人文知识初级备考

1、人文知识初级备考三份标准题分析结果和扩展演示英语国家概况1） 首都和主要城市：首都已经考了澳，加，新，英和美的首都很简单，不会再考首都了。而且小国 主要 考首都，但是像 Sydney， Montreal ， Auckland 等小国除首都外最有名的 城市也可能考，需要查背资料。 （用金山词霸查，最后挑最主要的，记中文即可）如： Sydney：1） A city of southeast Australia on an inlet of the Tasman Sea. The largest city in Australia, it is the countrys chief port and

2、 main cultural and financial center. Metropolitan area population, 3,358,550.悉尼 ：澳大利亚东南部一城市，位于塔斯曼海入海口处是澳大利亚最大的城市 ，也是该国的重要海港和主要的文化和金融中心 ，市区人口 3,358,5502） A city of Nova Scotia, Canada, on eastern Cape Breton Island. It is a commercial and industrial center. Population, 29,444.悉尼（或泽锡德尼） ：加拿大新斯科舍省一城市，位

3、于布雷顿角岛的东部是商业和工业 中心人口 29,444大国主要考地理位置和主 要城市，主要城市已经考了英国 和美国的 Huston 和 Edinburgh ， 这两个不会再考了，但是Boston. Baltimore. Philadelphia 等名城下次很可能考，需要查背资料 （用金山词霸查，最后记中文即可）如： Boston：The capital and largest city of Massachusetts, in the eastern part of the state on Boston Bay, an arm of Massachusetts Bay. Founded in

4、 the 17th century, it was a leading center of agitation against England in the 18th century and a stronghold of abolitionist thought in the 19th century. Today it is a major commercial, financial, and educational hub. Population, 574,283.波士顿：美国马萨诸塞州首府和最大城市 ，位于该州的东部，马萨诸塞湾的一个海湾波 士顿湾上。 建于 17 世纪，是 18 世纪

5、反对英国暴动的领导中心和 19世纪废奴思想的强烈支 持者。 现在是一个主要的商业、金融和教育中心。人口 574,283英美文学1）作家简介作家简介考题中的作家都是非常出名的，一般的教材都会搜录介绍，而且用金山词霸都 可以查到，所以我们可以先把三份题中没有考过的作家，分国别，年代，流派等进行归类 整理。工具可以用教材或金山词霸等。但是注意，有些英语专业词汇需要记忆。如:英美playwrightpoetnovelistessayist如：William Wordsworth :British poet whose most important collection, Lyrical Ballads

6、 (1798), published jointly with Samuel T aylor Coleridge, helped establish romanticism in England. He was appointed poet laureate in 1843.华兹华斯，威廉：(1770-1850)英国诗人，其最重要的全集 抒情歌谣(1798年)同塞缪尔泰勒柯尔斯基合作出版，为建立英格兰诗歌的浪漫主义风格做出了贡献。他于1843年被授予 桂冠诗人。市面上的很多教材，参考书把难度加深了很多，如果发现出的题太偏，可以不用归纳。判断依据是金山词霸：(茅风华指南p86 no.10 )Si

7、nclair Lewis不用归纳但是：Eugene ONeill 需要：American playwright. Among his works areMourning Becomes Electra (1931) and Long Days Journey into Night (produced 佃56). He won the 1936 Nobel Prize for literature.奥尼尔，尤金格莱斯顿：(1888-1953)美国戏剧家，其作品有呻吟中奋起(佃31年)和直到夜晚的漫长一天(写于 佃56年)。获得 佃36年诺贝尔文学奖。T.S. Eloit不用，因为考过了Willi

8、am Faulkner 需要American writer who set many of his works, such as the novelsThe Sound and the Fury (佃29) and The Unvanquished (1938), in the imaginary Yoknapatawpha County, a microcosm of the postbellum South, in which he explored the decay of traditional Southern values. He won the 1949 Nobel Prize

9、for literature.福克纳，威廉：（1897-佃62）美国作家，他的许多作品，如小说喧嚣与骚动（佃29年）和 不可战胜 （1938 年）,都以战后南方的缩影虚构的约克波塔弗郡为背景, 揭示了南方传统价值观的衰败。1949年他获诺贝尔文学奖。英语语言学1）基本概念Phonology Syntax，基本概念目前为止只考了 所以大家还需要知道：The study of language as a whole is often called general linguistics.普通语言学 ）The study of sounds, which are used in linguistic

10、 communication, is called phonetics.（语音 学）The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology. （音系学）The study of the way in which morphemes are arranged to form words are called morphology.（形态学）The study of how morphemes and words are combined to form sentencesis c

11、alled syntax. （句法学）The study of meaning in language is called semantics.（语义学）The study of meaning in context of use is called pragmatics.（语用学）The study of language with reference to society is called socio-linguistics.（社会语言学）The study of language with reference to the working of mind is called psych

12、o-linguistics.（心、 理语言学）The study of applications （as the recovery of speech ability） is generally known as applied linguistics.（应用语言学） But in a narrow sense, applied linguistics refers to the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teaching and learning, especially the teaching of foreign and second language.Other related branches include anthr