考研英语试卷165

1、考研英语 - 试卷 165( 总分： 142.00 ，做题时间： 90分钟 )一、 use of english( 总题数： 2，分数： 80.00)1.section i use of englishdirections: read the following text. choose the best word(s) for eachnumbered blank and mark a, b, c or d. (分数： 40.00 )解析：alan ace greenberg chose his nickname to improve his chances with girls at th

2、e university ofmissouri. but it is an apt (1)of his wading skills on wall street. this week, as the73-year-old (2)down (3)chairman of bear stearns, the investment bank where he hasworked since 1949 is in a high. it (4)an increase in post-tax profits in the second quarterof 43% on a year earlier, (5)

3、a time when many of its wall street rivals have (6). onjune 26th merrill lynch (7)a warning that its profits in the second quarter would fall byhalf, far (8)of expectations. goldman sachs and morgan stanley have also reported lowerprofits. strange that this surprised. (9)alan greenspans frenetic cut

4、s (10)interestrates, times are good for underwriters and waders of bonds, core activities for bear stearns and lehman brothers, (11)also recorded a sharp increase in profits. it has been a terrible(12) for equity underwriters and for advisers on the small amounts of mergers and acquisitions(m a) thi

5、s year. merrill, goldman and morgan stanley are three of the investment banks that gained(13) during the boom in equity and m a business, and they are now (14)the most. ofthe three, merrill is weakest in bonds. it cut (15)its fixed-income activities after thecollapse of lung-term capital management

6、(ltcm) in 1998. as it happens, both bear stearns and lehman have long been criticised for their weakness in equities. mr. greenberg is famous forworrying about even the price of a paper-clip at bear stearns. this used to seem terribly(16) ,but these days other wall street firms are (17)about costs.

7、lay-offs are (18)though not yet alarmingly not least, because banks saw how merrill lynch lost (19)whenthe markets rebounded quickly after the ltcm crisis. still, if few (20)of improvement showsoon, expect real blood-letting on wall street. (分数： 40.00 )a.coverb.encapsulation vc.jacketd.shell解析：解析：但这

8、正是对他在华尔街表现出的商业天赋的恰当形容。本题测试点为名词词义辨析。文中意思是最恰当的修饰、包装，故选 encapsulation 。a.goesb.comesc.stridesd.steps v解析：解析：这位73 岁的老人退下来了，他是贝尔史登公司的董事长。本题测试点为动词短语搭配。 stepdown意为辞职，下台，而其他的动词短语搭配只有下来的意思，故选 steps。a.beb.beingc.as vd.to be解析：解析：本题测试点为介词用法。根据句意ace下台时，身居董事长之位，用as当作为之意a.recorded vb.loggedc.chronicled d.noted 解析

9、：解析：记栽了一次税后利率增长。本题测试点为名词词义辨析。敲满撕记载；潭屣将-记载于航海日志；档潘楮 疚履将.一记入编年史；潮整记下。根据句意，应选 record。a.during b.at vc.ond.in解析：解析：在这个时候华尔街的许多对手栽了跟头。本题测试点为介词用法。文中强调的是点时间，故选 at 。a.stumbled vb.slipc.blunderedd.crept解析：解析：本题测试点为动词词义辨析。嗟涉7土履绊倒，跌跌撞撞；波蝶滑落，跌落；7土漫殿eg犯大错；物蠡另爬，蹑足前进。因此 stumble 意思最为恰当。 a.deliveredb.distributedc.co

10、nveyedd.issued v解析： 解析： 美林证券发出一项警告， 其利润会降低一半。 本题测试点为动词词义辨析。 issue 符合句意， 是正确答案。a.outb.lacking c.lack d.short v解析：解析：大大低于预期设想。本题测试点为上下文理解和固定搭配。根据上文，利润低于预期设想，而be short of是固定搭配，意为达不到。 a.because of vb.becausec.sinced.for解析：解析：因为alan greenspan 大幅降低利率。这四个选项都有因为的含义，但后面接的是短语而不是句子，所以because of 是最佳答案。 a.atb.in

11、 vc.ond.upon解析：解析：本题测试点为介词用法。利率方面降低的固定介词用 in 。a.who b.what c.whom d.which v解析：解析：它们的利润也大幅上升。本题测试点为关系代词的用法。因为先行词bear steams and lehmanbrothers 是两家公司，所以应选 which 。 a.time vb.age c.epoch d.era解析：解析：这一段时间都很痛苦。本题测试点为名词词义辨析。四个选项都表示时间概念，但代表的时间长短不同， time表示的时间可长可短，一般表示含糊的一段时间，且常用 a+adj.+time的搭配；age表示一个时代；epoc

12、h表示一 个时期； era 表示一个时代，所以 time 是正确答案。 a.most v b.much c.a lot d.a great deal解析：解析：这三家投资银行是在股权、投资和收购交易兴盛期获利最多的。本题测试点为上下文理解。因为后面提到 了他们损失也最惨重，所以前后呼应，应选最高级形式。a.lost b.losing c.suffering v d.suffered解析：解析：现在他们损失最惨重。本题测试点为上下文理解和动词的用法。因为主语是公司，动词应采用主动语态。潭散损失的意思讲是及物动词，后面应有宾语，而这里没有，故正确答案是suffering 。a.downb.back

13、c.offd.out解析：解析：它削减了定息项目。本题测试点为动词短语辨析。根据句意back是正确答案。a.unnecessary b.unreasonable vc.unpopular d.unfashionable 解析：解析：这在以前看起来是难以理解的做法。本题测试点为形容词词义辨析。漫敲散得牡屹不必要的；漫敲潟浸抽敬难以理解的；漫溃累懂eg不受欢迎的，不流行的；漫熬棒漫塘履过时的。根据句意，应选 unreasonable。 a.obsessed vb.worried c.suffered d.tormentedobsess 是正确答案。解析：解析：但现在华尔街的其他公司却饱受价格的折磨

14、。本题测试点为动词短语用法。扯散得攥受困扰；津牲敦唇 担忧；量晦肪攥受-的折磨；潴泽演整唇受-烦扰。根据动词短语用法，a.decreasedb.increasedc.increasing vd.decreasing解析： 解析： 下岗人数不断增加。 本题测试点为动词用法和上下文理解。 由上下文可知形势不乐观， 所以下岗人数增加，又因强调逐渐增加的趋势，所以选 increasing 。a.fieldb.ground vc.futured.hope解析：解析：因为银行都目睹了美林公司是如何失利的。本题测试点为动词的用法。短语固定搭配loseground 意为失利，衰退，故选 ground 。a.s

15、ignalsb.symbolv c.signsd.symptom解析：解析：如果没有改善的迹象。本题测试点为名词词义辨析。梯?勇污信号；裱扭汝记号，符号；梯?勇迹象，征兆； symptom（医学中的）征兆，症状。因此，signs是正确答案。二、 reading comprehension（ 总题数： 10 ，分数： 58.00）2. section ii reading comprehension解析：3. part adirections: read the following four texts. answer the questions below each text bychoosi

16、ng a, b, c or d.解析：it is commonly supposed that the health of long island sound is chiefly the responsibility of the shoreline communities in long island, westchester county and connecticut. this is largely true. it is also true, however, that new york city has long been a major contributor to the e

17、nvironmental ills that torture this noblest of american estuaries. the main reason is four old municipal sewage treatment plants on the east river. every day of every year, these plants deposit hundreds of thousands of gallons of partly treated wastewater into the river, which then, with tidal certa

18、inty, propels the polluted water into the sound itself the most damaging of the pollutants leaving the plants is nitrogen useful as a fertilizer on land but, in sufficientquantities, fatal to bodies of water like the sound, where it stimulates the growth of bacteria and algae and robs the water of o

19、xygen. this condition is known as hypoxia, and it suppresses marine life. roughly half the nitrogen comes from treatment plants and other sources in about 80 shoreline communities, the other half comes from the new york city plants. it is thus cause for great celebration that the city agreed last we

20、ek to settle a longstanding legal action and spend at least $700 million to upgrade these four plants, cutting their nitrogen output by nearly 60 percent by 2017. audubon new york, a leader among the environmental groups that helped shape the agreement and move it forward, when negotiations seemed t

21、o falter, called the agreement an historic moment in the struggle to restore the sound to good health. in retrospect, the most important moment in that struggle the moment from which all else has flowed, including last weeks agreement came m 1994, when new york and connecticut. after sustained press

22、ure from the federal environmental protection agency, approved a comprehensive plan to clean up the sound. the citys main responsibility was to modernize its sewage treatment plants. the giuliani administration left the bulk of the task to mayor michael bloomberg. alarmed by the projects estimated $

23、1.3 billion price tag, mr. bloomberg dispatched christopher ward, then the environmental commissioner, to europe and elsewhere to find new, more cost-efficient waste treatment technologies. in due course, mr. ward and his counterpart in albany, erin crotty, reached an agreement in principle to refor

24、m the plants at well under the original cost. mr. ward and ms. crotty left public service, but after further debating aimed partly at ensuring that future city administrations could not wiggle out of the deal, and after further prodding by attorney general eliot spitzer, their successors. emily lloy

25、d and denise sheehan, brought the matter to a close. this does not mean the sound is no longer at risk. the sound passes through the densest population corridor in the country, and will remain forever stressed by the 20 million people who live within 50 miles of its shores. thus the shoreline commun

26、ities in long island, westchester and connecticut must do more than ever to contain pollution. (分数： 10.00 )(1).the following units are responsible for the health of long island sound except. (分数： 2.00 )a.the shoreline community in long islandb.the shoreline community of westchester county c.the shor

27、eline community of connecticutd.the shoreline community of new york city v解析：解析：事实细节题。第一段一开始就说一般认为 long island sound 的环境状况问题由 long island, westchester county 和 connecticut 的海边社区负责，但其实纽约市的污染对其影响巨大，由此可以推断出，纽约市也应对其负责。选项a、r c中的团体都是负责团体，但选项 d,文中虽然隐含纽约应该负责，却没有说明具体部门。 (2).what is probably the meaning ofalt

28、er（para.4）? （分数： 2.00 ）a.succeedb.finishc.stumble vd.fall解析：解析：猜词题。原句为 audubon new york, a leader among the environmental groups that helpedshape the agreement and move it forward when negotiations seemed to falter, called the agreementan historic moment in the struggle to restore the sound to good

29、health.（audubon是环境组织的领导人之一，他在谈判看起来踌躇不前时促成了协议，并推动其前进，将之称为在恢复sound健康风貌努力中的一个历史性时刻。）由此可以推断，falter表达的意思应该是负面的，选项 c体现了这个意义，表示谈判不顺利。（3） .according to the text, the following statements about nitrogen are true except. （分数： 2.00 ）a.nitrogen suppresses marine life vb.nitrogen is a fertilizer which helps plan

30、ts growc.nitrogen in large quantities is fatal to bodies of waterd.nitrogen can rob water of oxygen解析： 解析： 事实细节题。 关于 nitrogen（ 氮） ， 第二段有比较详细的解释。 第二段提到氮是工厂排出的最有害的污染物，氮是农田肥料，但大量的氮会对淡水系统构成威胁，因为它会促进细菌和藻类生长，吸收大量水中的氧气，造成缺氧，从而不利于水中生命的成长。选项中，r c是文中直接提到的，屁氮抑制水中生命，是氮间接作用的结果；而尿氮可以从水中夺取氧气，根据前面分析，是因为氮促进了细菌和藻类生长，

31、而这些生物生长需要氧气，并不是氮可以直接夺取氧气。故选a。（4） .the modernization of the sewage treatment plants was finished by. （分数： 2.00 ）a.mr. bloombergb.emily lloyd and denise sheehan vc.mr. wardd.attorney general eliot spitzer解析：解析：事实细节题。纽约市下水道系统的现代化经历了好几个阶段，第六段给出了相关信息，这里需要找出的是最后完成这个工程的人。市长 mr. bloomberg 是最初的负责人，他派遣mr. war

32、d 到欧洲采纳先进技术， mr. ward 实施了一段时间后离开该部门，后由 attorney general eliot spitzer 继续进行，最终由 emily lloyd 和 denise sheehan 完成了这个任务。故选 b。（5） .why the author suggests that the shoreline communities do more than ever to solve pollutionproblem? （分数： 2.00 ）a.because the agreement has not been reachedb.because people li

33、ving along the shoreline will pollute the water.vc.because the future city administrations could not wiggle out of the deal.d.because mr. ward and ms. crotty left public service.解析：解析：推理判断题。文章最后提到，即使纽约市采取了一定措施解决了污水排放问题，这些海边社区还是要采取更多措施来解决污染，因为 the sound 途经的地方人口密集，污染压力还是比较大的。选项b 符合这点。are burgers and f

34、ries a product of the profound social changes of the past 50 years, or were theyto a large extent responsible for them? the author of this diatribe against multinationalrestaurant brands opts for the latter explanation. there is nothing inevitable about the fastfood nation that surrounds us, he conc

35、ludes. the triumph of mcdonalds and its imitators wasby no means pre-ordained. but it happened nevertheless and in his view, it is to be blamed formany of the evils of modern america and their global spread. the emergence of the corporate colossus,followed inexorably by its deionization, is a famili

36、ar pattern in american business history. themodern phenomenon of fast food originated in california just before the second world war. its first manifestation was kerb service, with meals delivered to motorists by handsome young carhops. richard and maurice mcdonald, who ran a drive-in burger bar in

37、san bernardino near los angeles, became tired of having constantly to replace their carhops and wash up crockery and dishes. in 1948 they decided to make customers serve themselves, while restricting the menu to items that could be prepared by unskilled cooks and eaten without plates, knives or fork

38、s. the mcdonald brothers were soon bought out by the entrepreneurial ray kroc, who franchised their name and techniques so successfully that there is now scarcely a comer of the world that is free from their trademark golden arches, invariably spawning a cluster of rival chains selling hamburgers, p

39、izzas, or fried chicken, handed out by smiling teenagers willing to accept minimal pay. they are cheap, cheerful, popular, and children love them. so just what is mr. schlossers beef? apart from his nutritional reservations too much fat, salt and sugar he proves how. as the chains expanded, they wer

40、e able to dictate terms to the suppliers of potatoes and ground beef, their staple ingredients. this caused an upheaval in agribusiness, as a few large suppliers quickly forced less efficient producers out of the market. the drive to keep down costs and increase the speed of production led to the em

41、ployment of cheap unskilled labor and. to the widespread toleration of dangerous and unhygienic practices among growers and processors, which regulatory bodies have failed to police. mr. schlosser, who is a skillful and persuasive investigative reporter, sees all this as a damaging corruption of the

42、 free market. he is especially angered by promotional techniques aimed at impressionable children. a 1997 giveaway of teenie beanie babies increased the sale of mcdonalds happy meals from 10m a week to 10m a day. and a survey found that 96% of american schoolchildren could identify ronald mcdonald,

43、the chains mascot. only santa claus scored higher. （分数： 10.00 ）（1） .from the example of mcdonald the author concludes that. （分数： 2.00 ）a.the fast food is the great social change of the past 50 yearsb.the success of multinational brands was destinedc.the corporate deionization contributed to some soc

44、ial changesvd.mcdonald is popular in america解析：解析：推理判断题。文章第一段提出了一个问题，汉堡和薯条是过去50 年社会变化的产物，还是这些食品在某种程度上大大地引起了社会变革尿批评家更趋向于后者。因此，选项公司打造品牌所使招术已是社会变化的因素之一，不是作者的观点；国际品牌注定成功，从文章的一段可以看出，麦当劳之类快餐的成功并不能说明它们有着必然的成功 决定权，而是体现了现代美国主义的全球扩张，故也不是作者的观点。集团公司是导致社会变动的原因，文中提到这些 公司都有着巨型招牌，不惜斥巨资打造品牌，这在美国商业界早已司空见惯了，这种全球化是真正的原

45、因。麦当劳很受 美国人欢迎，这并不是作者总结出来的。（2） .the word kerb service（para. 2） equates to. （分数： 2.00 ）a.restaurants serviceb.motor servicec.family service d.roadside service v解析：解析：猜词题。第二段提到 its first manifestation was kerb service, with meals delivered to motorists by comely young carhops.（ 最初的这种服务是由年轻侍者直接送给乘车人受理的。

46、 ） 因此选项饭馆服务， 汽车服务，家政服务，路边服务中，路边服务为正确答案。（3） .the author airs mr. schlossers opinion in the second paragraph in order to. （分数： 2.00 ）a.list the nutritional reservationb.support the proper termsc.ask the police to regulate the productive processd.criticize fast-food for its negative effectsv解析：解析：推理判断题

47、。在第三段中 schlosser 不但谈到他们的食品中含有太多的脂肪、盐和糖分，还谈到大供应商 会排挤其他供应商，引起农业综合企业的不平衡。为了降低成本，加快生产速度，一些供应商甚至私自雇用一些业务不精的工人并使用不洁工具。因此，作者指出 mr. schlosser 观点，除了批评快餐的营养问题外，还批评其经营方式带来的不良影响。选项屁列举营养成分，b（支持合理的协议，员要求法律规范生产机制，展批评快餐的负面影响中，d最为符合。（4） .which one of the following aspects of mcdonalds does mr. schlosser detest most?

48、 （分数： 2.00 ） a.nutritional reservationb.management modelc.promotion methods to children v d.marketing strategy解析：解析：事实细节题。四个选项都是mr. schlosser 不喜欢的方面，但文章最后一段提到 he isespecially incensed by promotional techniques aimed at impressionable children.（他对面向儿童的促销方式感到尤为愤怒。 ） 所以最令他讨厌的应该是c。（5） .the authors attit

49、ude towards mcdonald is. （分数： 2.00 ）a.appreciative b.critical v c.indifferentd.neutral解析：解析：情感态度题。本文作者主要引用了 mr. schlosser 的观点，从而表明作者对麦当劳快餐公司持一种批判态 度，选项屁欣赏的，层批判的，员漠然的，展中立的中，b最贴切。the number of city schools put on a list for strict scrutiny by the state for poor academic performance went up slightly th

50、is year and the number of city schools taken off the list by showing improvement dropped, the states commissioner of education announced yesterday. ten city schools now at risk of being shut down were added to the list of schools under registration review, known as surr, bringing the total in the ci

51、ty m 40. statewide. 61 schools are under review, said the commissioner, richard mills. the addition of 10 city schools reverses what had been a trend in the past few years: the number of schools on the list had been falling. there were 55 schools in 2003, 46 in 2004 and 35 last year, an all-time low

52、. but this year a new factor was at work: the state raised the level of performance required to pass its standards. in addition,6 of the 10 newly named schools are middle schools and those schools have for years confounded educators by resisting the improvements that have worked in lower grades and

53、even in high schools. three city schools were removed from the list this year for improvement in academic performance, but that number was significantly lower than the number removed in each of the past several years. for instance, 16 schools were taken off the list last year. schools chancellor joe

54、l i. klein observed that the number of endangered schools still remains at a near-record low. nevertheless, we cannot accept failing performance by any of our schools for any reason, he said. if a school proves incapable of providing a high-quality education m our students despite efforts to improve

55、 it, it will be closed. he said 8 of the 40 schools that have been on the list were scheduled m be closed this year and 5 more will be closed next year. the state also expanded its review process for the first time this year m district 75, which covers special education schools, andone district 75 s

56、chool, public school 12 in the bronx, was put on the list. despite the additions,mr. mills said he was pleased. i think its impressive since we have been rinsing the bar, hesaid. the city has essentially been staying ahead of a moving locomotive. elsewhere in the state,three schools in buffalo and t

57、wo in syracuse were added to the list. the 10 new york city schoolshighjunior 12, p.s. 220, p.s. manhattan; in studies integrated for school legacy are list the onschool 123 and middle school 302 in the bronx; j.h.s. 265. j.h.s. 57, m.s. 143, intermediate school291 and p.s. 12 in brooklyn. the three

58、 schools removed from the list are p.s. 140 in the bronx.repertory company high school in manhattan and ebc/eny high school for public safety and law inbrooklyn. （分数： 10.00 ）（1） .in the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by. （分数： 2.00 ）a.posing a contrast vb.presenting a phenomenonc.justifying an assumptiond.making a comparison解析：解析：文章写作方式题。文章第一段用教育委员会的公告摆