[毕业论文]浅析《贫民窟的百万富翁》中的宿命论色彩-经济学学士

1、abstract slumdog millionaire is a 2008 british romantic drama directed by danny boyle. it is an adaptation of the novel q & a (2005) by indian author and diplomat vikas swarup. slumdog millionaire was nominated for 10 academy awards in 2009 and won eight, the most for any film of 2008.on the interpr

2、etation of the film, many scholars make a fruitful exploration, but these linguistic features and are more from shooting techniques, focusing on the interpretation of the films theme and successes. fatalism is a valuable aspect of creation in the movie slumdog millionaire which describes about the f

3、ate of the characters is particularly highlighted. this is a problem worthy of our serious consideration: how to correctly understand the infiltration of religious thought, the cruel fate and dark reality in the film? the purpose of the present study is to analyze necessity, contingency and creativi

4、ty in plot arrangement from the perspective of fatalism setting and characters in the film, and to discuss the causes of fatalistic ideas and its performance analysis in creation of this film. its expression is not a pure fatalism, but takes fatalism to criticize the society and pay attention to the

5、 suffering through the experience of the protagonist, around a reflection on human nature as well as the satire in american dream.key words: slumdog millionaire; fatalism; love attitude; criticism摘要 2008年上映的贫民窟的百万富翁这部电影是根据印度作家及外交官维卡斯史瓦卢普的作品q&a所改编，由英国导演丹尼博伊尔所执导拍摄。于2009年贫民窟的百万富翁得到奥斯卡金像奖十项提名，并荣获了8个奖项，成

6、为2008年电影界的大赢家。关于该电影的阐释，不少学者做出了卓有成效的探索，但这些研究多从语言特点和拍摄技巧方面着眼于解读电影的主题和成功之处等，宿命论是影片贫民窟的百万富翁创作思想的一个重要方面，作品中关于人物命运的描写对此表现得尤为突出。该如何正确理解影片中渗透的宗教思想，残酷的宿命与黑暗的现实，这是值得我们深思的问题。本论文主要论述这一宿命论思想的形成原因，并对其在这部影片创作中的人物设定和情节安排中的必然性、偶然性以及创造性进行了分析，其表达的并不是一种纯粹的宿命论思想，而是借宿命论来达到社会批判的目的，通过主人公的苦难经历对社会呐喊，引起世人对人性的思考以及美国梦的讽刺。关键词：贫民

7、窟的百万富翁；宿命论；爱情观；批判contentsabstracti摘要ii1. introduction11.1 rationale11.2 aim and objectives11.3 organization of the paper22. literature review32.1 studies on fatalism32.1.1 definition of fatalism32.1.2 foreign and domestic study on fatalism32.2 brief introduction about slumdog millionaire42.3 foreign

8、 and domestic study on slumdog millionaire43. the causes of fatalistic colors in slumdog millionaire63.1 family environment63.2 collective education63.3 social culture74. fatalism in marriage decisions84.1 the encouragement in love attitude towards actor84.2 the conditioning in love attitude towards

9、 actress85. the manifestation of fatalism in plot arrangement105.1 the living conditions in the slum105.2 an unattainable dream105.3 the unequal status115.3.1 the conceited, self-satisfied white people115.3.2 the destitute jamal115.4 the loyalty and betrayal of salim116. conclusion136.1 major findin

10、gs136.2 limitations and suggestions14references15acknowledgements171. introduction1.1 rationaleaccording to oxford advanced learners english-chinese dictionary 6th edition (2004:626), fatalism is the belief that events are decided by fate and that you cannot control them; the fact of accepting that

11、you cannot prevent something from happening.in 19th century charles darwins theory of evolution is to break the traditional philosophy and theology on god and the human concept of idealism so that it is rising out of the gloom and melancholy of the new concepts of natural philosophy. in front of the

12、 vast universe, under the influence of genetic factors and life environment, people cannot master their own destiny, and even feel powerless.xu jiangang (2009) states that fatalism, as a concept of destiny, does have its negative influence. mankind itself is a living in a world of immeasurable natur

13、al forces to control small fraction of the endless, repetitive evolution process. at the same time, natural cruelty is also a new understanding of the natural philosophy. human in front of nature must compete to survive, and the destruction of a small number of people is inevitably sacrificed in the

14、 course of human progress. fatalism is changing over from irrationality to rationality. whether gods control destiny or environment impacts fate, people in the face of powerful forces are always helpless.fatalism is in general the view which holds that all events in the history of the world, and, in

15、 particular, the actions and incidents which make up the story of each individual life, are determined by fate. the theory takes many forms, or, rather, its essential feature of an antecedent force rigidly predetermining all occurrences enters in one shape or another into many theories of the univer

16、se. sometimes in the ancient world fate was conceived as an iron necessity in the nature of things, overruling and controlling the will and power of the gods themselves. sometimes it was explained as the inexorable decree of the gods directing the course of the universe; sometimes it was personified

17、 as a particular divinity, the goddess or goddesses of destiny. their function was to secure that each mans lot, share, or part should infallibly come to him (maher, m. 1909).1.2 aim and objectivesin this dissertation, slumdog millionaire is not just a film about 20 million rupee quiz competition, n

18、ot just about a tough life of 18-year-old orphan but is a film with fatalistic color which describes the social experience of hero in india through ten brief but slashing questions. moreover, it puts traumata and robustness, corruption and struggle, hesitation and dauntless, contradiction and demure

19、 into a 120-mintue film so that it can focus world attention squarely on the thinking of human nature and fantasy of the american dream by representing the values in different social classes. fatalism is a valuable aspect of creation in the movie slumdog millionaire which describes about the fate of

20、 the characters is particularly highlighted. this is a problem worthy of our serious consideration: how to correctly understand the infiltration of religious thought, the cruel fate and dark reality in the film? the purpose of the present study is to analyze necessity, contingency and creativity in

21、plot arrangement from the perspective of fatalism setting and characters in the film, and to discuss the causes of a fatalistic ideas and its performance analysis in creation. its expression takes fatalism to criticize the society and pay attention to the suffering through the experience of the prot

22、agonist.1.3 organization of the paperthis paper is divided into six chapters. chapter one serves as an overall introduction to the rationale and aim of the study. chapter two is an overview of the theories and studies related to fatalism and slumdog millionaire. chapter three describes the causes of

23、 fatalistic colors in slumdog millionaire, including collective education, family environment and social culture. in chapter four the fatalism in marriage decisions will be presented and discussed objectively and in detail. and, chapter five is to highlight the manifestation of fatalism in plot arra

24、ngement. finally, chapter six is devoted to the conclusion which we will put forward the major findings and limitations of the study.2. literature reviewin this chapter, we will briefly introduce the theories and studies concerning fatalism and slumdog millionaire.2.1 studies on fatalism2.1.1 defini

25、tion of fatalismfatalism has already been one of weltanschauung for a long time which believes that the history of the development is decided by the inevitable supernatural powers. what is the significance of fatalism? fatalism is a belief that events are determined by fate. fatalism is a belief tha

26、t we have to accept the outcome of events, and that we cannot do anything that will change the outcome because events are determined by something over which we have no control. furthermore, modern western culture art dictionary (1996:198) concludes the following:the theory that certain future events

27、 must occur regardless of you present actions or choices. strictly speaking, fatalism removes ethical concerns from human actions, for fate indifferently assigns each person to the predetermined course of events, the greeks held to the idea of the allotment, by the moirai, to each individual at birt

28、h of certain quantity of misfortune that he or she must endure. the romans saw their gods spinning human destiny. in islamic belief everything is ruled by an inexorable fate, called kismet. it is important to distinguish between fate and chance. if fate is conceived to be operative, any event, howev

29、er independent of the actions of merits of an individual, is the result of an impersonal force predetermining it. if chance is believed to be operative, the event is the working of coincidence rather than of fate. although fatalism often coincides with a belief in predestination, as in calvinism or

30、islamic belief, it does not necessarily entail the existence of a purposive agent through whose decree the necessary events occur; it merely assert that these necessary events are inevitable.2.1.2 foreign and domestic study on fatalism collecting data from academic advising sessions, richard holton

31、(2009) contrasts fatalism and determinism and reveals that if any pays diligently obtains with the same result, determinism is one form of the fatalism. hugh rice (2010) compares the different reading in fatalism, such as the theology of aristotles logical fatalism and the god of fatalism, thinking

32、about fatalism that can not be generalized. the domestic scholars also have the massive research about fatalism. wu longhuan (2005) explains the essence of the religious reason, the social reality, the pardoned crime and the human imperfect through flannery oconnors representative works projected fr

33、om a good man is hard to find in the rich fatalism plot and image. throughout developing process in fatalism, zhang xue (2008) divides it into two stages, non-rational and the rational, to analyze the differences and common ground of fatalism through the mystical tendency fatalism in the king di pus

34、i and the naturalism fatalism both in tess of the durberv and sister carrie. meanwhile, bao chuanliang (2011) has demonstrated fatalism components in haruki murakami novel kafka on the shore from the plot and the result, as well as the linguistic and vocabulary style. li meiju (2011) elaborates the

35、cause of hardys fatalism, and has carried on the analysis to it in the creations performance of tess of the durberv.2.2 brief introduction about slumdog millionairedirector danny boyle has created a film that should resonate with slumdogs and upperclass, easterners and westerners alike. it is one of

36、 the most exciting, entertaining, funny, moving and best films of 2008. the film is about the indian version of the hit tv show “who wants to be a millionaire?” in this film, dev patel plays jamal malik, a former mumbai street-kid who has a job making tea at a call centre. he astonishes all of india

37、 by entering the show as a contestant and triumphantly getting question after question right. is he a fraud, a savant genius? or is something weird going on? his amazing winning streak means he has to come back the next evening for the final big-money question and overnight he is brutally interrogat

38、ed by mumbai cops convinced he is a cheat. they take him through each of the questions he got right, and jamals life story unfolds in flashback as our hero reveals that each question. besides, various characters determine his fate: his gangster brother salim (madhur mittal), the love of his life lat

39、ika (freida pinto) and prem (anil kapoor), the creepy quizmaster himself, who has his own interest in jamals staggering success.despite the extravagant drama and some demonstrations of the savagery meted out to indias street children, this is a cheerfully undemanding and unreflective film with a vis

40、ion of india that, if not touristy exactly, is certainly an outsiders view; it depends for its full enjoyment on not being taken too seriously.2.3 foreign and domestic study on slumdog millionaireon the study of the film slumdog millionaire, some researchers, such as huang jiafeng (2009) and gao min

41、gzhen, and li qingqing (2010), have engaged in generalizing that the films success lies in the perfect cooperation of writer and director, the ingenious narrative style and the impressive characterization. furthermore, the study of wang liping and yang baohua (2010) has found that life is as a copy

42、while this film presents us the mirror image is like a fairy tale.in addition, xing shuna (2009) has explored the illusive nature of american dream, which indicates this is not only the current financial crisis to batter the dream choice for people but also the american people to pursue the american

43、 dream. liu li (2011) analyzes the film is to hit poverty, violence, religion and other sensitive issues in india. beside, bernard beck (2009) and slawomir magala (2010) have conducted the analytical study to the movie cultural connotation, mapping out their thought-provoking question: why reality w

44、ill always make us feel so embarrassed? injustice, inequality, cacophony of sounds has been in bitter pursuit. fareed zakaria (2009) has pointed out the indian people discontent the portrait from india slum-life in the film by interviewing the movie director boyle.judging from the above literature m

45、aterials, many scholars have made the fruitful studies on the interpretation of the film, but most of these studies focus on the linguistic features, shooting techniques, the interpretation of the films theme and successes, which are permeating the identity of the author and the impact of production

46、 processes. this paper attempts to analyze the social problems experienced in slumdog millionaire, explore how people value a correct view of human nature and moral equality, and pursue a truly beautiful world.3. the causes of fatalistic colors in slumdog millionairein this chapter, the causes of fa

47、talistic colors in slumdog millionaire used in the study will be described in terms of family environment, collective education, and social culture. 3.1 family environmenthuman are the mutual influence that create the environment while the environment affects them. children, in particular, are not m

48、ature to discern things whether it is good for themselves or not. meanwhile, they are vulnerable to outside influences. any uncivilized words and deeds or backwardness thought can let them be imperceptibly influenced by constantly seeing and hearing. finally they might form the ingrained habits of a

49、 lifetime.family is a cell of society which is small but the structure is very actually complex. family members, the relationship among family members, housing conditions, economic status, social status, relatives and friends, etc., constitute a complex and lively family environment. family environm

50、ent for childrens growth is very significant. on strengthening and improving the ideological and moral education of minors, school, family and society play a vital role, especially the role of family.the film, at the beginning, presents a rather india color scene: the wigwam is broken, the children

51、are in rags and run in flanerie. the host jamal malik is a poor guy who just has a few days at school and comes from the slum. though he dose not have a good education background, and plays in the streets and lanes in the slum all day, he never ever lack for innocence and persistence. in order to me

52、et with the idol amitabh bachchan and obtain his genuine signature, jamal frantically jumps into the pit. this has manifested the faith that the host holds and simultaneously is suggesting his destiny.jamals mother is a poor but noble and graceful lady. to save her children in a religious conflict,

53、she is killed by those invaders in the laundry pool. salim and jamal finally escape from the clutches of the enemy, but she never left the dirty pool. how shocking the selfless love it is! this has also affected jamal on the interpretation of human nature and love. mothers death seems to tell jamal

54、that this is her destiny and nobody can change it.3.2 collective educationhumans education is a systematic education project. it includes family education, social education, collective (nurseries and kindergartens, schools) education, which are interrelated and organic combination, mutual influence,

55、 interaction and restraint. this education project is impossible to live without each other. and in the troubled slum, education is a luxury thing, not to mention the topflight hardware facilities.the three musketeers is a story about love, adultery, friendship, loyalty and betrayal. their primary s

56、chool textbooks are the three musketeers, but the religious conflict hit and destroys their families before salim and jamal have time to read. latika, “the third musketeers” has joined. alexandre dumass novel the three musketeers spreads throughout the film. it is very vivid setting, and also for th

57、is cruel movie endows with the legendary temperament. salim, latika and jamal call themselves the three musketeers” in their childhood, however, in fact, they never know what the three musketeers are. they are not in a simmer of distress without any advantages of education. perhaps in this place, to

58、 pursue survival is their fate.3.3 social culturei think that, for a country or nation, one of the most important things is cultural, and then the following are the system, and the quality of people. as a person, the culture refinement is his soul, who without that is as good as dead.in a religious conflict, jamal looks helpless at the moment when his mother has become the innocent victim. however police turn their blind eyes to these evil doers and evil deeds. directo