2021英语专业八级考试翻译笔记

1、英语专业八级考试翻译笔记英语专业八级考试（TEM8）翻译部分笔记（2011）第一部分：英译汉一. 词语翻译（选义）1. 专八基本词汇2. 词义选择1）句子结构Our world is bursting with knowledge - but desperately in need of wisdom. Now, when sound bites are getting shorter, when instant messages crowd out essays, and when individual lives grow more frenzied, college graduates

2、capable of deep reflection are what our world needs. （2007年）学生译文：如今，狗被咬伤的疗程缩短了，速溶的消息漫天横飞，充斥着我们的文章。当同居的生活变得疯狂，大学毕业生深层次反射的正是世界的需求。参考译文：在这个人际交流话语变得越来越简短，传统的写作形式被即时信息所取代，人们的个人生活也变得越来越疯狂的时代，我们需要的正是那些富有反思精神的大学毕业生。（邹申，全新英语专业八级考试指南，上海外语教育出版社，2009）Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they

3、 imagine they should be: rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence, and manipulating others. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being kn

4、owledgeable and acting knowledgeable. （2002年）参考译文：成功者不会毕生致力于想象自己应该成为何种人。相反，他们即他们自己。因此，他们不会费神去装腔作势，故作姿态，摆布他人。他们明白：真爱与装爱，真傻与装傻，真知与假知、真博学与假博学之间是有区别的。In addition, one class of family reasons shares a border with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage:

5、to hold the husband or occupy the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way. （1999年）参考译文：此外，有一类家庭原因与下列类别不无共通之处，这便是：生儿育女是为了维系或改善婚姻：能拴住丈夫或者使妻子不致于无所事事；修复或重振婚姻；多子多孙，以为家庭幸福惟有此法。Writers cannot bear the fact that poe

6、t John Keats died at 26, and only half playfully judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year. （2000年）学生译文：作家们无法忍受这一事实：约翰济慈二十六岁时就死了，于是就几乎半开玩笑地评判他们自己的一生是个失败，这时，他们才刚刚过了这一年。参考译文：诗人约翰济慈二十六岁便盍然长逝，作家们对此深感惋惜。他们过了26岁之后，便不无戏谑地叹息自己一生无所作为。2）文化语境Yet few people ask from books what books can give us

7、. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, ofbiography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. （2005年）参考译文：然而，人们对书籍往往求非所予。开卷之时，我们常常思想模糊，思维割裂，苛求小说真实，认定诗歌造作，视传记为美化

8、，期望史书认同一己之见。3）文章主题Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate societys power of choice. We can choose to make opera and other expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it. （1997年）参考

9、译文：欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈：你必须为此支付昂贵的票价。然而，享用昂贵的东西并不完全是富人的特权，除非我们放弃社会选择的权利。我们有权利使歌剧和其他昂贵的文化形式面向大众，面向那些个人没有支付能力的人。If people mean anything at all by the expression “untimely death”, they must believe that some deaths are on a better schedule than others. Death in old age is rarely called untimelya long life is thou

10、ght to be a full one. But with the passing of a young person, one assumes that the best years lay ahead and the measure of that life was still to be taken. （2000年）参考译文：如果人们藉“英年早逝”这一字眼真的意欲表达什么含义的话，他们必然相信某些人的辞世可以算是寿终正寝，而另一些人则“死不逢时”。死于年迈很少被冠以“死不逢时”之名，因为能度过漫长的一生被认为是甚为圆满的。反之，如果所碰到的是一位年轻人之死，人们会以为这位年轻人风华正茂

11、，前途无可限量，生命的倒计时尚未真正开始。 Instead of having shared their original duties, and as school-boys would say, going halves, they discovered that the cares of life had been doubled. （2008年）参考译文：最起码的义务还未分担（拿学生的话说，这叫“各司其职”），生活中的各种烦心事又接踵而至。（邹申，全新英语专业八级考试指南，上海外语教育出版社，2009）4）代词指代Then for a little while the house fe

12、els huge and empty, and I wonder where my self is hiding. It has to be recaptured slowly by watering the plants and, perhaps, by looking again at each one as though it were a person.It takes a while, as I watch the surf blowing up in fountains, but the moment comes when the world falls away, and the

13、 self emerges again from the deep unconscious, bring back all I have recently experienced to be explored and slowly understood.（2004年）参考译文：找回自我，需要一点时间。我看着浪花迸若喷泉，不过这样的时刻降临了，身边的世界渐次隐遁，自我，再次从潜意识深处浮现，带回了最近的经历，那等待探究和细细品味的经历。二句子翻译（意合）1. 长句化短1）连词为界从句连词：that, which, what, when, how并列连词：and, or, but, so2）短语为

14、界英语重短语；汉语重句子# 难点1）连词省略定语从句缺少宾语，连词省略；动，动，动，动and 动；宾语从句可以省略that。2）分隔模式The idea that the life cut short is unfulfilled is illogical because lives are measured by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity and virtue. （2000年）The idea / that the life cut short is unfulfilled is illogi

15、cal / because lives are measured by the impressions / (that) they leave on the world / and by their intensity and virtue. （2000年）参考译文：视英年早逝为不圆满，这一观念有悖于逻辑，因为衡量生命的尺度乃是留给世界的印记，是生命的力度及其美德。He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his

16、own and which is yet a foreign country. （1998年）He is looking at a country / which in important senses grew out of his own, / which in several ways still resembles his own / and which is yet a foreign country. （1998年）参考译文：他所审视的那个国家，从某些重要的意义上来说，诞生于他自己的国家，并在某些方面仍与他自己的国家相差无几然而，它却实实在在是一个异邦。2. 语序调整前重心（英）v

17、s. 后重心（汉）1）次要-重要2）过去-现在（时间状语前置）3）原因/条件-结果（原因/条件状语前置）I am lonely only when I am overtired , when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up. And I am lonely sometimes when I come back home after a lecture trip, when I have seen a lot of people and

18、 talked a lot, and am full to the brim with experience that needs to be sorted out. （2004年）参考译文：只有当我疲劳过度的时候，在我长时间工作而没有休息的时候，或是在我感到心头空虚而需要充实的时候，我才感到孤独。有时，当外出讲学后回家，见过许多人，讲了很多话，满脑子的感受，需要梳理的时候，我也会感到孤独。But there is hopeful news as well: we have the ability to solve this crisis and avoid the worst - thoug

19、h not all - of its consequences, if we act boldly, decisively and quickly. （2009年）参考译文：但也有令人欣喜的消息：如果行动大胆果断，反应迅速，我们有能力解决这场危机，尽管不能解决所有问题，但能避免最坏的结果。 and no living creature was to be seen, except that in the green church-yard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon the graves, and particularly round

20、about the grave of a child, whom I had tenderly loved, just as I had really seen them, a little before sunrise in the same summer, when that child died.（2010年）参考译文：远近看不见任何生物，唯有苍翠的教堂庭院里，牛群静静地卧躺在那片郁郁葱葱的墓地歇息，好几头围绕着一个小孩的坟墓，我曾对她一腔柔情，那年夏天是在旭日东升的前一刻，那孩子死去了，我如同当年那样望着牛群。（见杨自伍主编英国文化选本，华东师范大学出版社，1996年。）3. 被动语态

21、英语多被动；汉语多主动英语多物称；汉语多人称英语重改造；汉语重和谐直接化主动sth. be done sth. doAnd I am lonely sometimes when I come back home after a lecture trip, when I have seen a lot of people and talked a lot, and am full to the brim with experience that needs to be sorted out.（2004年）参考译文：有时，当外出讲学后回家，见过许多人，讲了很多话，满脑子的感受，需要梳理的时候，我也

22、会感到孤独。还原主动sth. be done - （泛指代词）do sth.But, as has been true in many other cases, when they were at last married, the most ideal of situations was found to have been changed to the most practical. （2008年）参考译文：但是正如其他许多已经发生过的事情一样，当他们最终结婚后，发现最憧憬的生活变得再实际不过了。保留被动1）动词是贬义词2）褒义动词和贬义动词同时出现3）动词为中性动词叫，让，受（到），遭受

23、，为所Although winners can adore and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them.（2002年）参考译文：虽然胜利者也钦佩他人，尊敬他人，但是他们不会完全被他人所规定、所摧垮、所束缚、所吓到。（上海交通大学，毛荣贵，“翻译教学呼唤美育?评阅TEM8(2002)英译汉试卷有感”，中国翻译，2003年1月）4. 词性转换英语静态；汉语动态英语动词派生的名词和形容词转化为汉语动词The rules of the game are an arb

24、itrary imposition of difficulty. （2001年）参考译文：比赛规则就是随意增加困难。In addition, one class of family reasons shares a border with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increas

25、e the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way.（1999年）参考译文：此外，有一类家庭原因与下列类别不无共通之处，这便是：生儿育女是为了维系或改善婚姻：能拴住丈夫或者使妻子不致于无所事事；修复或重振婚姻；多子多孙，以为家庭幸福惟有此法。5. 巧用成语 However, too many of the worlds leaders are still best described in the words of Winston Churchill applied to those wh

26、o ignored Adolf Hitlers threat: “They go on in strange paradox, decided only to be undecided, resolved to be irresolute, all powerful to be impotent.”（2009年）参考译文：但是，世界上的许多国家领导人仍旧可以用当年温斯顿丘吉尔批评欧洲诸政要忽视阿道夫希特勒威胁的名言来形容：“他们在奇怪的悖论中前行，决策了又犹豫不决，下了决心又优柔寡断，貌似强大却又懦弱无能。”学生译文：但是，时下世界上的许多国家领导人可以用当年温斯顿丘吉尔批评欧洲诸政要忽视阿道

27、夫希特勒将带来的威胁的名言来形容，“他们在奇怪的悖论中前行，仅仅为一个决定而犹豫不决，有了决心却拖泥带水，信心犹疑不定，见解随波逐流，掌权者虚弱无力。”（9分）三综合训练When flying over Nepal, its easy to soar in your imagination and pretend youre tiny - a butterfly - and drifting above one of those three-dimensional topographical maps architects use, the circling contour lines rep

28、laced by the terraced rice paddies that surround each high ridge. （2011年）When flying over Nepal, its easy to soar in your imagination and pretend youre tiny - a butterfly - and drifting above one of those three-dimensional topographical maps architects use, the circling contour lines replaced by the

29、 terraced rice paddies that surround each high ridge. （2011年）参考译文：飞跃尼泊尔上空，你尽可以展开想象的翅膀，幻想自己非常渺小宛如一只蝴蝶在建筑师所用的三维地形图上方飞来飞去，（此时），你看到的不再是一圈圈的地形轮廓线，而是一座座高耸的山脊，山间是一层层无边的稻田。Nepal is a small country, and from the windows of our plane floating eastward at 12,000 feet, one can see clearly the brilliant white mi

30、rage of the high Himalayas thirty miles of the left window. Out the right window, the view is of three or four high terraced ridges giving sudden way to the plains of India beyond. （2011年）参考译文：尼泊尔是个小国。我们的飞机在12000英尺的高空向东飞行，向外望去，我们可以清楚地看到，在距离左窗30英里开外，喜马拉雅山直插云霄，光彩照人，呈现一派白色蜃景；右窗外是三、四座高低不同的山脊，再往远处突然变成了一望

31、无垠的印度平原。There were few roads visible below, most transportation in Nepal being by foot along ancient trails that connect and bind the country together. There is also a network of dirt airstrips, which was fortunate for me, as I had no time for the two-and-a-half week trek to my destination. I was on

32、 a flight to the local airport. （2011年）参考译文：公路却看不见几条，（因为）尼泊尔人大多习惯沿古道步行，这一条条小路将尼泊尔整个国家连在了一起。还算是有几座满是尘土的飞机场，这对我来说很幸运，因为我没有时间步行两周多到我要去的地方。我正乘机飞往当地机场。第二部分：汉译英一词语翻译（选词）1. 词语空缺：优选下义词也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边，在河湾之畔，一群羊正在低头觅食。（2007年）学生译文：Right beside this colorful picture, a herd of sheep are eating grass on the riverb

33、ank, with their heads lowered.（7分）参考译文：It is by the riverside, which itself makes really imposing scenery, that the flock of sheep were grazing silently. （邹申，全新英语专业八级考试指南，上海外语教育出版社，2009）2. 同义词：适合语境大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。所以人们对于大自然，全都一直并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，除草和栽花；在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜

34、，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌；往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。（2002年）（张春柏，2002年全国英语专业八级考试汉译英试卷评析，国外外语教学，2002年第4期）人们误译：human beings; men正译：people温馨家园误译：warm houses; warm residences; warm family正译：sweet homes3. 比喻词：直译优先温哥华（Vancouver）的辉煌是温哥华人智慧和勤奋的结晶，其中包括多民族的贡献。（1999年）参考译文1：The prosperity of Vancouver, whic

35、h includes the contributions of people from all nationalities, is the crystallization of the wisdom and the diligence of Canadian people.参考译文2：Vancouvers prosperity owes to the intelligence and diligence of the people there, as well as to the contributions made by a variety of other ethnic groups.但并

36、非每个人都关注自己及至亲至爱之人的内心世界的阴晴。（2008年）参考译文1：But the same amount of care is not always devoted to the conditions of our inner world and that of our beloved ones. （邹申，全新英语专业八级考试指南，上海外语教育出版社，2009）参考译文2：But not everyone is concerned about the inner world of themselves and their loved ones.得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，

37、一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。（2003年）参考译文：Once isolated and confined to a small house on the slope of the garden, I suddenly found myself in disfavor and my wings clipped.4. 成语/四字格1）借译得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。（2003年）参考译文：Before I was taken ill, I had been a s

38、poiled child of my parents, getting things my way in the family2）直译一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。（2003年）参考译文：One spring evening, with myriads of flowers in full bloom in the garden, my parents held a garden party in honour of many guests, whose arrival at once filled the place with laughing cha

39、ts.3）意译这是因为，第一，开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态，而饿了吃糠甜加蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜（2004年）参考译文1：All this can be attributed to the fact that in the first place, you are hungry when you start eating and as long as the hunger can be satisfied, you never care what to eat参考译文2：What accounts for all this is, in the first place, you are hungr

40、y when you start to eat. As the saying goes, “Hunger is the best sauce”, and vice versa况中国古代素来以不滞于物，不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。（2006年）参考译文1：Moreover, Chinese people have long held dear the life philosophy that one should not be confined and enslaved by external matters.参考译文2：Besides, the most predominant philoso

41、phy in ancient China had always been that man should neither overly indulge himself in material comfort nor be controlled by it. （邹申，全新英语专业八级考试指南，上海外语教育出版社，2009）5. 用词多样性好教徒a faithful Christian好父母a loving parent好儿女an obedient child好妻子a virtuous wife好丈夫a dutiful husband晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓，他说：“有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环

42、境便会给人好心情。我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。”钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。乔羽说：“钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是的趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛在一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。” （2001年）参考译文： He asserts: “Mostly speaking, a place with water and fish must necessarily be blessed with a nice setting, which in return k

43、eeps people in good mood.”Qiao Yu claims: “Fishing can be divided into three stages.”二句子翻译（形合）1. 避免语病名词（单复数）代词（指代一致）形容词（排序英语：非本质-本质）动词（时态/语态/语气/非谓语）温哥华（Vancouver）的辉煌是温哥华人智慧和勤奋的结晶，其中包括多民族的贡献。（1999年）学生译文：The glory of Vancouver is due to the wisdom and diligence of the people of Vancouver. It includes

44、efforts of many nationalities.参考译文：The prosperity of Vancouver, which includes the contributions of people from all nationalities, is the crystallization of the wisdom and the diligence of Canadian people.2. 句序调整：后重心（汉）vs. 前重心（英）一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗？提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难；但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待工作

45、、生活的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。（2005年）参考译文1：Difficult as it is to advance an absolute one, it will not be so to judge the very meaning of ones existence generally from whether he is serious about life and what his attitudes are towards work and life.参考译文2：It would be very difficult, of course, tryin

46、g to propose an absolute standard. However, the significance of ones existence can more or less be evaluated by examining his attitude towards life and work. （邹申，全新英语专业八级考试指南，上海外语教育出版社，2009）我国历代的劳动人民以及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。（2005年）参考译文1：And the same is true of the common labourers as well as the great sta

47、tesmen and thinkers in our country.参考译文2：This is true of the working people as well as the great statesmen and thinkers in our history. （邹申，全新英语专业八级考试指南，上海外语教育出版社，2009）每个人都无比关注自己及至亲至爱之人心脏的健损，以至于稍有微疾便惶惶不可终日。（2008年）参考译文：So great is the importance that everyone attaches to the physical condition of his

48、 own heart or those of his closest and dearest ones, that merely a minor disease would enduringly weigh on his mind.3. 句式简洁：1）短语优先大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。（2002年）学生译文1：The gifts bestowed by nature are equally distributed among mankind. No matter one is rich or poor, he receives the same from nature.参考译文：A

49、ll people are blessed by nature, rich and poor alike.（华东师范大学，张春柏，国外外语教学，2002年第4期）使用非谓语短语（-ing，-ed，-to do）分词（定语和状语）定语：名词+ -ing / -ed状语：句子主语+ 名词+ -ing / -ed独立主格不定式（定语和状语）逻辑动宾-定语逻辑主谓-定语没关系（被修饰词抽象）-定语目的状语结果状语原因状语最为常见的是，一个人走着走着突然停下来，眼睛盯着手机屏幕发短信。他不在乎停在马路中央还是厕所旁边。（2009年）参考译文：We are familiar with the scene

50、that a person stops his steps to edit short messages with eyes glued at his phone, regardless of his location, whether in the road center or beside the restroom.也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边，在河湾之畔，一群羊正在低头觅食。（2007年）学生译文：Right beside this colorful picture, a herd of sheep are eating grass on the riverbank, with their

51、 heads lowered.（7分）参考译文：Beside this picture with profusions of colors, a group of sheep are lowering their heads, eating by the riverside.它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来，看一眼这美丽的黄昏。（2007年）参考译文：Hardly none of them would spare some time to raise their eyes to have a glance at the beautiful dusk.一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，

52、一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。（2003年）参考译文：One spring evening, with myriads of flowers in full bloom in the garden, my parents held a garden party in honour of many guests, whose arrival at once filled the place with laughing chats.2）使用复杂句这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。（使用并列句）参考译文：In this way each area has legends of its ow

53、n and the customs pass down.虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同理想。（1998年）参考译文：Although the young people on the Mainland and in Taiwan live in different social contexts, with their individually different experiences of life, in the innermost recesses of their hea

54、rts are wrought an indelible mark by the fine traditions of the Chinese culture and a common ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation.中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占有比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。（2006年）参考译文：The chinese people has never regarded man as being superior to other creatures, which has

55、been demonstrated in both philosophy and arts showing that man takes a proper position among creatures instead of dominating others.人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。（2004年）参考译文：Human beings are interesting in that they tend to first see good in a new acquaintance.所以人们对于大自然，全都一直并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变

56、的方式生活着。（2002年）学生译文：This was especially true in the country. There people have been living in an unchanged way for a thousand years.参考译文：(That accounts for their deep-rooted attachment to her,) especially in the countryside where their ways of life have been kept intact for thousands of years. （华东师范大学，张春柏，国外外语教学，2002年第4期）3）使用省略结构（排比句）乔羽说：“钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是的趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛在一边，使自己的身心得到充分休