水文技术标准术语英文

1、水文技术标准术语英文河流及流域特征Characteristics of river and basin河流及水系River and river system河流river干流（主河）trunk river (main stream)支流tributary stream (branch river)河源river head (river source, headwater)河口river mouth (estuary)河长river length深泓线thalweg中泓线stream central line落差drp河道比降（纵坡降、坡降）river slope河槽（河床）stream cha

2、nnel 水系（河系、河网）hydrographic net (river system)河网密度drainage density流域特征Characteristics of basin流域watershed (basin, drainage area)流域分水线basin divide流域面积（集水面积）watershed area (drainage area, catchment area)流域长度（流域轴长）length of basin流域植被率（植被度）percentage of vegetations in drainage area流域湖泊率percentage of lake

3、s in drainage area流域沼泽率percentage of swamps in drainage area水文分析计算hydrological analysis and computation水文计算hydrologic computation水文计算hydrological computation水文统计hydrological statistics累计频率accumulative frequency重现期return period水文频率曲线hydrological frequency curve设计频率design frequency相关分析corelation analy

4、sis暴雨rain storm大暴雨large rain storm特大暴雨extraordinary rainstorm降雨面积（雨区）precipitation area (rain area)暴雨中心rainstorm center暴雨强度rainstorm intensity暴雨历时rainstorm duration点雨量point precipitation (point rainfall)面雨量area precipitation (area rainfall)定点定面关系precipitation relationship between fixed point and fix

5、ed area)动点动面关系（暴雨中心点面关系）precipitation relationship between center point and variable area)暴雨时、面、深关系depth-area-duration relationship of storm (DAD)暴雨强度历时曲线duration curve of storm intensity设计暴雨design rainstorm设计雨型design rainfall pattern暴雨等雨量线图isohyet map of rainstorm可降水量probable precipitation可能最大降雨pro

6、bable maximum precipitation (PMP)暴雨模式rainstorm model典型暴雨typical rainstorm移置暴雨transposition storm组合暴雨synthetic storm露点dewpoint地面露点dewpoint at earth surface代表性露点representative dewpoint可能最大露点probable maximum dewpoint产流（汇流）runoff yield (concentration of flow)产流runoff yield (runoff formation)蓄满产流runoff y

7、ield under saturated storage超渗产流runoff yield under excess infiltration下渗容量线（下渗曲线）infiltration capacity curve初损initial losses最大初损maximum initial losses后损later losses降雨径流关系图rainfall-runoff relationship设计净雨量design net rainfall基流base flow汇流concentration of flow河槽集流（河网集流）concentration of channel flow单位线（

8、时段单位线）unithydrograph瞬时单位线instantaneous unithydrograph综合单位线synthetic unithydrograph概化洪水过程线simplified flood dydrograph径流runoff径流runoff地表径流surface runoff地下径流groundwater runoff径流深runoff depth径流模数runoff modulus径流系数runoff coefficient多年平均年径流量mean annual runoff设计年径流量design anuual runoff设计年径流量年内分配distributio

9、n of annual runoff within a year洪水flood设计洪水design flood设计洪水标准standard of design flood可能最大洪水probable maximum flood (PMF)分期设计洪水stage design flood施工设计洪水design flood of construction period坝址洪水flood at dam site入库洪水flood into reservoir溃坝洪水dambreak flood小流域设计洪水（小面积设计洪水）design flood of small catchment泥沙sedi

10、ment固体径流sediment runoff含沙量sediment charge (sediment concentration)输沙量sediment runoff输沙率sediment discharge平均输沙量mean sediment runoff平均输沙率mean sediment discharge水文预报hydrological forecast水文预报hydrolgocial forecast预见期leading time短期水文预报short term hydrological forecasting中、长期水文预报mid and long term hydrological forecast 降雨径流的预报rainfall runoff forecast洪水预报（洪水径流预报）flood forecast 枯水预报（枯水径流预报）low flow forecast泥沙预报sediment forecast水质预报water quality forecast冰情预报ice regime forecast封冻预报freezing forecast解冻预报ice brea