保护臭氧层【精品-ppt】

1、保護臭氧層 ozone layer protection 臭氣層 ozone layer 4在離地面15至35 公里的平流層內，由臭氧氣體形成的一道屏障 a shield of ozone gas in the stratosphere between 15 to 35 km 4它能吸收紫外光的輻射，因此可阻擋來自太陽有害光線的滲透 it absorbs ultraviolet (uv) radiation, thus inhibiting penetration of harmful uv rays from the sun 4一九七五年，科學家己測到每年春季，南極洲上空豐厚的臭氧層呈現急

2、劇轉薄的現象 in 1975, scientists have detected a severe drop in ozone abundance in the layer over antarctica each spring 臭氣層 ozone layer 4一九八七年， 發現南極洲上空的臭氧層消失了一半，出現一個大缺 口，面積相等於美國總面積的兩倍 in 1987, half of antarcticas ozone was found to have disappeared over a region twice the size of us, creating an enormous

3、 “hole” in the ozone layer 4當地球表面受到更多紫外光的輻射時： with more uv radiation reaching the earths surface : 皮膚癌、白內障等發病率增加，人體免疫系統受損 increased incidence of skin cancer, eye cataracts, damage to human immune system 地球生態系統受破壞 damage to the ecology of the earth 4臭氧層的損耗，乃由損耗臭氧層的物質所造成 ozone depletion is caused by t

4、he ozone depleting substances 消耗臭氧層物質 ozone depleting substances 消耗臭氧層的物質 ozone depleting substances (odss) 4是人造化學化合物 - 鹵烴、其中包括碳和鹵素(氟、氯或溴)原子 a family of man-made chemical compounds- halocarbons, containing carbon and halogen (fluorine, chlorine or bromine) atoms 4odss 性質極其穩定，延續長久，存在於大氣下層，可飄浮至離地 面16公

5、里的平流層 extremely stable and a long life span in the lower atmosphere allowing transport to the stratosphere situated 16 km above the ground level 4在平流層內odss遭紫外光作用而分解，釋出氯原子與臭氧作用而產 生氧分子，因而降低平流層內臭氧濃度 in the stratosphere, odss are broken down by the action of ultraviolet light, releasing chlorine atoms,

6、reacting with ozone to produce molecular oxygen, thus reducing the ozone concentration of the stratospheric ozone layer. 4消耗臭氧層物質包括 odss include 含氯氟氫 chlorofluorocarbons (cfc) 鹵代碳氫化合物 (哈龍) halogenated hydrocarbon (halon) 甲基氯仿 (1,1,1-三氯乙烷) methyl chloroform (1,1,1-trichloroethane) 甲基溴 methyl bromide

7、四氯化碳 (四氯甲烷) carbon tetrachloride (tetrachloromethane) 含溴氟氫 hydrobromofluorocarbons (hbfc) 含氯氟氫 hydrochlorofluorocarbons (hcfc) 消耗臭氧層的物質 ozone depleting substances (odss) 消耗臭氧層物質的用 途 application of ozone depleting substances 消耗臭氧層物質的用途 application of ods 4cfc, hcfc ： 供冷氣工程和製冷工業用作冷卻劑 (cfc-11, cfc-12 a

8、nd hcfc-22) used as refrigerants in the air-conditioning and refrigeration industry 作為噴霧劑的推進劑 (cfc-11 and cfc-12) used as propellants for aerosol sprays 供發泡膠工業用作發泡劑 (cfc-11 and cfc-12) used as blowing agents for foam industry 供電子工業用作清潔劑 (cfc-113) used as cleaning agents in electronic industry 4哈龍 ha

9、lons 手提滅火器內所用的哈龍 (halons 1211) bcf used in portable fire extinguisher 固定防火裝置內所用的哈龍 (halons 1301) btm used in fixed fire protection installations 消耗臭氧層物質的用途 application of ods 4三氯乙烷 1,1,1-trichloroethane 用作溶劑以清潔電子板和金屬裝置，作為塗改液的稀釋劑， 紡織業(乾洗)的清潔劑 used as solvent for cleaning electronic boards and metal w

10、orks, thinner for correcting fluids, cleaning agent in the textile industry (“dry cleaning”) 4四氯化碳 carbon tetrachloride 供紡織和電子業用作清潔劑 used as cleaning agent in textile and electronic industries 取締消耗臭氧層物質的 時間表 phase-out schedule of ozone depleting substances 取締消耗臭氧層物質的時間表 phase out schedule of odss 含氯

11、氟烴 cfcs 一九九四年一月一日起耗用量下降 75 % 75 % reduction of consumption by 1 january 1994 一九九六年一月一日起全面取締 total phase-out by 1 january 1996 哈龍 halons 一九九四年一月一日起全面取締 total phase-out by 1 january 1994 四氯化碳 carbon tetrachloride 一九九五年一月一日起耗用量下降 85 % 85 % reduction of consumption by 1 january 1995 一九九六年一月一日起全面取締 total

12、 phase-out by january 1, 1996 取締消耗臭氧層物質的時間表 phase out schedule of ods 1,1,1-三氯乙烷 1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform) 一九九四年一月一日起耗用量下降 50 % 50 % reduction of consumption by 1 january 1994 一九九六年一月一日起全面取締 total phase out by 1 january 1996 含溴氟烴 hbfcs 一九九六年一月一日起全面取締 total phase out by 1 january 1996

13、 溴代甲烷 methyl bromide 一九九五年一月一日起只限檢疫和付郵運 前消毒處理 restrict to quarantine and pre-shipment applications starting 1 january 1995 取締消耗臭氧層物質的時間表 phase out schedule of odss 含氯氟烴 hcfcs 一九九六年一月一日起耗用量不得超越基 本水平 freeze consumption at base level starting 1 january 1996 二零零四年一月一日起耗用量下降 35 % 35 % reduction of consum

14、ption by 1.1. 2004 二零一零年一月一日起耗用量下降 65% 65 % reduction of consumption by 1.1.2010 二零一五年一月一日起耗用量下降 90% 90 % reduction of consumption by 1.1.2015 二零二零年一月一日起耗用量下降 99.5% 99.5% reduction of consumption by 1.1. 2020 二零三零年一月一日起全面取締 total phase out by 1.1. 2030 損耗臭氧層物質在香港的耗用量損耗臭氧層物質在香港的耗用量 ozone depleting su

15、bstances consumption 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000 年份年份year 加權量加權量 (以公噸計(以公噸計) weighted tonnage 頒布保護臭氧層條例 enaction of the olpo 管制法例 legislative controls 香港對消耗臭氧層物質的管制法例 legislative control of odss in hong gong 保護臭氧層條例 ozone layer p

16、rotection ordinance(olpo) cap. 403 保護臭氧層(含受管制物質產品)(禁止進口)規例 ozone layer protection (products containing scheduled substances (import banning) regulation 保護臭氧層(受管制製冷劑)規例 ozone layer protection (controlled refrigerants) regulation 保護臭氧層條例 (第 403 章) ozone layer protection ordinance (olpo), (cap. 403) 4禁

17、止本地生產受管制物質 to ban the local production of scheduled substances ; 4實施配額及發牌制度管制消耗臭氣層物質的 進出口 to restrict the import and export of these chemicals through licensing and quota provisions. 保護臭氧層條例 ozone layer protection ordinance (olpo) 4最高罰款為港幣 1,000, 000 元及入獄兩年 maximum fine hk$ 1,000,000 and 2 years imp

18、risonment 凡在無許可證下輸入或輸出任何受管制物質，均屬 違法 it is an offence to import and export any scheduled substances without licence. 保護臭氧層(受管制製冷劑)規例 ozone layer protection (controlled refrigerants) regulation 4禁止故意將大型(50 千克 以上)冷凍設備及汽車的 受管制製冷劑排放大氣中 ban the intentional venting to the atmosphere of controlled refrigera

19、nts used in large scale (more than 50 kg) refrigerant equipment and motor vehicles. 4使用核准裝置以便回收或重用製冷劑及； use of approved equipment to recover and recycle cfc refrigerant ; and 4將cfc製冷劑消耗量保留記錄 maintain records of cfc refrigerant consumption 1989 至至 2000 年保護臭氧層條例檢控統計數字年保護臭氧層條例檢控統計數字 prosecution statist

20、ics for 1989 to 2000 $0 $10,000 $20,000 $30,000 $40,000 $50,000 $60,000 $70,000 $80,000 $90,000 $100,000 198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000 年份年份year 罰款罰款 fine 平均罰款 average fine 最高罰款 max. fine 最低罰款 min. fine (2) (2) (2) (1) (17) (14) (2) (18) (7) (n) 檢控 宗數 number of cases prosecuted (10

21、)(6) (2) 執行保護臭氧層條例 enforcement of the ozone layer protection ordinance 4環境保護署 environmental protection department (epd) 負責執行配額及發牌制度 responsible for administration of the quota and licensing system 負責修訂條例以配合蒙特利爾議定書所訂的管制時間表 responsible for amendments to the ordinance to cope with the control programme

22、 laid down in the montreal protocol 4工業貿易署 trade and industry department 負責代表環保署對個別付運者進行登記及簽發許可證 responsible for registration and licensing of individual consignment on behalf of the epd 執行保護臭氧層條例 enforcement of the ozone layer protection ordinance 4海關 customs and excise department 在本港各入境站執行有關職務(即每當

23、發現任何受管制物 未領有許可證時，與環保署進行調查) carries out its duties at all control points of hong kong (i.e. investigation with epd on discovering of any unlicensed controlled substances.) end l!7mcs)dtiy4jzp&aqfv1gwm!7ncs-dtjy4kzp*aqgv1hwm$7nds-etjz4kap*bqgw1hxm$7nds-etjz4kap*bqgw1hxm$8ndt-eujz5kaq*brgw2hxn$8odt+euk

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