定语状语从句省略

1、学习好资料欢迎下载7.当关系词在从句中充当主语时，可以省略，后面的动词发生形式变化一一定语从句省略主动语态时，动词变成-ing形式被动语态时，动词保留过去分词形式而从句不发生任何形式的改变。1.关系词充当从句的宾语的时候，可以直接省略，i know the girl who comes from bj. this is the right book that you arelooking for. = this is the right book you arelooking for.i often like reading short novels which were written by

2、 hemingway.关系词充当从句的主语时，如果谓语结构为实词，将关系代词进行省略，而从 2.i often like reading short novels written by hemingway. 句中的实词要发生形式的改变。如果原本从句是一个主动语态，可以将动词直i raise a dog which is named king.可以直接保留过去分词。如果原本谓语动词是一个被动语态，接变成ing形式。* i raise a dog named king. fruit that containsvc can relieve a cold.=fruit containing vc ca

3、n relieve a如 cold.i believe the candidate who made the speech in the assembly yesterday is sure动词同时省略， 将后面的名词和名词，这时，可以将 bebe+3.如果谓语结构为 to win the support.i know lucy who is the leader of 前面从句所修饰的名词构成同位语结构。如 *i believe the candidate making the speech in the assembly yesterday is sure the team.= i kno

4、w lucy, the leader of the team. to win the support.或者是不加任何关后面的关系代词可以是that, in which3.先行t为the way, 4.系代词。如：i like the way you talk.i know the boy who was praised by the teacher.,直接用于介词后作宾 thatwhich 不能换成 5.直 接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词which,则用作宾语的语的关系代词whom不能成who o但若介词用于句末，the book which is related to the developm

5、ent has been published recently. that,who 也可换成whom6.they lived in a house facing the south.）关系代词充当介词的（ii（ i ）1 （） which用于下列情况：如果引导的是非限定性定语从句；=they lived in a house which faced the south.先宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前that用于下列情况：（i）2先行词本身是 （iii） that 等。（）；all, any, every, all, everything, anything, nothing, little,

6、much） 先行词被等不定代词； （ii 行词 是）先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是等词修饰；（iiino, little, much, somethe workers working inthe factory are well -paid.）先行词中既有人也（序数词；iv （v修饰；正是、恰是）先行词被the only, the very（）,the last= the workers who work in the factory are well -paid.the的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句等。或在 vi有物；（）whichwho另外需要注意：先行词是=the worke

7、rs who are working in the factory are well -paid.。which,或省略，若用thatway,并在定语从句充当状语时，关系代词用其前加介词inthe tie worn by our head was made in shanghai.this was the house in which they lived last year凝问：=the tie which is worn by our head was made in shanghai.是否存在这种方式并正确一一this was the house that they lived in la

8、st year.the book written by wang sells well.=the book which was written by wang sells well.学习好资料欢迎下载状语从句省略将后面的省略从句的主语，主句和从句的主语保持一致，称为分词作状语； 1.ed 形式动词发生形式变化，主动语态变成ing 形式，若是被动语态，则变为。 2. 如前后主语不一致，则称为独立主格结构动词形式变化( -ed )。省略方式：关系词(可保留) +二、地点状语从句中的省略because mum was ill,i didnt go to school.mum being ill,i

9、didnt go to school.地点状语从句的省略常用下列结构： when he finished his homework,we went out toplay. where(ver) possible, where(ver) necessary,-he finishing his homework,we went out to play. 一、 时间状语从句中的省略lay these books where possible you can find them easily. 把这些书放在你可能容易找到的地方。 when (she was) very young, she began

10、 to learn to play the piano. 她很小时，就开始学习弹钢琴。put in articles wherever necessary in the following passages. 在下列文章中需要的地方填入冠词。 while (i was) at college, i began to know him, a strange but able student. 我在上大 学时就开始认识他，一个奇怪但有能力的学生。三、条件状语从句中的省略到达之 when arriving, send me a telegram. (when you arrive, send me

11、a telegram.)后，来个电报。常用的句型是： if necessary, if possible, if true, if anyone 等。如：send the goods now if (they are) ready. 走之货物如果准备好了，请送过来。 before leaving, turn off all the lights. (before you leave, turn off all the lights.) 前，请关闭所有的灯。he will come if (he is) asked. 如果叫他来，他就来。不叫你请你不要进来。 dont come in until

12、 (you are) asked to.if (it is) necessary, ring me at home. 如果有可能，朝我家里打电话。不管什么时候只要有可能就whenever (it is )possible, you should come and help.come along with me if (it is) possible. 来帮忙。如果有可能和我一起去吧. 。if (it is) true, this will casue us a lot of trouble. 你应尽快让我们知道结如果是真的，这会给我们带来很多麻 you should let us know t

13、he result as soon as(it is) possible. 烦。果。there are few people nowadays, if (there are) any, who remember him. as 注： 在引导时间状语从句时，没有这种省略现象。我们不可说很少有人能as walking, shefound a nice shining thing on the ground. 记起他。学习好资料欢迎下载you should stay where you are, unless (you are) asked to leave. 你应呆在你现在的 the footba

14、ll player is rolling on the ground as if (he is) hurt badly in the leg. 足球运动员在操场上打着滚似乎他的腿伤得厉害。地方不动，除非叫你动he moved his lips as if （he wanted ）to speak. 他的嘴动着仿佛要说什么 四、让步状语从句中的省他真是个好人，尽管有时he is a good man, though sometimes (he is) rather dull.独立主格结构讲点无聊吉林省梨树县第二中王春我都不想即使邀我去even if (i am ) invited to, i w

15、ont go to such a bad lecture如此坏的报告一、独立主格结构的概五、比较状语从句中的省她钢琴弹的我你弹的一样好she can play the piano just as wonderfully as you (do).)是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构， 用absolute structur独立主格结构她这项工作比预料的she hasfinished the work earlier than (it has been ) expected.前完成这种结修饰整个句子独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置

16、相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号六、方式状语从句中的省其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式后还可n./a./ad.as if/as thoug他的行为举止好象是个傻子he acts as if (he were) a fool.二、独立主格结构基本构成形她和陌生人谈话彳以乎彳艮she talked to the stranger as if (she were) absent -minded.在意现在分词(过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语)名代他打抽屉仿he opened the desk, a

17、s if (hewas) in search of something important.要找一件什么重要的东西the boy is running impatiently here and there as if （he is） searching for something lost 现在分）1.名 代这男孩很不耐心地在操场上到处跑着仿佛在找什么东西on the sports ground.night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance学习好资料欢迎下载黑夜

18、笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。4 .名词（代词）+形容词there being no bus, we had to walk home.the trojans asleep, the greek soldiers crept out of the hollow wooden horse由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。特洛伊人睡着了，于是希腊士兵从中空的木马里悄悄爬了出来。代词）+过去分词（2.名词 computers very small, we can use them widely.电脑虽小，我们去口能广泛地禾1j用它们。the workers worked still

19、 harder, their living conditions greatly improved.由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。5 .名词（代词）+副词 he was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。the meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room.散会了，校长很快就离开了会议室。不定式代词名词 3. （）+the lights off, we could not go on

20、 with the work.灯熄了，我们不能继续工作了。动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑代词在“名词 /+上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。the four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.6 .名词（代词）+名词我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。his first shot failure, he fired again.many trees, flowers, and grass to be

21、 planted, our new-built school will look even more 他第一枪没击中，又打了一枪。beautiful.two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更 美。.学习好资料欢迎下载两百人死于事故，其中有许多儿童。有这么多的名胜可参观，小孩很激动。（with+名词/代词+动词不定式）the boy was walking, with his father ahead.父亲在前，小孩在后走着。（with+名词/代词+副词）7.名词

22、（代词）+介词短语he stood at the door, with a computer in his hand或 his head resting upon his left forearm he stood at the door, computer in hand.he lay at full length upon his stomach,他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。（with+名词/代词+介词短语）他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头枕着左臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。a vast load of firewood on her , every afternoon a very old woman

23、 hobbled past the old housewith his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy.back.由于儿子如此令人失望，老人感到很不快乐。（with+名词/代词+形容词）每天下午，一个背着一大背柴禾的老妇人都会从那间破旧的房屋前蹒跚着走过。在 with （without）的复合结构中，多数 情况下with能省略，但 without不能省略。三、without ,引导的独立主格结构 with四、独立主格结构的句法功能宾语补足语，宾语通常由名词或代词充当，但代词一定with （ without）+代词）宾t吾（名词/独立

24、主格结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等，还可以作定语。要用宾格。上文的独立主格结构的几种情况都适用于此结构。the girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.1 .作时间状语 小女孩把盒子藏了起来，没有人知道它在哪里。（without +-ing形式）动词的+代词名词/my shoesremoved, i entered a low-ceilinged room ,treading cautiously on the soft tatami mattingwithout a word more spoken,s

25、he left the meeting room.我脱掉鞋子后，走进一间屋顶很低的房间，小心翼翼地踩在柔软的塌塌米垫子上。+代词/名词without+她没再说什么话就离开了会议室。（动词的形式）-ed .more strikers gathered across his paththe governor pondering the matter the kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.学习好资料欢迎下载总督思考问题时，更多的罢工工人聚集在他要通过的路上。我拿着车票还有我的奶酪，雄赳赳气昂昂地跨步走向月台。人们

26、似乎很尊敬我，纷纷向两边退去。ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12.2 .作条件状语十个学生报名参加了这次竞赛，年纪最小的是个12岁的男孩。.weather permitting they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨郊游。5.作定语，独立主格结构作定语其功能相当于一个定语从句。such being the case you have no grounds for dismissing himhe is

27、 the person with a lot of questions to besettled.如果情况如此的话，你没有理由解聘他。他就是有许多问题要解决的那个人。he was walking along the road without any street lights on its both sides.作原因状语3.他走在一条两边没有路灯的马路上。the boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.close to the bank i saw deep pools, the water blue l

28、ike the sky.由那个男孩带路，我们很容易就找到了那奇怪的洞。靠近岸时，我看见几个深池塘，池水碧似蓝天。there being no further business to discuss, we all went home.没有别的事可讨论，我们都回家了。五、独立主格结构注意事项4.作伴随状语或补充说明1.独立主格结构多用于书面语，尤其是描述性语言中，在口语和非正式文体中，一般用从the people falling back with my cheesesand marched proudly up the platform i took my ticket , 句或两个句子来代替

29、。 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在，名词或代词与respectfully on either side.后面的分词等逻辑上是主谓关系，独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.学习好资料欢迎下载总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。he lay there, his teeth set, his hands clenched, his eyes looking straight up.他躺在那儿，牙关紧闭，双拳紧握，两眼直视上方。-ing-ed形式表示动

30、作已经结束，动词 2.动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生，动词形式往往表示动作正在进行。4.独立主格结构与独立成分的异同many things to settle. the manager looks worried,有些分词短语可以独立存在，在句子中没有逻辑上的主语，作为习惯用法。这些短语有：generally speaking ,经理看上去很着急有这么多的事情要处理。（事情还没有处理，而且是由经理本人来处理，（总的说来），frankly speaking （坦 率地说）judging from （从 判断），supposing，表示将来的时间）（假设），等等。用不定式to settlet

31、hemanager looks relaxed, many things settled. generally speaking, the rule is very easy to understand.总的说来，这条规则很容易懂。表许多事情已经处理好了，经理看上去很轻松。（事情已经处理好了，用过去分词settled 示动作已经结束） judging from what he said, he must be an honest man.the food being cooked, the boy was watching tv由他所说的来判断，他一定是一个诚实的人。小孩一边做饭，一边看电视。（两个动作同时进行）有些固定短语是带to的不定式，表明说话人的立场或态度，在句中作独立成分。这些短语有：to be honest （老实说），to be sure （确实），to tell you the truth （说实话），to cut a long story short （长话短说），to b