合同法英文教案

1、蒇薈羆膄蕿螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁螄膁薃蚄肃膀芃袀罿腿莅蚂袅腿蒇袈螁膈薀蚁聿芇艿蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂袇芄芄螇螃芃莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁薈袄芁芀螄螀莀莃薇聿荿蒅螂羄莈蚇薅羀莇莇袀袆羄葿蚃螂羃薁衿肁羂芁蚂羇羁莃袇袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀薈蒃肈聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薂螆袆肆节蕿螂肅莄螅肀肅蒇薈羆膄蕿螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁螄膁薃蚄肃膀芃袀罿腿莅蚂袅腿蒇袈螁膈薀蚁聿芇艿蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂袇芄芄螇螃芃莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁薈袄芁芀螄螀莀莃薇聿荿蒅螂羄莈蚇薅羀莇莇袀袆羄葿蚃螂羃薁衿肁羂芁蚂羇羁莃袇袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀薈蒃肈聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薂螆袆肆节蕿螂肅莄螅肀肅蒇薈羆膄蕿螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁螄膁薃蚄肃膀芃袀罿腿莅蚂袅腿蒇袈螁膈薀蚁聿芇艿蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅

2、蒄蒂袇芄芄螇螃芃莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁薈袄芁芀螄螀莀莃薇聿荿蒅螂羄莈蚇薅羀莇莇袀袆羄葿蚃螂羃薁衿肁羂芁蚂羇羁莃袇袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀薈蒃肈聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薂螆袆肆节蕿螂肅莄螅肀肅蒇薈羆膄蕿螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁螄膁薃蚄肃膀芃袀罿腿莅蚂袅腿蒇袈螁膈薀蚁聿芇艿蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂袇芄芄螇螃芃莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁薈袄芁芀螄螀莀莃薇聿荿蒅螂羄莈蚇薅羀莇莇袀袆羄葿蚃螂羃薁衿肁羂芁蚂羇羁莃袇袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀薈蒃肈聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薂螆袆肆节蕿螂肅莄螅肀肅蒇薈羆膄蕿螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁螄膁薃蚄肃膀芃袀罿腿莅蚂袅腿蒇袈螁膈薀蚁聿芇艿蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂袇芄芄螇螃芃莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁薈袄芁芀螄螀莀莃薇聿荿蒅螂羄莈蚇薅羀莇莇袀袆羄葿蚃螂羃

3、薁衿肁羂芁蚂羇羁莃袇袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀薈蒃肈聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薂螆袆肆节蕿螂肅莄螅肀肅蒇薈羆膄蕿螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁螄膁薃蚄肃膀芃袀罿腿莅蚂袅腿蒇袈螁膈薀蚁聿芇艿蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂袇芄芄螇螃芃莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁薈袄芁芀螄螀莀莃薇聿荿蒅螂羄莈蚇薅羀莇莇袀袆羄葿蚃螂羃薁衿肁羂芁蚂羇羁莃袇袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀薈蒃肈聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薂螆袆肆节蕿螂肅莄螅肀肅蒇薈羆膄蕿螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁螄膁薃蚄肃膀芃袀罿腿莅蚂袅腿蒇袈螁膈薀蚁聿芇艿蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂袇芄芄螇螃芃莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁薈袄芁芀螄螀莀莃薇聿荿蒅螂羄莈蚇薅羀莇莇袀袆羄葿蚃螂羃薁衿肁羂芁蚂羇羁莃袇袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀薈蒃肈聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薂螆袆肆节蕿螂肅莄螅肀肅蒇薈羆膄

4、蕿螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁螄膁薃蚄肃膀芃袀罿腿莅蚂袅腿蒇袈螁膈薀蚁聿芇艿蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂袇芄芄螇螃芃莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁薈袄芁芀螄螀莀莃薇聿荿蒅螂羄莈蚇薅羀莇莇袀袆羄葿蚃螂羃薁衿肁羂芁蚂羇羁莃袇袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀薈蒃肈聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薂螆袆肆节蕿螂肅莄螅肀肅蒇薈羆膄蕿螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁螄膁薃蚄肃膀芃袀罿腿莅蚂袅腿蒇袈螁膈薀蚁聿芇艿蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂袇芄芄螇螃芃莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁薈袄芁芀螄螀莀莃薇聿荿蒅螂羄莈蚇薅羀莇莇袀袆羄葿蚃螂羃薁衿肁羂芁蚂羇羁莃袇袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀薈蒃肈聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薂螆袆肆节蕿螂肅莄螅肀肅蒇薈羆膄蕿螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁螄膁薃蚄肃膀芃袀罿腿莅蚂袅腿蒇袈螁膈薀蚁聿芇艿蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂袇芄

5、芄螇螃芃莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁薈袄芁芀螄螀莀莃薇聿荿蒅螂羄莈蚇薅羀莇莇袀袆羄葿蚃螂羃薁衿肁羂芁蚂羇羁莃袇袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀薈蒃肈聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薂螆袆肆节蕿螂肅莄螅肀肅蒇薈羆膄蕿螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁螄膁薃蚄肃膀芃袀罿腿莅蚂袅腿蒇袈螁膈薀蚁聿芇艿蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂袇芄芄螇螃芃莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁薈袄芁芀螄螀莀莃薇聿荿蒅螂羄莈蚇薅羀莇莇袀袆羄葿蚃螂羃薁衿肁羂芁蚂羇羁莃袇袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀薈蒃肈聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薂螆袆肆节蕿螂肅莄螅肀肅蒇薈羆膄蕿螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁螄膁薃蚄肃膀芃袀罿腿莅蚂袅腿蒇袈螁膈薀蚁聿芇艿蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂袇芄芄螇螃芃莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁薈袄芁芀螄螀莀莃薇聿荿蒅螂羄莈蚇薅羀莇莇袀袆羄葿蚃螂羃薁衿肁羂

6、芁蚂羇羁莃袇袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀薈蒃肈聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薂螆袆肆节蕿螂肅莄螅肀肅蒇薈羆膄蕿螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁螄膁薃蚄肃膀芃袀罿腿莅蚂袅腿蒇袈螁膈薀蚁聿芇艿蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂袇芄芄螇螃芃莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁薈袄芁芀螄螀莀莃薇聿荿蒅螂羄莈蚇薅羀莇莇袀袆羄葿蚃螂羃薁衿肁羂芁蚂羇羁莃袇袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀薈蒃肈聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薂螆袆肆节蕿螂肅莄螅肀肅蒇薈羆膄蕿螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁螄膁薃蚄肃膀芃袀罿腿莅蚂袅腿蒇袈螁膈薀蚁聿芇艿蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂袇芄芄螇螃芃莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁薈袄芁芀螄螀莀莃薇聿荿蒅螂羄莈蚇薅羀莇莇袀袆羄葿蚃螂羃薁衿肁羂芁蚂羇羁莃袇袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀薈蒃肈聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薂螆袆肆节蕿螂肅莄螅肀肅蒇薈羆膄蕿螃袂膃

7、艿薆螈膂莁螁螄膁薃蚄肃膀芃袀罿腿莅蚂袅腿蒇袈螁膈薀蚁聿芇艿蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂袇芄芄螇螃芃莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁薈袄芁芀螄螀莀莃薇聿荿蒅螂羄莈蚇薅羀莇莇袀袆羄葿蚃螂羃薁衿肁羂芁蚂羇羁莃袇袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀薈蒃肈聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薂螆袆肆节蕿螂肅莄螅肀肅蒇薈羆膄蕿螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁螄膁薃蚄肃膀芃袀罿腿莅蚂袅腿蒇袈螁膈薀蚁聿芇艿蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂袇芄芄螇螃芃莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁薈袄芁芀螄螀莀莃薇聿荿蒅螂羄莈蚇薅羀莇莇袀袆羄葿蚃螂羃薁衿肁羂芁蚂羇羁莃袇袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀薈蒃肈聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薂螆袆肆节蕿螂肅莄螅肀肅蒇薈羆膄蕿螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁螄膁薃蚄肃膀芃袀罿腿莅蚂袅腿蒇袈螁膈薀蚁聿芇艿蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂袇芄芄螇螃芃

8、莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁薈袄芁芀螄螀莀莃薇聿荿蒅螂羄莈蚇薅羀莇莇袀袆羄葿蚃螂羃薁衿肁羂芁蚂羇羁莃袇袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀薈蒃肈聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薂螆袆肆节蕿螂肅莄螅肀肅蒇薈羆膄蕿螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁螄膁薃蚄肃膀芃袀罿腿莅蚂袅腿蒇袈螁膈薀蚁聿芇艿蒄羅芆莂肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄

9、螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅

10、袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅

11、袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃

12、袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄

13、羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄

14、羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂

15、羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃

16、蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄

17、蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁

18、螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂

19、螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃

20、螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁

21、袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁

22、袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂

23、袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀

24、羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀

25、羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁

26、肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅罿蒁螂袈膅莇螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿莇袂肆膅莆羄芁蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆芀芆蒃袈肂膂蒂羁袅薀蒁螀肁蒆蒁袃羄莂蒀羅腿芈葿

27、蚅羂膄蒈螇膇蒃薇衿羀荿薆羂膆芅薅蚁羈膁薅袄膄膇薄羆肇蒅薃蚆节莁薂螈肅芇薁袀芁膃蚀羂肃蒂虿蚂袆莈虿螄肂芄蚈羇袄芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆蝿羃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚄羃羁芇螄蚃膇膃螃螅 -+chapter 1 general introduction 1.1 the concept of contract 1.1.1 the definition of contractcontract, under article 2(1) of the contract law, is “ an agreement whereby natural persons, legal persons or other organizations

28、, as equal parties, establish, modify and extinguish relationships of civil rights and duties”.first, contract is an” agreement”. the notion of agreement means that the legal effect of contract arises from the will of the parties , rather than from operation of state law or policy.second, the partie

29、s that can enter into a contract are natural persons, legal persons or other organizations.third, the parties to a contract are “ equal parties”.fourth, contract is an agreement establishing, modifying and extinguishing “ relationships of civil rights and duties”. this element defines the content of

30、 contract.1.1.2 contract as civil juristic actin civil law theory, contract is seen as a type of civil juristic act.in order for a civil juristic act to bring about the intended legal consequences, it must satisfy the following requirements:a. the actor has the relevant capacity for civil act.b. the

31、 intention declared is true; and c. the act does not violate the law or the public interest.1.1.3 contract and obligation in chinese law, obligation may arise from the following causes:a. contract;b. tortc. unjust enrichment d. management without mandate: and e. other causes provided for by law(such

32、 as precontractual liability).1.2 development of contract law in china1.2.1 contract law in ancient chinaancient chinese law was dominated by criminal codes, and the law dealing with private contracts or other civil transactions was comparatively underdeveloped.during long periods of history in anci

33、ent china, rules of conduct on private relationships were for the most part embodied in conventional rites(li) and customs.1.2.2 contract law in the late qing and nationalist periodsmodern contract law legislation did not start in china until the first decade of the 20th century and the development

34、of contract law was part of the civil codification during the time. with the development of political crises and economic conditions in china, the imperial government of the qing dynasty decreed in 1902 to start the reform of its legal system.1.2.3 contract law of the prc before 1999with the proclam

35、ation of the prc in 1949, the poc civil code was abolished together with all other nationalist laws.in 1978, contract law in china received new life and modern contract law in china started sustained development .1.2.4 the 1999 contract law in the view of the legislators and legal scholars, the exis

36、ting “ tripodal” regime of contract law was unacceptable and must be replaced by a unified contract law.several principles were also adopted as guidelines for the drafting of the contract law. firstly, the new law should be a unified and comprehensive law on contract. secondly, the new law should ca

37、ter to the continuity and stability of law.thirdly, the new law should be based on chinas actual conditions and should use the beneficial experience of foreign countries.in 1998 the draft contract law was published on the national media and invited comments from the public at large.the contract law

38、came into effect on 1 october 1999 whereupon the three pre-exiting contract law were repealed.1.3 the structure and application of the contract lawthe contract law consists of three part . the first part on general provisions (zongze) has 129 articles in eight chapters. the general provisions apply

39、to all contracts. the specific provisions apply only to the particular types of contract specified therein. there are 15 types of contracts set forth in the specific provisions, some of which are further divided into a number of sub-types of contract.the second part on specific provisions (fenze) ha

40、s 298 articles in 15 chapters. it is obvious that the specific provisions cannot possibly cover all types of contracts that are made in practice. some types of contracts are governed by other laws, such as insurance contract (governed by insurance law) and security contract (governed by security law

41、). others are not governed by any law at all, such as contract for travel service, contract for medical service and contract for school education or training. the principle of freedom of contract allows the parties to determine freely the terms of a contract. article 124 of the contract law deals wi

42、th the question, providing, “if no express provision for a particular contract is made in the specific provisions of this law or in other laws, the general provisions of this law apply, and reference may be made to the specific provisions of this law or the provisions of any other law that most clos

43、ely correspond to that contract. the third part on supplementary provisions (fuze) has only one article. chapter 2 sources of law and fundamental principles of contract lawthe chapter deals with tow topics of crucial relevance to the study and practice of chinese contract law. the first part present

44、s a detailed analysis of the sources of law in china as relevant to contract law. the second part studies several fundamental principles of chinese contract law : their meanings , rationales and applications. 2.1 sources of law2.1.1 introduction 2.1.2 laws 2.1.3 administrative regulations the state

45、council, the highest executive organ in china, is empowered to enact, administrative regulations ( xingzheng fagui) in accordance with the constitution and the law. administrative regulations deal with matters that are necessary fro carrying out laws and for exercising the power of administration th

46、at the state council enjoys under the constitution.2.1.4 authoritative interpretation authoritative interpretation of law and regulations constitutes a significant part of chinese law . the constitution confers the power of interpretation of laws on the npcsc.2.1.4.1 legislative interpretationthe np

47、csc has the power to interpret laws, but has so far only exercised that power sparingly. legislative interpretation of the law by the npcsc has the same effect as the law itself.2.1.4.2 judicial interpretation the peoples courts , which resolve legal disputes on a routine basis, encounter questions

48、of interpretation most directly and frequently. 2.1.4.3 administrative interpretation the power to interpret administrative regulations is vested in the state council.2.1.5 treaties in the area of contract law, international treaties which china has ratified or acceded to , except for those provisio

49、ns that china has made reservations on, are sources of law. 2.1.6 case lawas a general point, judicial decisions in concrete cases ( as opposed to judicial interpretations given in an abstract context ) do not constitute binding law for the future.2.1.7 custom custom ( xigun) is recognized as a sour

50、ce of law in many civil law countries.2.1.8 general principles of lawin the absence of statutory law and custom, general principles of law may be applied in resolving civil cases.2.1.9state policy 2.1.10foreign law and international practicesstatutes and cases of foreign countries are of course not

51、part of chinese law. but foreign laws and international conventions are frequently examined when the legislature drafts new law.2.2 fundamental principles of contract law2.2.1 introduction the contract law, like may other chinese laws, contains certain fundamental principles of law in its opening pa

52、rt. fundamental principles of law represent the underlying policies on the basis of which the legislature formulates the more specific provisions of the law, and their effect can be perceived throughout the law. fundamental principles serve as guidelines for the legislature in enacting more specific

53、 legal rules and for the jurists in studying the law. they are also rules of conduct of the parties who must follow those principles in the absence of specific legal rules . the courts must look to the fundamental principles to guide their interpretation of the law and may apply them to specific cas

54、e s where the law fails to prescribe specific rules.2.2.2 the principle of freedom of contract in the pre-reform period, economic contracts under contralised planning were considered tools for fulfilling the state plan, and the mandatory nature of the state plan deprived the parties of their freedom

55、 of contract. the principle of freedom of contract is expressed in the contract law in three articles. 2.2.3the principle of equality article 3 of the contract law provides , “ contracting parties are equal in their legal status, and no party may impose his own will upon the other party.” the affirm

56、ation of the equality of legal status is a well-established principle in chinese civil and commercial law.2.2.4the principle of voluntarinessarticle 4 of the contract law provides, “ parties enjoy, according to law, the right to voluntarily conclude contracts, and no work unit or individual may ille

57、gally intervene therein.” the principle of voluntariness reflects the basic feature of civil laws and is a unique principle that distinguishes civil legal relationships from administrative and criminal legal relationships. it is also the objective requirement for the development of the socialist mar

58、ket economy. parties are entitled to conclude contracts according to their own will . but this right should be exercised according to law, and the content and procedure for the conclusion of contracts should comply with the laws and administrative regulations.2.2.5the principle of pacta sunt servand

59、afreedom of contract would be meaningless if the contract that the parties conclude freely is not legally binding and enforceable. contract concluded according to law are legally binding on the parties. the parties shall perform their respective duties in accordance with the agreement and may not unilaterally modify or terminate the contract. the principle of pact