(完整word)阅读理解新课标版高三英语教案教学设计

1、 阅读理解(新课标版高三英语教案教学设计)（共3 课时）张远哲教学内容：阅读理解的解题指导及相关练习。三维目标：、（1） 知识目标：了解阅读理解的命题特点、解题方法及技巧。（2） 能力目标：熟练掌握阅读理解的考核项目及解题思路、备考策略。（3） 情感目标：揭开阅读理解的神秘面纱，使学生树立信心，从容应对。教学重点：阅读理解的解题方法及技巧。教学难点：如何从对整篇文章的把握，对特定细节以及复杂句子的理解方面提高学生的归纳、推理、判断能力，选出最佳选项。教学方法：演绎归纳法。通过对此题型的讲解和归纳，使学生能够更容易从方法上去把握，从练习中去体会其解题的规律。教学课时：34 课时教学用具：多媒体课

2、件；黑板；教学过程：step 1 introduction2007 年广东省高考英语阅读理解题的考查目的:高考阅读理解要求考生在 20 分钟左右的时间内，完成对三篇不同题材、体裁文章的理解。另外，今年还增加了信息匹配题。要求考生在 5 分钟左右的时间内，完成对一篇文章有关信息的筛选和匹配。阅读理解考查的不仅是考生对整篇文章的把握能力，还考查了他们快速捕捉信息、准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的能力；考生不仅要理解文章的表层意思，更重要的是要通过文章的表层去合理推断、挖掘文章的隐含意义、延伸意义。这是对考生能力、智力、心理的一个综合检验。阅读理解的好坏在很大程度上决定着英语考试成绩。1 2007 年

3、广东省高考英语阅读理解题的命题形式高考阅读理解试题的类型主要分为四种：细节理解题、推理判断题、猜测词义题和主旨大意题。它们常见的提问形式如下：（1） 细节理解题常见的提问形式which of the following (statements) is true/not true?according to the passage, who(what, where ,when, why, how, etc,)?the following are mentioned except_?why does the author say?where in the passage does the autho

4、r describe?(2) 推理判断题常见的提问形式the writer implies that_it can be inferred from the passage that_it suggests that_it can be included from the passage that_we can draw a conclusion that_we can learn from the passage that_(3)猜测词义题常见的提问形式the underlined word “hit”( in paragraph 1) probably means_what does th

5、e underlined part“reimburse you” probably mean?by saying “it is all worth it” in the last paragraph ,the author means that _(4)主旨大意题常见的提问形式what is the main idea of the passage?the best title for the passage might be_the main purpose of the passage is to _2 the passage mainly tells us /is mainly abou

6、t_step 2 main content*阅读理解解题技巧我们结合英语周报高三广州专版第 30,31 期的专题复习内容研以及配套的例题分析(见英语周报),针对高考阅读理解的四种主要题型,给学生做解题策略指导和技巧总结.1.如何快速、准确地捕捉信息词句，做好细节理解题策略指导：先浏览一遍题目，把题目的要求储存在大脑中，带着疑问去快速阅读，然后找出与题目相关的信息词句加以理解分析，去伪存真。此种办法能有效地避免做细节理解题时的失误。【技巧总结】准确捕捉信息，注意对信息进行综合分析，分清主次、真伪，避免受信息的干扰，陷入高考题所设下的陷阱，误选干扰项，因为某些干扰选项在文章中也能找到依据，具有很强

7、的迷惑性。2. 如何进行推理判断，做好推理判断题策略指导：深层含义通常是隐藏在文字背后的延伸之意，弦外之音，如作者的意图、倾向、语气，人物的性格、心理、情感，故事的结局，事情的因果关系等。因此大家需调动自己的逻辑思维能力，透过字里行间，去严密推理，合理想象。【技巧总结】隐含信息并非空穴来风， 而是有源之水，即隐含信息也是以文章的语言为载体。大家应准确捕捉信息，调动智力因素，严密推理，合理想象，忌 凭空想象 或断章取义。在阅读理解中结合自己的常识进行判断是必要的，但决不能以常识取代信息分析。推理判断既要严密，又要灵活。3. 如何进行词义的判断，做好语意理解题策略指导：首先从词汇所处的语境进行分析

8、，注意上下文之间的关系，如：如果出现 that is,that is to say 或破折号等，我们可以断定，后面的内容是对前面内容的解释；如果出现转折词 but, however, yet 以及表示相反结果的 on the contrary, on the other hand等，我们可以从所给内容相反的意义去考虑。【技巧总结】高考语意判断题很多都是考查旧词新义的理解。因此大家需把词汇或短句的字面意义与语境和上下文结合起来，选择最切合文章内容，最符合上下文逻辑的意义，切忌望文生义。4. 如何抓住文章的中心和主线，做好主旨大意题策略指导： 读完一篇短文后应有意识地回味一下文章的大致内容，理一理

9、文章的脉络，体会一下段与段之间的内在联系，这样做文章的中心一般都能概括出来, 涉及文章主旨大意方面的题目自然会在头脑中由模糊变清晰。【技巧总结】我们在归纳文章主题时，一定要注意选项的内涵和外延必须能恰如其分地概括文章的主题，既不能范围过大，也不能把某一细节或侧面误当作主题。阅读时我们还应注意捕捉文章出现频率较高的中心词汇以及文章和段落的主题句。在选择文章题目时，还应注意语言方面的特点：文章题目往往具有凝练、醒目的特点。3 5. 猜测词义题猜测词义是从特定的角度考查考生的阅读理解能力和处理生词的能力。猜测词义包括对词、词组和句意的理解，是高考英语试题阅读理解中的一类必考题。猜测词义题常见的解题方

10、法：（一）上下文线索猜测词义任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，也是高考的热点。如：if he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. i dont like to be with him.a. drunk b. sweating c. happy d. mistaken分析：根据 i dont like to be with him 我们感受到说话人的语气。我不愿意跟他在一起，那么，他要邀请我出去是不可能的 他就大错

11、特错了。因此答案 d。（二）根据定义或解释猜测词义阅读文章中的有些生词尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子，如 to be, that is , mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, tomean ,in other words 等，有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括号来表示。如：some ships carried cargo such as coal, oil and military supplies(军用物资),whileothers carried only passengers.分析：

12、 such as 后所列举物品均为“货物”，由此推断 cargo 的意思相同，和后面的passengers 形成对比。（三）. 根据反义词或反义关系有的文章作者为了增强表达效果，会用一对反义词揭示事物的不同点，形成鲜明的对比，这时只要把握其中的一词，就不难推出另一词的含义，这种句子多见unlike, although, but,yet, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, for one thing, for another, insteadof, rather than等信息词。如：one idea about business is tha

13、t it can be treated asa game of perfect information. quite the reverse, business polite, life itself isgames which we must normally play with very imperfect information.a. quite right. b. time enough. c. most unlike. d. just the opposite.分析：由前句中 perfect information 到后面 imperfect information 这一组对比关系的

14、词，我们可以推断应为“对比、相反”的意思。(四). 根据同义词或近义词关系常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有 or, like, similarly 等。如：millions of animals die each year on us roads, the highway administration reports.in fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat exist in the us today. themain reason? roadkill.分析：从后面的同位语 an endangered wild cat 可知“o

15、celot”是一种野生猫（五）利用例证性线索某些冷僻的词汇后面会举一个例子，使词汇具体易懂。等连接性词语往往用来举例说明前面较难理解的名词。如：you can take any of the periodicals: the world of english, foreign languageteaching in school, or english learning.分析：通过后面的例子：英语世界、中小学外语教学、英语学习，可知 periodicals为“期刊杂志”4 （六）根据构词法猜测词义阅读中常会遇到一些由所熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词，可利用构词法知识来推测其意思。如：exhibit

16、ion officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would needat least 80ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved.分析：antipoison 是由 poison 加前缀 anti-构成的，anti-意思是“反对、排斥、抵抗”，由此可猜出 anti-poison 是“解毒、抗毒”的意思。5. 结构复杂的长句子出现在阅读理解中往往造成大家心理上的紧张，有时读了好几遍还不知道句子的意思，白白浪费了时间,如何对待阅读理解中的长句子?策略指导：阅读理解中的结构复杂的句

17、子一般分为两大类：第一类是由复合句或并列句构成的长复杂句子；第二类是省略句。对于第一类句子，大家应抓其主干成分，理解其主体意思，其他的成分都是对主体意思的修饰和补充。对于第二类句子，大家应通过上下文找出省略成分，把句子补充完整。【技巧总结】结构复杂的句子往往出现在说明文或议论文中，这是造成考生心理紧张的主要原因。大家应冷静下来，结合文章所说明或议论的中心话题，抓住主干，层层理解。6.信息匹配题主要考察学生的速读能力，即在有限的时间内理解、总结信息并且能快速找到相关的信息的能力。学生要学会寻读（scan），抓关键信息，然后进行匹配。step 3 homework and consolidatio

18、n exercises1. 英语周报高三广州专版第 30,31 期的专题复习内容。2. 英语周报高三广州专版第 33-34 期的 2007 年高考英语模拟试题（一 ）（十二）一共 12 套。3. 2006 年和 2007 年全国各地的英语高考试题中的阅读理解。补充材料：阅读理解应测试的能力阅读理解旨在考查考生理解总体和特定信息的能力。1. 理解主旨要义的能力任何一篇文章都有一个主旨要义。有时从文章的第一个段落甚至第一个句子即可以得出文章的主旨要义。从这个段落或句子，读者可以知道文章描述的是谁或什么即文章的主题，也会了解作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。有时，文章的主旨要义则需要从文章的字里行

19、间进行推断。这类试题主要考查考生的略读文章、领会大意的能力，有时候它对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。2. 理解文中具体细节信息的能力一篇文章的主题和中心确定之后，还需要有大量的细节信息支持。这些细节对于理解全文的内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础，因而不容忽视。3. 根据上下文猜测生词的词义的能力正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础。不懂得单词的含义根本就谈不上理解文章。但是，有时候英语单词的含义并非等同于词典上标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同的语境会有所不同。根据上下文正确理解灵活多变的词义，5 才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。4. 做

20、出简单判断和推理的能力在实际阅读活动中，有时候需要根据文章提供的线索和事实，进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事情发生的可能性。5. 理解文章的基本结构的能力英语文章讲究主题段和主题句。主题段通常在文章的开头，主题句可能在某一段的开头、中间或结尾，作用是交代该段的中心思想，再由全段展开或讨论这个意思。段与段之间通常有词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯。如果希望准确、深刻地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握住全文的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。对这种能力的考查一般反映在文章的中心思想、文中某段的大意或指代关系的题目中。6. 理解作者的意图和态度的能力每篇文章都有一个特定的写

21、作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是愉悦读者，或是讲授某个道理。而这些信息通常不是明确表达出来，而是隐含在文章之中。因此，这类问题要求考生在理解文章总体的基础之上，去领会作者的眼外之意。下面结合 2007 年广东高考阅读理解试题，具体分析对这些能力的考查：ahow should one invest a sum of money in these days of inflation 通( 货膨胀)? leftin a bank it will hardly keep its value, however high the interest rate. only a braveman, or a

22、 very rich one, dares to buy and sell on the stock market. today it seemsthat one of the best ways to protect your saving and even increase your wealth isto buy beautiful objects from the past. here i am going to offer some advice oncollecting antique clocks, which i personally consider are among th

23、e mostinteresting of antiques.i sometimes wonder what a being from another planet might report back about our wayof life. the planet earth is ruled by a mysterious creature that sits or standsin a room and makes a strange ticking sound, it has a face with twelve black marksand two hands. men can do

24、nothing without its permission, and it fastens its younground peoples wrists so that everywhere men go they are still under its control.this creature is the real master of earth and men are its slaves. whether or notwe are slaves of time today depends on our culture and personality, but it is believ

25、edthat many years ago kings kept special slaves to tell the time. certain men werevery clever at measuring the time of day according to the beating of their own hearts.they were made to standin a fixed place and every hour or so would shout the time.so it seems that the first clocks were human being

26、s.however, men quickly found more convenient and reliable ways of telling the time.they learned to use the shadows cast by the sun. they marked the hours on candles,used sand in hourglasses, and invented water-clocks. indeed, any serious studentof antique should spend as much time as possible visiti

27、ng palaces, stately homesand museums to see some of the finest examples of clocks from the past.6 antique clocks could be very expensive, but one of the joys of collecting clocksis that it is still possible to find quite cheap ones for your own home. after all,if you are going to be ruled by time, w

28、hy not invest in an antique clock and perhapsmake a future profit?41. according to the passage, collecting antique clocks_.a. can hardly keep the value of your savingsb. will cost much of your savingsc. may increase your wealthd. needs your bravery42. by quoting (引用) the remark of a being from anoth

29、er planet, the author intendsto_.a. suggest human beings are controlled by a clockb. describe why clocks can rule the planet earthc. tell readers what clocks look liked. compare clocks to human beings43. which of the following is not mentioned as a way to measure the time?a. counting the beating of

30、ones own heart.b. making use of candles, sand and water.c. observing shadows cast by the sun.d. keeping slaves busy day and night.44. the underlined phrase stately homesin paragraph 4 means_.a. state-owned housesb. houses in very good conditionc. grand houses open to the publicd. houses where states

31、men meet regularly45. the purpose of the passage is_.a. to introduce the culture of antique clocksb. to offer some advice on collecting antique clocksc. to compare different ways to make a future profitd. to explain convenient and reliable ways of telling time导读 这是一篇叙议结合的散文。人们在通货膨胀的今天应该怎样投资一笔钱呢？存在银行

32、里，这笔钱几乎不能够保值，无论存款利息多么高。只有勇敢的人或是富有者才敢于在股票市场买卖。今天保护你的储蓄甚至增加你的财富最好方法之一似乎是购买过去遗传下来的漂亮的物品。因此，作者顺理成章地提出一些关于收藏古董闹钟的忠告，奉劝人们投资收藏古董闹钟以便将来盈利。key: 41. c 42. a 43. d 44. c 45. b41. c。细节事实理解题。收集闹钟可以增加你的财富。根据第1 段的句子：today it seemsthat one of the best ways to protect your saving and even increase your wealth isto b

33、uy beautiful objects from the past. here i am going to offer some advice oncollecting antique clocks, which i personally consider are among the mostinteresting of antiques. 今天保护你的储蓄甚至增加你的财富最好方法之一似乎是购买过去的漂亮的物品。这里我打算提供一些关于收集古董闹钟的忠告，我个人认为它们是最令7 人感兴趣的古董之一。再看最后一段最后一句：after all, if you are going to be rul

34、edby time, why not invest in an antique clock and perhaps make a future profit?别忘了，如果你打算受时间制约，请投资收藏古董闹钟以便将来盈利吧？42. a。深层含义理解题。作者引用外星人的话，目的是为了说明人类被闹钟所控制。根据第 2 段的引文意思：有时候我想知道一个外星人关于我们的生活方式可能会反馈回去的报告内容是什么。“地球这个行星被神秘的动物控制，这种动物坐在或站在一个房间里并发出一种奇怪的滴答声，它有一张脸，脸上有 12 个黑色的标记，还有两只手。如果没有它的命令人们什么事情也不做，并且它把它那年轻的圆圆的人

35、们的手腕系得紧紧地，这样，无论人们走到那里，都处于它的控制之下。这个动物是地球的真正的主人，人是它的” 奴隶。43. d。细节判断题。a 项与第 2 段的下列句子吻合：certain men were very clever atmeasuring the time of day according to the beating of their own hearts.; b 项与第 3 段的下列句子吻合：they marked the hours on candles, used sand in hourglasses, and inventedwater-clocks；c 项与第 3 段的

36、下列句子吻合：they learned to use the shadows cast bythe sun.；d 项的含义是：“让奴隶日夜忙碌”，这与第2 段的下列句子不一致：. but itis believed that many years ago kings kept special slaves to tell the time.但是人们相信许多年之前国王们畜养了专用的奴隶来辨别时间。44. c。词义猜测题。state-owned houses 国有的房子；houses in very good condition状况良好的房子；grand houses open to the pu

37、blic 对公众开放的宏伟的房子；houses wherestatesmen meet regularly 政治家们经常集会的房子。根据第 4 段的信息词 student,visiting palaces 和 museums 判断，认真研究古董的学生应该尽可能多花时间参观宫殿、宏伟的房子和博物馆，可以看见一些过去遗传下来的最精致的闹钟的珍品。45. b。写作意图题。作者的写作目的是为了提出一些关于收藏古董闹钟的忠告。见第 1 段句子：here i am going to offer some advice on collecting antique clocks, which ipersona

38、lly consider are among the most interesting of antiques.这里我打算提供一些关于收藏古董闹钟的忠告，我个人认为它们是最令人感兴趣的古董之一。bdo you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness, happiness, goodness, andself-respect? the collection of happiness actions broadly categorized as honorhelp you create this life of good feelings.

39、heres an example to show how honorable actions create happiness.say a store clerk fails to charge us for an item. if we keep silent, and profit fromthe clerks mistake, we would drive home with a sense of sneaky excitement. laterwe might tell our family or friends about our good fortune. on the other

40、 hand, ifwe tell the clerk about the uncharged item, the clerk would be grateful and thankus for our honesty. we would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor that we8 might never share with another soul.then, what is it to do with our sense of happiness?in the first case, where we dont tell the

41、 clerk, a couple of things would happen.deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief. in the process, we wouldlose some peace of mindand self-respect. we would also demonstrate that we cannotbe trusted, since we advertise our dishonor by telling our family and friends. wedamage our ow

42、n reputations by telling others. in contrast, bringing the error tothe clerks attention causes different things to happen. immediately the clerk knowsus to be honorable. upon leaving thestore, we feel honorable and ourself-respectis increased. whenever we take honorable action we gain the deep inter

43、nal rewardsof goodness and a sense of nobility.there is a beautiful positive cycle that is created by living a life of honorableactions.honorable thoughts lead to honorable actions. honorable actions lead us to a happierexistence. and its easy to think and act honorably again when were happy. whilet

44、he positive cycle can be difficult to start, once its started, its easy to continue.keeping on doing good deeds brings us peace of mind, which is important for ourhappiness.46. according to the passage, the positive action in the example contributes to our .a. self-respectb. financial rewardsc. adve

45、rtising abilityd. friendly relationship47. the author thinks that keeping silent about the uncharged item is equal to .a. lyingb. stealingc. cheatingd. advertising48. the phrase bringing the error to the clerks attention (in para. 5) means .a. telling the truth to the clerkb. offering advice to the

46、clerkc. asking the clerk to be more attentived. reminding the clerk of the charged item49. how will we feel if we let the clerk know her mistake?a. well be very excited.b. well feel unfortunate.c. well have a sense of honor.d. well feel sorry for the clerk.50. which of the following can be the best

47、title of this passage?a. how to live truthfullyb. importance of peacefulnessc. ways of gaining self-respectd. happiness through honorable actions9 导读 这是一篇说理、规劝性的议论文。本文的中心是：作者提倡通过高尚的行为获得幸福，规劝人们多行善事获得幸福，以形成一种美丽的积极的循环。高尚的思想行为可以使你的生活具有一种和平感、幸福感、善良感和自尊感。过高尚行为的生活可以创造美丽的积极的循环。高尚的思想导致高尚的行为。高尚的行为致使我们幸福的生存。当我

48、们幸福的时候，我们容易产生高尚的思想和行为。虽然积极的循环难以开启，但是，一旦开启，就容易继续下去。坚持不断地做善事会给我们到来平静的心理，这样做对我们的幸福很重要。key: 46-50 abacd46. a。细节事实理解题。第 5 段第 6-8 句：in contrast, bringing the error to the clerksattention causes different things to happen. immediately the clerk knows us to behonorable. upon leaving the store, we feel honor

49、able and our self-respect isincreased.比较而言，把这个错误引起这个职员的注意导致几件事情发生。职员立刻知道我们是高尚的（honorable）。我们一离开商店，就感觉到是高尚的，并且我们的自尊在增加。47. b。细节事实理解题。第 5 段第 1-2 句：in the first case, where we dont tell theclerk, a couple of things would happen. deep down inside we would know ourselvesas a type ofthief. 在第一个案例中，我们不告诉那个

50、职员，有几件事情会发生。在内心深处我们会知道我们自己就是小偷。48. a。句子意思猜测题。第 5 段分两层意思。第 1-5 句是第一层意思：在第一个案例中，我们不告诉那个职员，有几件事情会发生。在内心深处我们会知道我们自己就是小偷。在这个过程中，我们的心理会失去平静，也失去自尊。我们也会证明我们不可以信赖，因为我们通过告诉家里的人和朋友的方式来忠告我们的耻辱。第 5 段第 6-8 句是第二层意思：比较而言，把这个错误引起这个职员的注意导致几件事情发生。职员立刻知道我们是高尚的（honorable）。我们一离开商店，就感觉到是高尚的，并且我们的自尊在增加。通过对比这两层意思，可以判断 bring

51、ing the error to the clerks attention意思是“实话告诉这个职员”。49. c。细节事实理解题。第 5 段第 7-8 句：immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable.upon leaving the store, we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased. 职员立刻知道我们是高尚的（honorable）。我们一离开商店，就感觉到是高尚的，并且我们的自员”。50. d。归纳标题。结合第 1 段和最后一段，并综合全文，我们可以得知：通过高尚的行为获得幸福

52、。过高尚行为的生活可以创造美丽的积极的循环。高尚的思想导致高尚的行为。高尚的行为致使我们幸福的生存。当我们幸福的时候，我们容易产生高尚的思想和行为。虽然积极的循环难以开启，但是，一旦开启，就容易继续下去。坚持不断地做善事会给我们到来平静的心理，这样做对我们的幸福很重要。cmalaria, the worlds most widespread parasitic (寄生虫引起的)disease, kills as manyas three million people every year - almost all of whom are under five, very poor,and af

53、rican. in most years, more than five hundred million caseosf illness result10 from the disease, although exact numbers are difficult to assess because many peopledont (or cant) seek care. it is not unusual for a family earning less than twohundred dollars a year to spend a quarter of its income on m

54、alaria treatment, andwhat they often get no longer works. in countries like tanzania, mozambique, andthe gambia, no family, village, hospital, or workplace can remain unaffected forlong.malaria starts suddenly, with violent chills, which are soon followed by an intensefever and, often, headaches. as

55、 the parasites multiply, they take over the entirebody. malaria parasites live by eating the red blood cells they infect (感染) .theycan also attach themselves to blood vessels in the brain. if it doesnt kill you,malaria can happen again and again for years. the disease is passed on to humansby female

56、 mosquitoes infected with one of four species of a parasite. together, themosquito and the parasite are the most deadly couple in the history of the earthand one of the most successful. malaria has five thousand genes, and its abilityto change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossibleto control. studies show that mosquitoes are passing on the virus more frequently,and there are more outbreaks in cities with large populations. some of the diseasesspread i