尼科尔森微经练习题(18)

1、Chapter 20 Externalities and Public Goods 299.In the case of a negative externality, the social marginal cost will *a.exceed the private marginal cost. b. be equal to private marginal cost. c. fall short of private marginal cost. d. bear no significant relation to private marginal cost. 300. A perfe

2、ctly competitive steel mill that produces large amounts of a pollution (a negativeexternality) will, from a social point of view, produce a. too little steel. b. the socially optimal quantity of steel. *c.too much steel. d.too much steel only if it installs pollution control equipment. 301. Each of

3、the following provides incentives to reduce a negative externality excepta.merger with affected firms. *b.subsidizing consumption of the good being produced. c. bargaining among firms. d. taxation of the externality. 302. To reach an economically efficient output level, the size of an excise tax imp

4、osed on afirm generating a negative externality should be a. the firm s marginal cost. b. the social marginal cost. *c.the difference between the social marginal cost and the firm marginal cost.d.the sum of the social marginal cost and the firms marg 303. Which of the following“ extedroneaslitnieost

5、distort”the allocation of resources?I.An individuals unwillingness to cut his or her own lawn in an otherwiseimmaculately kept neighborhood. II. Smoke produced in an area by a new firm, which raises the costs of otherfirms. III. A new firms buidpdsikniglled wages in an area, therebyraising costs for

6、other firms. IV. An individuals unwillingness to obtain job training, thereby lowering thetotal GNP. Possible choices: a. I, III, and IV *b.III and IV c. III only d. IV only 304.In perfect competition, environmental externalities need not distort the allocation ofresources providing *a.transaction c

7、osts are zero. b. average costs are constant for all output levels. c. firms install pollution control equipment. d. the government sets realistic pollution standards. 305.In drilling a new oil well in an existing oil field, the fact that output on existing wells isreduced means that a. existing wel

8、ls have negatively slopedMCcurves. b. existing wells and new wells are owned by different people. c. existing wells and new wells are owned by the same people. *d.there is a discrepancy between private and social marginal costs. 306.Bargaining costs are generally high in cases involving environmenta

9、l externalitiesbecause a. there are strong incentives to be a free rider. b. many individuals may be affected by the externalities. c. it is difficult to measure the costs of the externalities. *d.All of the above 307.Externalities between two firms can be“ internalized” if: I. The two firms merge.

10、II. Bargaining costs are zero. III. The externalities affect each firm equally. IV. Marginal costs for both firms are constant. Which statement(s) correctly complete the sentence? a. Only II b. All except III *c.I and II, but not III and IV d. I and IV, but not II and III 308.If bargaining is costle

11、ss and an externality exists, a. an efficient outcome may be reached depending on which party is assignedproperty rights. *b.an efficient outcome will be reached regardless of which party is assignedproperty rights. c. an efficient outcome will not be reached without government intervention.d.an eff

12、icient outcome can never be reached. 180 309.If bargaining is costless, the assignment of property rights for an externalitya.has no impact on the possibility of an efficient outcome and no distributionalimpact. *b.has no impact on the possibility of an efficient outcome but does have adistributiona

13、l impact. c.does have an impact on the possibility of an efficient outcome but has nodistributional impact. d. does have an impact on the possibility of an efficient outcome and does have adistributional impact. 310. A nonexclusive good is a good a. that is sold in various markets. *b.where it is im

14、possible to keep people from enjoying the benefits it provides.c.that is produced by a perfectly competitive firm. d. that is produced at the lowest possible cost. 311. A non-rival good is a good that a. is produced by a monopoly. b. is produced by a cartel. *c.can provide benefits to additional use

15、rs at a zero marginal cost. d.is sold in a single market. 312. Left to their own, private markets tend to *a.underallocate resources to public goods. b. allocate the economically efficient amount of resources to public goods.c.overallocate resources to public goods. 313. Perfectly competitive market

16、s will tend to underallocate resources to nonexclusive publicgoods because a.these goods are produced under conditions of increasing returns to scale.* b. no single individual can appropriate the total benefits provided by the purchase ofsuch goods. c. these goods are best produced under conditions

17、of monopoly. d. no private producer can provide the capital necessary to produce such goods. 314. Efficient production of a public good requires a.that individuals pay for such goods according to benefits received.b.that each individual sMRSbe equal to theRPTof public goods for private goods.* c. th

18、at the sum of individuals MRSs be equal to theRPTof public goods for privategoods. d. that governments produce at the low point of the average cost curve for the publicgood. 181315.The “ f-rreideer problem ” of public goods refers to a.individuals refusal to pay taxes. * b.individuals attempts to hide their preferences for collective goods and to avoidpaying for them. c. individuals-usoeveorf collective goods. d. the inelasticity of individuals demands for public goods. 316.Society s demand curve for a public g