垃圾分类“攻坚战”)

1、7月1日，上海市正式开始实行上海市生活垃圾管理条例，上海居民迎来了史 上最严垃圾分类措施。根据条例，人们要将垃圾按照干垃圾、湿垃圾、可回收 垃圾和有害垃圾的标准进行分类投放，同时对没有将生活垃圾分类投放的个人可处 以50至200元的罚款。在进行了 20多年倡导工作后，上海市终于率先将垃圾分类 纳入了法治框架。阅读短文并回答问题“ What kind of rubbish are you?” This questi on might no rmally cause an ger, but inShan ghai it has brought about weary groa ns over th

2、e past week. On July 1st, the city introduced strict trash-sorting regulations that are expected to be used as a model for our country. Residents must divide their waste into four separate categories and toss it into specific public bins. They must do so at scheduled times, whe n moni tors are prese

3、 nt to ensure complianee (服从)and to inquire into the nature of one s rubbish.Violators face the prospect of fines and worse. They could be hit with fines of up to200 yua n ($29). For repeat violators, the city can add black marks to their credit records, making it harder for them to obtain bank loan

4、s or even buy train tickets.Shanghai authorities are responding to an obvious environmentai problem. Itgen erates 9 milli on tonnes of garbage a year, more tha n London s annual output andrising quickly. But like other cities in Chin a, it lacks a recycli ng system .In stead, it has relied on trash

5、pickers to sift through the waste, pluck ing out whatever can be reused.This has limits. As people get wealthier, fewer of them want to do such dirty work. The waste, mean while, just keeps pili ng up. China chur ns out 80 billi on pairs of disposable chopsticks a year.Many reside nts appear to supp

6、ort the idea of recycli ng in gen eral but are frustratedby the details. Rubbish must be divided accord ing to whether it is food, recyclable, dry or hazardous （有害的），the distinctions among which can be confusing, though there are apps to help work it out. Some have compla ined about the rules surro

7、unding food waste. They must put it straight in the required public bin, forcing them to tear open plastic bags and toss it by hand. Most vexing （令人烦恼的） are the short windows for dumping trash, typically a couple of hours, morni ng and eve ning. Alo ng with the mon itors at the bins, this means that

8、 people go at around the same time and can keep an eye on what is being throw n out; no one wants to look bad.（节选自 The Econo mis）1. What s tperpose of the first paragraph?A. To introduce the trash-sorting regulations.B. To explain the four categories of the waste.C. To prese nt reside nts compla int

9、s about trash dividi ng.D. To show the goal of trash-sorting regulations.2. What does the und erlined word“ Violators ” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. People who don t sort the waste.B. People who argue with the mon itors.C. People who don t throw the trash on time.D. People who are aga inst the regulat

10、i ons.3. What is the main direct environmental problem in Shanghai?A. The massive traffic.B. The in creas ing garbage.C. Lack of a recycli ng system.D. Lack of trash pickers.4. What makes the reside nts upset most about the rules?A. Complex distinction among the four categories of trash.B. Short sch

11、eduled time for tossing the trash.C. Being observed by mon itors whe n throw ing the garbage.D. Being fined whe n blamed due to improper behavior.5. What can be the best title for the text?A. A Restart of Trash-sorti ngB. A Great Change in Tackli ng LitterC. A New Era of Garbage Classificati onD. A

12、Craze for Lear ning Waste Sorti ng参考答案1-5 ADBBC生词1. sift through 筛选2. pluck out 拔，摘3. pile up堆积，积累4. churn out大量生产，粗制滥造5. disposable adj.用后即丢弃的，一次性的长难句分析1. For repeat violators, the city can add black marks to their credit records, makingit harder for them to obtain bank loans or even buy train tick

13、ets. 主干：The city can add black marks to their credit records.译文：对于屡次违规者，他们的信用记录将被加上污点。他们将很难申请银行贷款,甚至难以购买火车票。2. Rubbish must be divided accord ing to whether it is food, recyclable, dry or hazardous, the disti nctions among which can be confusing, though there are apps to help work it out.主干： Rubbish

14、 must be divided.译文：垃圾必须按照厨余垃圾、可回收垃圾、干垃圾、有害垃圾来分类，有些种类 的区分可能会让人感到困惑，尽管有一些APP可以帮助我们解决这个问题。3. Most vexing （令人烦恼的）are the short windows for dumping trash, typically acouple of hours, morni ng and eve ning. Alo ng with the moni tors at the bins, this means that people go at around the same time and can k

15、eep an eye on what is being throw n out; no one wants to look bad.主干： Most vexing are the windows for dumping trash. This means that.译文：最让人烦恼的是短暂的垃圾投放时间段，通常只有早上和晚上的几个小时。 随着垃圾监督员出现在垃圾桶旁边，这意味着人们几乎是在同一时间丢垃圾，并且 扔掉的垃圾将被密切关注；没有人想让自己难堪。知识拓展1. Waste classification:垃圾分类Residual Waste:干垃圾是指除有害垃圾、可回收物、湿垃圾以外的其他

16、生活废弃物。Household Food Waste:湿垃圾（厨余垃圾）是指易腐的生物质废弃物。主要包括剩菜剩饭、瓜皮果核、花卉绿植、肉类碎骨、 过期食品、餐厨垃圾等。Recyclable Waste:可回收废物是指适宜回收和可循环再利用的废弃物。主要包括废玻璃、废金属、废塑料、废 纸张、废织物等。Hazardous Waste:有害垃圾是指对人类健康或者自然环境造成直接或者潜在危害的零星废弃物，单位集中产生的除外。主要包括废电池、废灯管、废药品、废油漆桶等。2. 垃圾分类的好处：（1）减少占地：生活垃圾中有些物质不易降解，使土地受到严重侵蚀。将垃圾进行分类，去掉可以回收的、不易降解的物质，可以减少垃圾数量达60%以上。(2) 减少污染：目前我国的垃圾处理多采用卫生填埋甚至简易填埋的方式，占用 上万亩土地；并且虫蝇乱飞，污水四溢，臭气熏天，严重污染环境。废弃的电池含有金属汞、镉等有毒的物质，会对人类产生严重的危害；