必修四重点词汇短语

1、Un itl Wome n of achieveme nt【重点词汇、短语】1. huma n beings人类2. campaig n运动，战役3. behave 行为4. shade 阴凉处5. move off 离开，启程6. observe 观察7. respect 尊重8. argue 讨论，辩论9. lead a.life 过着的生活10. crowd in涌入脑海11. support 支持12. look dow n upon/on 看不起13. refer to 查阅，参考，涉及14. by cha nee 碰巧15. come across 偶遇16. i nte nd计划

2、，打算17. deliver提送，生（小孩），接生，发表（演说）18. carry on 继续，坚持【重点句型】1. She also discovered how chimps com muni cate with each other and her study of their bodyIan guage helped her work out their social system.她还发现了黑猩猩之间是如何交流的，而她对黑猩猩身势语的研究帮助她弄清楚了黑猩猩的社会体系 work out解决、解答、计算出；产生结果、发展；锻炼；作出、制订出2. She is leadi ng a bu

3、sy life but she says 她过着忙碌的生活，但是她说 lead a -life = live a -life 过的生活3. Many people look dow n upon poor people.很多人瞧不起穷人。look dow n upon / on 蔑视；轻视；瞧不起You mustn t look down upon/ on the disabled.你绝不能瞧不起残疾人。4. If the word group refers to different members, use a plural verb.如果group （作主语）指的是各个成员，谓语动词用复数

4、。 refer to指的是：提及；谈到；提到；查阅、参考5. By cha nee I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in wome n diseases.很偶然地，我看到了一篇关于林巧稚大夫的文章，她是一名妇科专家。 by cha nee二by accide nt偶然地，意夕卜地6. Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work?为什么不像林巧稚那样去读医学院，继续她的伟大事

5、业呢？ carry on 继续；坚持【语法总结】主谓一致（点击“主谓一致”即可查看全部内容）Unit 2 Worki ng the land【重点词汇、短语】1. struggle 斗争2. expa nd使变大，伸展3. tha nks to 幸亏，由于4. rid摆脱5. ridof摆脱，除去6. be satisfied with 对感到满意7. would rather 宁愿8. therefore因止匕9. export 出口10. regret 后悔，遗憾11. build up逐渐增加，建立，开发12. lead to 导致13. focus on 集中与14. reduce 减

6、少15. keep.free from/of使免受影响16. comme nt评论，议论【重点句型】1. Have you ever grow n any pla nts? If so, what did you do to grow them? If not, what kind of plant would you like to try growing?你种过植物吗？如果种过的话，你是怎么种植的？如果没有种过的话，你想要尝试种植什么植物？ If so为省略句式，意为“如果是这样的话” ，if用作连词，so用来代替上文的内容，以避免重复。If not 意为“如果不是这样的话，否则，要不然”

7、，意义与 If so相反。2. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.1974年，他成了世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。不定式放在表示次序的词如the first, the last 以及the only, the very, the right, the best等词后面作定语,且与所修饰的名词之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。3. Usi ng his hybrid rice, framers are produc ing harves

8、t twice as large as before.用他的杂交水稻，农民种出的粮食是以前的两倍。 “imes as+形容词/副词的原级+ as ”为常见的倍数表达法，意为“是的几倍”。This room is three times as big as that one.这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。知识拓展英语中常见的倍数表达法还有：This room is twice bigger tha n that one.=This room is three times the size of that one.这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。The output of TV sets in our

9、factory is 15 times that of ten years ago.=The output -is 15 times what it was ten years ago.我们厂电视机的产量是10年前的15倍。【语法总结】动名词动词的ing形式如果是名词，这种形式叫做动名词。动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、 表语、宾语、定语等。一. 动名词的四种形式及其意义 基本形式：doing（表示主动） 被动式：being done （表示被动） 完成式：havi ng done（表示主动和完成）完成被动式：havi ng been done（表示被动和完成）例如：Travell

10、i ng in space by ordi nary people will be com mon in the future.在未来，普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。Freddy and his band could go no where without being followed by their fans.Freddy和他的乐队到哪里都被他们的粉丝跟着。I have no idea of his hav ing done such a thing aga inst you.我不知道他做过这样一件违背你的事情。Many customers compla in of hav ing b

11、ee n give n short weight at that shop.很多顾客抱怨在那家商店被缺斤少两过。二. 动名词的语法功能动名词在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语和定语等。Lear ning En glish is very difficult . （作主语）学英语非常困难。I enjoy dancing.（作动词宾语）我喜欢跳舞。I have got used to liv ing in the country.（作介词宾语）我已经习惯了住农村。His job is driv ing a bus.（作表语）他的工作是开车。The washi ng mash ine woks well.

12、（作定语）这台洗衣机非常好用。三. 注意事项1. 只接动名词（不能接不定式）作宾语的 28个常用动词practice 、 consider 、 enjoy 、 finish 、 give up 、 imagine 、 keep、 put off 、 risk、 suggest 、 admit 、 advise、allow、appreciate 、avoid、delay、deny、discuss、dislike、escape、excuse、fancy、forbid、 mention 、 mind 、 miss、 permit 、 prohibit2. 既可接不定式也可接动名词，但含义完全不同的8

13、个动词remember to do sth. 记住要做某事（未做）remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（已做）forget to do sth.忘记去做某事（未做）forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（已做）regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事（未做）regret doing sth.后悔/抱歉做过某事（已做）3. feel/be content with对满足try to do sth.努力做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事mea n to do sth.计划做某事mea n doing sth.意味着做某事can t help to do st

14、h.不能帮助做某事can t help doing sth.情不自禁做某事go on to do sth.继续做另一件事go on doing sth.继续做同一件事stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事stop doing sth.停下正在做的事情3. it做形式主语，动名词做真正主语位于句末的重要句型It is no use/not any use/hardly any use/useless doingIt is no good / not much good doingIt is no worthwhile doingIt is a waste of time doingUn

15、it 3 A taste of En glish humor【重点词汇、短语】1. up to now直到现在2. con te nt满足的，满意的4. badly off穷的，缺少的5. en terta in使欢乐，款待6. overcome 战胜，克服7. pick out挑出，辨别出8. cut off 切断，断绝9. convince使信服10. direct 导演，指挥；直接的11. star in 担任主角12. slide使滑动13. whisper耳语，低语14. react做出反应，回应【重点句型】1. Not that Charlie s own life was eas

16、y!倒不是说查理自己的生活是轻松的。 n ot that“并非，倒不是说”，用于句首或短语之前，表否定含义。2. You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.你会觉得震惊，卓别林则会讲话的时候就被教唱歌，刚会走路的时候就学跳舞。此句中it作形式宾语，that从句是真正的主语；astonishing 是动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，与宾语 构成主谓关系。3. Unfortun ately his fa

17、ther died, leav ing the family eve n worse off不幸地是他的父亲去世了，整个家庭的状况更糟了本句中leaving the family even worse off为现在分词短语作结果状语，表示顺其自然的结果【语法总结】现在分词一.现在分词的四种形式及其意义 基本形式：doi ng（表示主动和进行） 被动式：bei ng done（表示被动和进行） 完成式：havi ng do ne（表示主动和完成） 完成被动式：havi ng been done（表示被动和完成）He sat there , reading a newspaper.他坐在那里，读着

18、一张报纸。The area being studied may be rich in coal.这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。Having finished my homework , I began to watch TV.完成作业后，我开始看电视。Having been told many times , she still cant remember it.已经被告诉了很多次，她仍然记不住。二.现在分词的语法功能现在分词在句中可以做表语、定语、状语和补语等。The story is in teresti ng.这个故事有趣。He sat there ，reading a newspap

19、er.（作状语）他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。The area being studied may be rich in coal.（作定语）这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。He saw the thief steali ng some money from the bank.（作宾补）他看到小偷正在从银行偷钱。Unit4 Body Ian guage【重点词汇、短语】1. represe nt 代表，象征2. approach 接近，靠近3. defe nd保护，保卫4. defend aga inst 保卫以免受5. likely 可能的6. be likely to 很可能7. in gen

20、eral总的来说，通常8. ease安逸，减轻9. at ease 舒适，自由自在10. lose face 丢脸11. turn one s back to 背对，背弃【重点句型】1. The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Brita in.第一个到达的是来自哥伦比亚的托尼家西亚，随后紧跟着的是来自英国的茱莉亚史密斯。句中closely followed by是过去分词短语作伴随状语，一般现在分词作伴随状语的时候较多，但如果伴随的动作与所修饰

21、的名词构成被动关系，则用过去分词。2. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touchi ng or dista nee betwee n people.各种文化背景下的人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触的程度和相互间距离也并不一样。本句中not all “并不是所有的”，是部分否定，在英语中有一些用来表示“全体”或“完全”意义的等，与not连用时， 无论not在它们总括词，如 all, both, every, everything, en

22、tirely, completely前面还是后面，都构成部分否定，意为“并非所有都”，“并非每一都”。3. These acti ons are not good or bad, but are simply ways in which cultures have developed.这些行为都无所谓好坏，只不过是文化发展的不同方式而已。句中ways后面跟的是in which引导的定语从句。当先行词是 way时，后面的定语从句如果缺少方式状语，引导定语从句的引导词有三种方式：in which, that或不用任何引导词。【语法总结】动词ing形式（详见第三和第四单元语法总结）Un it5 Th

23、eme parks【重点词汇、短语】1. be famous for 以闻名2. swing秋千，摇摆3. no won der难怪，不足为奇4. preserve 保存，保留，保护区5. be modeled after 仿造6. adva nee 前进，促进7. in adva nee提前8. get close to 接近9. come to life 活跃起来【重点句型】1. Some parks are famous for hav ing the biggest or lon gest roller coasters, others for show ingthe famous sights and sounds of a culture.有些主题公园拥有