, excuse, face ,feel ， like ， finish ， forgive ， give up， imagine， include ， keep， mention， mind， miss， practise ， put off ， resist ， risk ， suggest ， cant help （情不自禁）， cant stand （无法忍受）等动 词成词组后可以用动名词作宾

9、语，但不能用不定式。forget , go on , mean regret , 作宾语，但意义上有区别。Let s go on studying Lesson 6.Let s go on to study Lesson 6. I remember doing the exercise.remember， stop ， try 等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式（让我们继续学第六课。说明前面已学了一部分。） （让我们接着学第六课。说明前面已学了第五课。） （我记得做过练习。）I must remember to do it.I tried not to go there.I tried doing

10、 it again.（我必须记着做这事。）（我设法不去那里。） 我试着又干了一次。）Stop speaking. （不要讲话。）我打算今天早些来。）He stopped to talk. （他停下来讲话。）I mean to come early today.Missing the train means waiting for another hour. （误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。） 在 allow ， advise ， forbid ， permit 等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或 代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：We dont allow smok

11、ing here.We dont allow students to smoke. 动词 need，require ，want 作“需要”解，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形 式作宾语表示事情需要做，这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义。 be worth 后必须用动名词的主 动形式来表示被动意义。如：The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.Her method is worth trying. 在短语 devote to ，look forward to ，stick to ，to be used to ， obje

12、ct to ，thank you for ，excuse me for ，be（kept） busy ， have difficulty/trouble/problem（in），have agood/wonderful/hard time（in），there s no use/good/need ， feel/seem like/get down to等后的动词也必须用动名词形式，例如：I look forward to hearing from you soon. 在 love ，hate ，prefer ， like 等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。有时用动名词作宾 语时，指一般情况，

13、而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。 start ，begin ，continue 在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。但 start 和 begin 在下列情况下一般跟不定式作宾语：当主语是物而不是人时；当 start 或 begin以-ing形式出现时，当后面作宾语的动词表示感情、思想或意念时。如：It started to snow. He is beginning to cook dinner. I began to understand what he meant. 在 should（would） like/love 等后须用不定式。5）动名词作状语 动名词作状语表示在进行一

14、动作的同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。 动名词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。Having clea ned the rooms we bega n to weed the garder时（间） 打扫完房间，我们开始在花园里除草。Comi ng into the room, she saw everybody already at their work.时间） 进屋以后，她看到人人都在工作。Being ill, he couldnt go to school. （原因）因为生病，他不能去上学。Having no interest in the

15、topic, he didnt go to the lecture. 原（ 因 ） 由于对这个话题没有兴趣，他没去参加讲座。Working diligently, you will certainly succeed. （ 条件） 只要刻苦学习，你会成功的。Us ing atomic en ergy, we can build spaceships.条件）利用原子能，我们能够建造太空船。Gran ti ng the achieveme nts to be great, there is still someth ing to be desired让步） （尽管）成绩是巨大的， （但）仍有一些要

16、求改进的东西。My car was caught in a traffic jam, thus caus ing the delay.结果） 我的车被交通拥挤堵住，所以延误了。Traveling by train, we visited a number of cities. （方式） 我们坐火车访问了好多城市。Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book. 伴（ 随） 玛丽坐在教室的窗户旁，正在读一本书。6）动名词作定语 动名词作定语时和形容词的功能是相似的。动名词可以单独作定语，如：a smiling face 笑脸a le

17、ading figure 领导人物动名词还能构成合成词作定语，如：easy-going man 好说话的人 swimming pool 游泳池sleeping-pill 安眠药片dining-car 餐车 当分词短语做后置定语时，可以转换成定语从句。She went on board the train leaving for Shanghai.= She went on board the train, which was leaving for Shanghai. 她乘坐了去上海的火车。There are two roads before us, one leading to the be

18、ach, the other to the park.= There are two roads before us, one which leads to the beach, the other to the park. 在我们面前有两条路，一条通向沙滩，另一条通向公园。2，练习题I、单项选择：1. No one enjoys at.A. laughingB. to laughC. being laughedD. to be laughed2. You must do something to prevent your house .A. to be broken inB. from be

19、ing broken inC. to break in D. from breaking in3. They insisted on another chance to try.A. givenB. givingC. being givenD. to be given4. - Where is my passport? I remember it here.it with you all the time.- You shouldnt have left it here. Remember A. to put ；to takeB. putting ；takingC. putting ； to

20、takeD. to put ； taking5.His room needsso he must have it A. painting ； paintedB. painted ； paintingC. painting ； paintingD. painted ； painted6.After finishing his homework he went on a letter to his parents.A. write B. writing C. wrote D. to write7.The young trees we planted last week require with g

21、reat care.A. looking afterB. to look afterC. to be looked afterD. taken good care of8.Only English doesnt mean the language.A. to learn ； to learnB. learning ；learningC. learning about ； learn D. learning about ；learning9.She returned home only to find the door open and something .A. missedB. to be

22、missingC. missingD. to be missed10.She decided to devote herself the problem of old age.A. to studyB. studyingC. to studyingD. study11. Remember the newspaper when you have finished it.A. putting backB. put backC. to put backD. be put back12. As she is looking forward to from me, please remember thi

23、s letter onyour way to school.A. hear ；postB. hearing ；to postC. be heard ； posting D. be hearing ； to posting13. Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble your handwriting.A. to readB. to see C. readingC. in seeing14. Writing stories and articles what I enjoy most.A. isB. are C. wasD. were15. We a

24、ppreciate us to the ball.A. them to inviteB. to inviteC. their invitingD. being invited16. Would you mind quiet for a moment? Im trying a form.A. keeping ；filling outB. to keep ； to fill outC. keeping ；to fill outD. to keep ； filling out17. He was afraid for being late.A. of seeingB. of being seen C

25、. to be seen D. to have seen18.Id like to suggest the meeting till next week.A. to put offB. putting offC. put offD. to be put off19.I dont see how I could possibly manage the work without .A. finish ；helping B. to finish； being helpedC. finishing ；helpingD. finishing ；being helped20. Anything worth

26、 is worthy of well.A. doing ； being doneB. doing ；doingC. to be done ；to be doneD. to be done ；being done21. We advised them to take a re 159 st, but they insisted the work.A. finishB. to finish C. in finishing D. on finishing22. I delayed your letter because I had been away for a week.A. answe 1ab1

27、 rB. answering C. writing D. to post23. The thief drove as fast as he could to escape by the police.A. to be caught B. be caught C. being caughtD. catchingit at home.24. I searched for mywallet and it wasnt there. At first, I thought I Then I remembered it out to pay for the taxi.A. must have left ；

28、to takeB. may leave ； takingC. might leave ； to takeD. could have left；taking25. the news of his fathers death, he burst into tears.A. After hearingB. On hearingC. While hearing D. Having heard26. his mother, the baby could not help .A. To see ；to laughB. Seeing ； to laughC. Seeing ；laughingD. To se

29、e ； laughing27.Its no use so much money on clothes.A. spendB. spentC. spending D. being spent28.The sentence needs .A. improve B. a improvement C. improving D. improvednow.29.If he succeeded a job, his children wouldnt be suffering from hungerA. to find B. to look for C. in finding D. in looking for30.I still remember to my home town when I was young.A. taking B. takenC. being takenD. to takeU、填入动名词的适当形式：1. Can you imagine yourself in a lonely island? (stay)2. I cant understand your at that poor child. (laugh