海运术语解释

1、海运术语解释2011-04-22 15:50:55 by :易物流-做最专业的建材物流交易平台按英文缩写字母排序。提示：按下 ctrl+f进行搜索。英文缩写英文解释中文解释aaalways afloat经常漂浮aaaaalways accessible always afloat经常可进入，经常漂浮aaosaalways afloat or safe aground.condition for a vessel whilst in port经常漂浮或安全搁浅。港口中的船舶状态aaraamsterdam-antwerp-rotterdam area阿姆斯特丹-安特卫 普-

2、鹿特丹区域abafttoward the rear (sterm ) of the ship.behind（近船尾） 接近船后（船尾）。在后面。aboardon or within the ship（在船上）船上或船 内above deckon the deck (not over it - see aloft )（在甲板上）甲板上（小图十甲板-见aloft ）abtabout大约adcomaddress commission订舱佣金，租船佣金addendumadditional chartering terms at the end of a charter partyaddendum （附

3、件）租船契约末尾处附加 的租船条款afspsarrival first sea pilot station (norway )到达首个海区领航站 （挪威）affreightmentthe hiring of a ship in whole or part（租船）租用部份或 整条船舶aftat or towards the sterm or rear of a shipaft （在船尾）处于 或接近船尾或船后agroundtouching or fast to the bottom（搁浅）接触或贴牢水 底agwall going well一切顺利ahlaustralian hold ladder

4、s澳洲舱梯aids to navigationartificial objects to supplement natural landmarks indicating safe and unsafe waters（导航辅助设施）天然陆标的人工辅助物， 指示安全和危险水域aloftabove the deck of the ship（在上方）船舶甲板 上方amidshipsin or toward the centre of the ship（在船中部）处于或 接近船舶中央anchoragea place suitable for anchorage in relation to the wi

5、nd , seas and bottom（锚地）考虑风、海 和水底因素后，适合锚 泊的地点anthamantwerp-hamburg range安特卫普-汉堡范围apsarrival pilot station到达领航站aragamsterdam-antwerp-rotterdam-gent range阿姆斯特丹-安特卫 普-鹿特丹-根特范 围arbitrationmethod of settling disputes which is usually binding on parties. a clause usually in a charter party（仲裁）解决争端的 方式，通常对

6、各方具有 约束。租船契约中的常 用条款。a/salongside靠边asbaamerican shipbrokers association美国轮船经纪人协会aspwany safe port in the world世界任何安全港口asternin the back of the ship, opposite of ahead（在船后）在船后， 与船前相对。atdnshincany time day/night sundays and holidays included早晚任何时间，包括星 期日和假日。athwartshipsat right angles to the centreline

7、 of the ship（横向）与船舶中心 线成直角atutcactual times used to count所用实际时间计数backleiier e6w6“（保函）卖方/托运wh ere a seller/shipper issues aletterf 之有利于承运indemnify ” in favour of the carrier in人的担保函：以换取exchange for a clean bill of ladingyy清洁提单。bafbunker adjustment factor. a fuel surcharge expressed as a percentage ad

8、ded or subtracted from the freight amount,reflecting the movement in the market place for bunkers.燃油附加费。燃油附加 费以附加百分比或从 运费中扣除的方式显 示，反映燃油市场价的 变化。bale cap.cubic capacity of a vessels holds to carry packaged dry cargo such as（包容积）运载包装 干货（如包/托盘）的bales/pallets船舱立方容积ballastheavy weight,often sea water,nece

9、ssary for the stability and safety of a ship which may or may not be carrying cargo.in order to safeguard stability of the vessel and to be able to correct heeling angles by pumping ballast from one tank to another.a ballast tripis a trip where the ship does actually have no cargo on board, only bal

10、last (water).（压舱物）重物，通 常为海水。用于保证空 载船舶的稳定和安全。ballast bonuscompensation for relatively long ballast voyage（空放费）对长途空 放的补偿bareboat chtr.bareboat charter - owners lease a specific ship and control its technical management and commercial operations only.charterers take over all responsibility for the oper

11、ation of the vessel and expenses for the duration.（光船租赁）光船租 赁-船东出租特定的 船舶，只对其技术管理 和商业运营进行控制。 承租人承担船舶运行 的所有义务和承租期 间的费用。bbbbefore breaking bulk.refer to freight payments that must be received before discharge of a vessel commences卸货之前。指船舶开始 卸货之前必须收到支 付运费。bdiboth dates inclusive包括首尾两hbeamthe maximum bre

12、adth or the greatest width of a ship（船宽）船舶的最 宽度belowbeneath the deck（以下）甲板以下bendsboth ends ( load & discharge ports )装卸两港（装卸港）biboth inclusive两个都包括bimcothe baltic and international maritimecouncil波罗的海和国际海事 协会bl1bale捆包bl2bill of lading.a document signed by the carrier which acts as a contract of affr

13、eightment, a receipt and evidence of title to the cargo.（提单）由承运人签署 的单据，用作包运合 同、收据和货物所有权 的证明。bmbeam船梁bnbooking note预定纪录bobbunker on board船上燃料舱bofferbest offer最佳报价bowthe forward part of the ship（船头）船的前部brobbunkers remaining onboard船上剩余的燃料舱brokeragepercentage of freight payable to broker (by owners in

14、c/ps ) or applicable to sale or purchase（经纪人佣金）船东 按租船契约运费白分 比支付给经纪人的款 项，或适用于购销合同 的百分比。bssbasis基础bss 1/1basis 1 port to 1 port港口至1港口基础btberth terms班轮条款bulkheada vertical partition separating compartments（隔墙）分开舱室的 垂直隔离物bundlingthis is the assembly of pieces of cargo, secured into one manageable unit.

15、this is relevant to items such as structural steel, handrails, stairways etc. whilst this is a very flexible description, a rule of thumb is to present cargo at a size easily handled by a large (20 tonne ) fork lift.（打捆）将货件集中 起来，固定后形成便于 管理的单元。这些货件 基本都属于如结构钢、 扶手、楼梯等物品。由 于这样描述比较笼统， 约略的衡量是便于大 型叉车（20吨）搬

16、运 的货物尺寸。bunkersname given for vessel fuel and diesel oil supplies ( originates from coal bunkers )（燃料舱） 船舶燃料 和柴油供应设施名称（早先指煤舱）buoyan anchored float uesed for marking a position on the water or a hazrad or a shoal and for mooring（浮标） 锚泊浮标用 于指示水域位置、浅滩 或危险，并用于系泊。bwadbrackish water arrival draft船到卸港吃水深度c

17、afcurrency adjustment factor货币贬值附加费cbmcubic metres立方米cbft (或 cft)cubic feet（或）方英尺cfr (或 c&f)cost and freight（或）成本加运费charta map uesed by navigators（海图）导航地图choptcharterers option由承租人选择chtrscharterers承租人cifcost,insurance & freight.seller pays all these costs to a nominated port or place of discharge成本、

18、保险加运费。卖 方将所有这些费用付 至指定港口或卸货地。ckdcompletely knocked down全拆装coacontract of affreightment - owners agree to accept a cost per revenue tonne for cargo carried on a specific number of voyages.包运合同-船东同意 对特定航次的运载货 物按营收吨收取费用。cipcarriage and insurance paid to运费和保险费付至coacpcontract of affreightment charter part

19、y包运租船契约合同cobclosing of business交易结束cobldnclosing of business london伦敦交易结束codcash on deliver货到付款cogsacarriage of goods by sea act依海事法案运送货物congestionport/berth delays（拥挤）港口 /泊位 延迟consconsumption消耗c/sneeconsignee. name of agnet, company or person receiving consignment收货人。收货的代理 商、公司名称或人名。copcustom of po

20、rt港口惯例cp （或 c/p）charter party租船契约cpdcharterers pay dues承租人负责租金cptcarriage paid to运费付至cqdcustomary quick despatch按港口习惯快速装卸， 不计滞速费。crcurrent rate现行费率crobcargo remaining on board船上剩余的货物crncrane起重机，吊车crtcargo retention clauses, introduced by charterers based on shortage of delivered cargo because of inc

21、reased oil prices货物残留条款。由于油 价上升，承租人根据递 送货物的短缺情况而 引用的条款。cstcentistoke厘海ctrcontainer fitted适合装货柜的dae6w6disbursement account使费帐目dafdeliver at frontier边境交货dapsdays all p (total days for loading & discharging )装卸共用天数damfordetdamages for detention.penalty if cargo is not ready when ship arrives forworking

22、 (1stday of laycan ) .this is not detention which is charged for ships time on delay. if the cargo is ready there is no damfordet.滞留损失。船舶抵达进 行作业时货物未备妥 所需缴付的罚金（受载 期的第1天）。这并 不是因船舶延时而征 收的滞留罚金。如果货 物备妥，则不会征收滞 留损失。ddudelivered duty unpaid.递送货物税款未付。ddpdelivered duty paid.递送货物税款已付。decka permanent covering o

23、ver a compartment, hull or any part thereof（甲板）船舱、船身 或其任何部位上方的 永久性覆盖物。dem滞期费（码头租金）。demurrage （quay rent ） . money paid by 划、七匕 用弗，甘超过指7e免费期后）the shipper for the occupying port space由托运人支付占用港bey0nd a spec市ed“free time “ peri0d空间的费用。deqdelilvered ex quay目的港码头交货desdelivered ex ship目的港船上交货despdespatch.t

24、ime saved, reward for quick turnaround-in dry cargo only速遣费。节省时间，快 速周转的酬金-仅限 干货detdetention (see damfordet )滞留（见damfordet ）。devdeviation.vessel departure from specified voyage course绕航。船舶偏离指定的 航线。dfrtdeadfreight. space booked by shipper or charterer on a vessel but not used亏舱费。托运人或承租 人在船舱预定但没有 使用的空间

25、。dhdatsbedespatch half demurrage on all timesaved both ends装卸港口的速遣费均 按滞期费的一半，并按节省的全部时间计算。dhdwtsbedespatch half demurrage on working time saved both ends装卸港口的速遣费均 按滞期费的一半，并按 节省的工作时间计算。dischdischarge卸货dkdeck甲板dlospdropping last outwards sea pilot (norway )最后-位出港海区领 航员下船（挪威）dodiesel oil柴油dolspdropping

26、off last sea pilot( norway )最舟-位海区领航员 下船（挪威）dopdropping outward pilot出港领航员下船dotdepartment of transport运输部dnrcaoslonldiscountless and non-returnable cargo and/or ship lost or not lost尢折扣和不口退还货 物和（或）船舶灭失与 否draught(或 draft)depth to which a ship is immersed in water.the depth varies according to the des

27、ign of the ship and will be greater or lesser depending not only on the weight of the ship and everything on board, but also on the density of the water in which the ship is lyingdraught （或draft ）（吃水）船 舶浸入水中的深度。深 度会根据船舶结构设 1们有所变化，同时， 深度高低不但取决于 船舶的重量和船上物 品，还取决于船舶所在 水域的水密度。drkderrick桅杆起重机dunnagemateri

28、als of various types, often timber or matting, placed among the cargo fo separation, and hence protection from damage, for ventilation and, in the case of certain cargoes, to provide space in which the tynes of a fork lift truck may be inserted.（垫舱物） 各种小同 种类的材料，常为木料 或编织品，用于隔开货 物，因而起到防损保 护，还后利于通风，同 时

29、为某些货物辟出空 间供叉车的叉具插入。dwat (或 dwt)deadweight. weight of cargo, stores and water, i.e. the difference between lightship and load displacement.dwat （或 dwt ）总 载重吨位。货物、储备 和水的重量，即满载排 水量和空船排水量之 差。ebb e6w6a receeding current（退潮）水流后退eceast coast东岸eiueven if uesed即使使用elventelectric ventilation电力通风设备etaestimated

30、 time of arrival估算到达时间etcestimated time of completion估算完成时间etdestimated time of departure估算离港时间etsestimated time of sailing估算航行时间exwex works交货工作facfast as can尽快fasfree alongside ship. seller delivers goods to appropriate dock or terminal at port of embarkation and buyer covers costs and risks of loa

31、ding.船辿交货。卖方将货物 交到相应码头或装船 港口堆场，买方承担装 载风险和费用。fcafree to carrier. a moden equivalent of fas used in intermodal transport where goods are transferred at a nominated forwarders premises,depot or terminal but not actually on board vessel.货交承运人。一种先进 的、相当于fas的联 合运输方式，货物在指 定货运代理商的所在 地、库房或堆场转让， 但实际上并没有装船。fd

32、(fdis)free discharge船方不负担卸货费用fddfreight demurrage deadfreight货物滞期费和亏舱费fdespfree despatch船方不负担速遣费fdedanrsaoclonlfreight deemed earned, discountless and non-returnable(refundable) ship and or cargo lost or not lost货物装船后所有运费 即视为已赚取，不得扣 减并无须返还（退回）， 无论船舶或货物灭失 与否。fendera cushion, placed between ships, or

33、between a ship and a pier, to prevent damage（护舷物）碰垫，置 于船舶之间或船舶与 码头之间，防止碰撞损 坏。feustandard 40 container英尺标准集装箱fhexfriday/holidays excluded不包括周五、节假日fhincfriday/holidays included包括周五、节假日filo e6w6free in/liner out. seafreight with which the shipper pays load costs and the carrier pays for discharge costs

34、.船方不负担装费，负担 卸费。即托运人负担海 运货物的装费，承运人 负担卸费。fiofree in/out. freight booked fio includes the seafreight, but no loading/discharging costs,i.e. the charterer pays for cost of loading/discharging cargo.船方不负担装卸费。按 照fio条款预定货载 时，运费包括海运费， 但不包括装卸费用，即 承租人负担装卸货物 的费用。fiosfree in/out stowed. as per fio, but excludes

35、 stowage costs.船方不负担装卸费和理舱费。按fio条款，但理舱费除外。fiostfree in/out trimmed. charterer pays for cost of loading/discharging cargo,including stowage and trimming.船方不负担装货、卸货 和平舱费。承租人负担 装卸货物的费用，包括 装载和平舱费。fiotfree in/out and trimmed. as per fios but incledes trimming, e.g. the levelling of bulk cargoes. fios inc

36、ludes seafreight, but excludes loading/discharging and stowage costs.船方不负担装卸和平舱费。按 fios条款， 但包括平舱费，例如散 货平整。fios条款包 括海运费，但装卸费和 理仓费除外。fitfree in trimmed船方不负责装费和平 舱费fiwfree in wagon船方不负担装入货车 费fixingchartering a vessel（确认）租用船舶fixtureconclusion or shipbrokers negotiations to charter a ship - an agreement（

37、签约）结束与船舶 经纪人的租船谈判 - 签订协议flatpackingcargo to be presented stacked and secured as an intergral unit.（扁平包装）货物叠 放并按整体单元固定。fltfull liner terms全班轮条款fmcfederal maritime commision美国联邦海事委员会fmeforce majeure excepted/、可抗力除外fmsfathoms英寻fo1for orders等待指示fo2(ifo)fuel oil/intermediate fo燃油/中级燃油fo3free out船方不负责卸费fo

38、bfree on board. seller sees the goods over the ships rail on to the ship which is arranged and paid for by the buyer船上交货。卖方负责监 督货物，直到越过船 舷”并装到由买方安排 和支付的船上。fofferfirm offer实盘fogfor our guidance做加加的指引foqfree on quay码头交货forfree on rail铁路交货force majeureclause limiting responsibilitied of the charterers,

39、 shippers and receivers of cargo.（不用抗力）承租人、 托运人和受货人的限 责条款。fore-and-aftin a line parallel to the keel（船首到船尾）在与龙骨平行的线里forwardtoward the bow of the ship（前1fb）接近船头fotfree on truck卡车交货fow1first open water首个解冻区fow2free on wharf码头交货fpdfree pratique. clearance by the health authorities检疫证。由卫生部门颁 发的清关证。frfir

40、st refusal. first attempt at best offer that can be matched优先购买权。优先提出 可达成的最佳报价。freeboardthe minimum verticaldistance from the surface of the water to the gunwale（干舷）从水面至舷 缘的最小垂直距离frtfreight. money payable on deliver of cargo in a mercantile condition运费。商业中的交货应 付款。free despatchif loading/discharging

41、achieved sooner than agreed, there will be no freight money returned.（船方不负担速遣费） 如果提前完成装卸作 业，无须返还运费。free exinsfree of any extra insurance (owners)不负担任何额外保险 （船东）free outfree of discharge costs to owners.insurance seafreight only.（船方不负责卸费） 船东不负责卸费，仅包 括海运费。frustrationcharterers when cancelling agreement

42、 sometimes quote doctrine of frustration i.e. vessel is lost, extensive delays.（受挫原则）承租人 取消协议时往往会引 用受挫原则”，如船舶 灭失、严重延迟。fwadfresh water arrival draft.到港淡水吃水深度fwddfresh water departure draft.离港淡水吃水深度fygfor your guidance做为你们的指引fyifor youe information供您参考gageneral average总平均geara general term for ropes,

43、blocks, tackle and other equipment（船具）缆绳、滑车、 滑轮和其他设备gls (gless)gearless无吊杆的gncngeneral condition（常规条件）gn (或 gr)grain (capacity)散装（容积）gogas oil汽油gpgrain capacity. cubic capacity in grain散装容积。以粮食克 令”为单位的立体容 积。grgeographical rotation. ports in order of calling地理顺序。按照召集顺 序排列的港口。grdgeared带吊杆的grtgross reg

44、istered tonnage总注册重量gsbgood, safe berth保证安全停泊gspgood, safe port保证安全港口gteeguarantee保证gunwale e6w6the upper edge of ships sides（舷缘）船舷上缘2hsecond half下半时hahatch舱口hague rulescode of minimum conditions for the carriage of cargo under a bill of lading（海牙规则）针对提 单中货物运输最低条 件的法规hatchan opening in a ship;s deck

45、 fitted with a watertight cover（舱口） 船舶甲板中 安装后/、透水盖罩的 开口hbfharmless bulk fertilizer无害的散装肥料hdltsbendshalf despatch lay time saved both ends双边节省的装卸时间 的速遣费减半hdwtshalf despatch working (or weather) time saved节省工作（或晴天）时 间的速遣费减半hhdwhandy heavy d.w. (scrap)小型重量废料hiret/c remuneration（租金）期租报酬hmsheavy metal sc

46、raps重金属废料hohold船舱holda compartment below deck in a large vessel, used solely for carrying cargo（船舱）大型船舶甲 板下面的舱室，专用于 运货hullthe main body of ship（船身）船舶主体hwhigh water高潮icwintercoastal waterway: bays,rivers,and canals along the coasts (such as the atlantic and gulf of mexico coasts),connected so that ve

47、ssels may travel without going into the sea.两岸间的水道：沿海岸 的海湾、河流和运河（例如大西洋和墨西 哥湾海岸），船舶可以 通过这些连接水道行 驶，无须进入海洋。imdginternational maritime dangerous goods code国际海运危险品规则imointernational maritime organisation国际海事组织in &/or overgoods carried below and/or on deck（甲板上下）在甲板 上面和（或）卜面运载 货物indindication指示intermodalca

48、rriage of a commodity by different modes of transport, i.e. sea,road,rail and air within a single journey（联合运输）通过不 向的运输方式运输物 品，例如单个航程内的 铁路、公路、空运和海 运。incotermsinternational rules for the interpretation of trade terms（国际贸易术语的缩 写）国际贸易术语解释 通则itfinternational transport workersfederation (trade unions). c

49、omplies on国际运输工人联盟 （工 会）。代表船员利益crewingitineraryroute. schedule（航海日程表）路线。 时间规划。iuif used如果使用iuhtautcif used, half time actually to count如果使用，实际时间计 半。iwlinstitute warranty limits协会保证权限keelthe centreline of a ship running fore and aft; the backbone of a vessel（龙骨）船首到船尾 的船舶中心线；船舶的 主骨架knota measurement o

50、f speed equal to one nautical mile(6,076 feet) per hour（节）船速的测量单 位，等于每小时的海里（6,076 英尺）。lane metera method of measuring the space capacity of ro/ro ships whereby each unit of space (linear meter) is represented by an area of deck 1.0 meter in length x 2.0 meters in width.（延米）一种测量ro-ro （滚装）船空间 容积的方法，每个

51、空间 单位（延米）代表长1.0米x宽2.0米的 甲板面积。lashto hold goods in position bu ues of ropes, wires, chains or straps etc.（捆扎）使用绳索、 钢丝、链条或带子等固 定货物。latlatitude. the distance north or south of the equator measured and expressed in degrees.纬度。赤道南北距离的 度数。laycanlaycan (layday cancelling date)（受载期和解约日）laytimetime at charte

52、rers disposal for purpose of loading/discharging（装卸时间）承租人 掌握的装卸时间l/cletter of credit信用证lcrlowest current rate最低现行费率leethe side sheltered from the wind（背风面）避风处leewardthe direction away from the wind. opposite of windward（背风）背风方向。 迎风的反义词。leewaythe sideways movement of the ship caused by either wind or

53、 current（风压角偏航）由风力或水流引起的船舶 侧向运动lfload factor. percentage of装载系数。运载货物或cargo or passengers carrier e.g.4,000tons carried on vessel of 10,000 capacity has a load factor of 40%乘客的百分比，例如一 条10,000吨位容积 的船舶运载 4,000吨 货物，其装载系数为 40%。lienretention of property untill outstanding debt is paid（留置权）付清未偿 债务前扣留财产lngl

54、iquefied natural gas天然液化气loalength overall of the vessel船舶总长度load linesee plimsoll line（载重线）参见plimsoll lineloflloyds open form劳氏保单loga record of courses or operation. also, a device to measure speed（日志，测速器） 航 线或操作记录。也指测 速器。loiletter of indemnity赔偿证明longitudethe distance in degrees east or west of the meridian at greenwich（经度）英国格林威 治子午线东西距离的 度数lowlast open water最后开放水域ls (或 lumps)lumpsum freight. money paid to shipper for a charter of a ship (or portion) up to