2012北京高考英语试题_及权威答案

1、高考2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（北京卷）本试卷共16页，共150分，考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上， 在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：听力理解（共三节，30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话或独白后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话或独白你将听一遍。例: What is the man going to read?A. A n ewspaperB. A magaz ineC. A

2、book答案是Ao1. Who an swered the phone?A. Mike B. Henry C. Tom2. What s the woman s favourite food?A. Italia n. B. Chi nese. C. I ndia n3. When does the first flight arrive in Detroit?A. 5:18am. B.6:10am C.8:50am4. What is the woman looking for?A. Zoo B. Telepho ne C. Tennis court5. What will the weath

3、er be like at the weeke nd?A. Cloudy. B. Sn owy. C. Sunny第二节（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）听下面4段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小 题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6. Where are the two speakers?A. In the hotel B In a shop C. In a restaura nt7. How much did the ma

4、n pay in the end?A. $115. B. $130 C. $140听第7段材料，回答第8至9题8. What did the man do last weeke nd?A. Watched TVB. Stayed at home. C. Visited a frie nd9. What will the woman probably do this weekend?A. Play tennis. B. Do some shopp ing C. Go to a dance听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10. Where are the new houses?A. On the

5、 main road. B. Close to a bus station. C. Near the sports center11. What does the woma n like most about the new houses?A. The garde n. B. The space. C. The quiet ness12. How does the man feel about the woman s suggestion?A. Delighted. B. Disappo in ted. C. Unin terested.听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。13. What ca

6、n t the students do without a teacher?A. Hold parties.B. Complete the Safety Sheet.C. Use any emerge ncy equipme nt.14. Why are the students asked to tie back their loose hour in the lab?A. It may catch fireB. It may cover their eyes.C. It may pass chemicals to their faces.15. What is the speech mai

7、nly about?A. Laboratory regulati ons.B. Safety in structio ns.C. After-class activities.第三节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面的一段对话，完成第16至20五道小题，每小题近填写一个词，听对话前, 你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间，这段对话你 将听两遍。Telephone Cancellation Request FormAcco unt NameEdward 16Teleph one No.仃Home Pho ne Pla nNonrefun dable （不退款）

8、18 pre-paid pla nReas on for Can cellati on19 houseCan cellati on Date Required20 9, by 5:00 pm第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）第一节 单项填空（共15小题：每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在 答题卡上将该项涂黑。例: It s so nice to hear from her again, we last met more than thirty yearsago.A. What s moreB. That s to sayC. In

9、 other wordsD. Believe it or not答案是Do21. Look at those clouds!Don t worry.it rains, we ll still have a great time.A. Eve n ifB.As though C. In caseD. If only22. By the time you have fini shed this book, your mealcold.A. getsB. has gotC. will get D.is gett ing23. One lear ns a Ian guage by making mis

10、takes andthem.A. corrects B. correctC.to correct D. correct ing24. Jerry did not regret giving the comme nt but felthe could have expressedit differe ntly.A. whyB. howC. thatD. whether25. George said that he would come to school to see me the n ext day, but heA. wouldn t B. didn t C. hasn t D. hadn

11、t26. When deeply absorbed in work,he often was, he would forget all abouteat ing or sleep ing.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. whe n27. with care, one tin will last for six weeks.A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use28. Many people have don ated that type of blood; however, the blood bank n eedsA. some B. less

12、 C. much D. more29. Have you heard about that fire in the market?Yes, fortun ately no one.A. hurt B. was hurt C. has hurt D. had been hurt30. Our frie ndshipquickly over the weeks that followed.A. had developed B. was developingC. would develop D. developed31. at the door before you en ter my room,

13、please.A. Knock B. Knocking C. Knocked D. To knock33. Wethe difficulty together, but why didne? t you tell mA. should face B. might faceC. could have faced D. must have faced34. Do you think this shirt is too tightthe shoulders?A. at B. on C. to D. across35. Don t han die the vase as if itmade of st

14、eel.A. is B. were C. has been D. had been第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。In spiratio n“ Mama, when I grow up, Im going to be one of those!” I said this after seeing the Capital Dancing Company perform when I was three. It was the first time that my _36_

15、took on a vivid form and acted as someth ing importa nt to start my training. As I grew older and was _37_ to more, my in terests in the world of dance _38_ varied but that little girl dream of someday becoming a _39_ in the company n ever left me. In the summer of 2005 whe n I was 18, I received th

16、e phone call which made that dream a _40_; I became a member of the company _41_ back to 1925.As I look back on that day no w, it surely _42_ any sense of reality. I believe I stayed in a state of pleasa nt disbelief _43_ I was halfway through rehearsals排f 练） on my first day. I never actually _44_ t

17、o get the job. After being offered the positi on, I was completely _45_. I remember shak ing with exciteme Though I was absolutely thrilled with the change, it did not come without its fair share of _46_. Through the strict rehearsal period of dancing six days a week, I found it vita

18、l to _47_ up the material fast with every last bit of concentration. It is that extreme _48_ to detail （细节）and stress on practice that set us _49_. To the n follow those high-e nergy rehearsals _50_ a busy show schedule of up to five performances a day, I discovered a new _51_ of the words “ hard wo

19、rk. ” What I thought were my physical _52_ were pushed much further tha n I thought _53_. I learned to make each performance better than the last.Today, whe n I look at the un believable compa ny that I have the great _54_ of being a part of, not only as a member, but as a dance capta in, I see a _5

20、5_ that has in spired not only gen erati ons of little girls but a sple ndid compa ny that continues to develop and grow-a nd in spires people every day to follow their dreams.36. A. hobby B. plan C. dream D. word37. A connected B. expanded C. exposed D. extended38. A. rarely B. certainly C. probabl

21、y D. consistently39. A. director B. trainer C. leader D. dancer40. A. symbol B. memory C. truth D. reality41. A. bouncing B. dati ng C. tur ning D. track ing42. A. lacks B. adds C. makes D. brings43. A. while B. since C. until D. whenD. Decided44. A. CaredB. ExpectedC. AskedC. convin cedC. adva ntag

22、es C. buildC. attractio nC. offC. withD. ast oni shedD. adve nturesD. pickD. adaptati onD. backD. beyondD.usageD. efforts45. A. motivated46. A. challe nges47. A. put48. A. Atte ntio n49. A. apart50. A. over51. A. fun ction52. A. boun dariesB. relaxedB. profitsB. mixB. associati onB. asideB. byB. mea

23、ningB. problemsC. expressi onC. barriers53. A. necessary B. perfect54. A. tale nt B. ho nor55. A. victory B. trend第三部分:阅读理解（共两节C. proper D. possible C. pote ntial C. traditi on40分）D. resp on sibilityD. desire第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答 题卡上将该项涂黑。AThe Basics of Math- M

24、ade ClearBasic Math in troduces stude nts to the basic con cepts of mathematics, as well as the fun dame ntals of more tricky areas. These 30 fan tastic lectures are desig ned to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra（代数） and bey ond.The less ons in Basi

25、c Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look into exponents（扌旨数）,the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other bran

26、ches of mathematics, and how these operati ons can be used practically.Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by stude nts. The lectures offer stude nts the cha nee to

27、 “ make sense” of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amaz ingand completely un dersta ndablefield of study.By the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their underst

28、anding of basic math. They will be able to clear away the mystery（神秘性）of mathematics and face their studies with more con fide nee tha n they ever imagi ned. In addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challe nges.Professor H. Siegel, honored by Ken tucky

29、Educati onal Televisi on as “ the best math teacher in America,” is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical con cepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. From the basic con crete ideas to the more abstract problems, he is master in maki ng math lectures lear ner-frie

30、ndlier and less scary.With a PhD in Mathematics Educati on from Georgia State Uni versity. Dr. Siegel teaches mathematics at Cen tral Ariz ona College. His courses in clude various make-up classes and a nu mber of lectures for future primary school teachers.If the course fails to provide complete sa

31、tisfaction to you, you can easily excha nge it for any other course that we offer Or you can get your money back.56. What does the course Basic Math mainly cover?A. Algebra.B. College Mathematics.C. Arithmetic.D. Mathematics Educati on.57. What ben efits can stude nts expect from Basic Math?A. Stro

32、nger imagi native ability.B. Additi onal prese ntati on skills.C. More mathematical con fide nee.D. Greater cha nces of beco ming teachers.58. What can we lear n about Professor H. Siegel?A. He is a guest lecturer at Ken tucky Educati onal Televisio n.B. He is to deliver 30 lectures in Basic Math.C.

33、 He works in Georgia State Un iversity.D. He specializes in trai ning teachers.59. Where is the passage most likely to have bee n take n from?A. A n ews report.B. A book reviewC. A less on pla n.D. An advertiseme ntBPea nuts to ThisProudly reading my words, I glaneed around the room, only to find my

34、 classmates beari ng big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. Con fused, I gla need toward my ston e-faced teacher Having no choice, I slowly raised the report I had slaved over, hop ing to hide myself.“ What could be caus ing every one to act this way?Quickly, I flashed back to the day Mi

35、ss Lan celot gave me the task. This was the first real talk I received in my new school. It seemed simple: go on the Internet and find in formatio n about a man n amed George Wash ington. Si nee my idea of history came from an an cie nt teacher in my home coun try, I had n ever heard of that n ame b

36、efore. As I searched the name of this fellow, it became evident that there were two people beari ng the same n ame who looked completely differe nt! One inven ted hun dreds of uses for pea nu ts, while the other led some sort of army across America. I stared at the screen, wondering which one my tea

37、cher meant. I called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice; flip （掷）a coin. Headsthe commander, and tails the pea nuts guy. Ah! Tails, my report would be about the great man who inven ted pea nut butter, George Wash ington CWeeks later, standing before this unfriendly mass, I

38、was totally lost. Oh well, Ilowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate bega n his report, it all became clear,“ My report is on GeorgWashington, the man who started the American Revolution. T”e whole world became quite! How could I know that

39、she meant that George Wash ington?Obviously, my grade was awful. Heartbroken but fearless, I decided to turn this aroun d. I talked to Miss Lan celot, but she in sisted: No re-dos; no new grade. I felt that the punishment was not justified, and I believed I deserved a second chanee. Consequently, I

40、threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year Ten mon ths later, that cha nee un folded as I found myself sitti ng in the headmaster s office with my grandfather, now having an entirely different conversation. I smiled and flashed back to the embarrass ing mome nt at the beg inn

41、ing of the year as the headmaster in formed me of my opti on to skip the sixth grade. Justice is sweet!60. What did the author s classmates think about his report?A. Con troversial.B. Ridiculous.C. Bori ng.D. Puzzli ng.61. Why was the author con fused about the task?A. He was unfamiliar with America

42、n history.B. He followed the advice and flipped a coin.C. He forgot his teacher s in struct ion.D. He was new at the school.62. The underlined word“ burning ” in Para. 3 probably means.A. anno yedB. ashamedC. readyD. eager63. In the end, the author tur ned things around.A. by redo ing his taskB. thr

43、ough his own effortsC. with the help of his gran dfatherD. un der the guida nee of his headmasterCDecisio n-maki ng un der StressA new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain con siders the adva ntages and disadva ntages, caus in git to focus on pleasure and igno

44、re the possible negative 负面的）consequences of a decision.The research suggeststhat stress may cha nge the way people make choices in predictable ways.“ Stress affects how people learn” says Professor Mara Mather “ People learn better about positive tha n n egative outcomes un der stress”For example,

45、two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images（影像） with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audie nee; in the other, some were stressed by hav ing to

46、 keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately thanthose who hadn t gone through the stress.This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies o

47、r smoking a cigarette while under stress t those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experie nces remembered better, but n egative con seque nces are also easily

48、 recalled.The research also found that stress appears to affect decisi on-mak ing differe ntly in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on con seque nces un der stress, their resp on ses to risk tur n out to be differe nt.Men who had bee n stressed by the cold-wat

49、er task ten ded to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.This tendency to slow dow n and become more cautious whe n decisi

50、 ons are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more ofte n avoid making the risky choices that eve ntually harde n into addict ion.64. We can lear n from the passage that people un der pressure tend to.A. keep rewards better in their memoryB. r

51、ecall con seque nces more effortlesslyC. make risky decisi ons more freque ntlyD. learn a subject more effectively65. Accordi ng to the research, stress affects people most probably in their.A. ways of maki ng choices B. prefere nee for pleasureC. tolera nee of puni shme nts D. resp on ses to sugges

52、ti ons66. The research has proved that in a stressful situati on,.A. women find it easier to fall into certain habitsB. men have a greater tendency to slow dow nC. wome n focus more on outcomesD. men are more likely to take risksDWilder ness“In wilderness（荒野）is the preservation of the world. ” This

53、is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a

54、 strong appeal in images of the wild, the un touched; more tha n anything else, they speak of the n ature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images un touched is strong, and the dan ger exploitati on（开发）brings to such Ian dscapes景 观）is real. Some of these wilde

55、rnesses also perform functions that humans n eedthe rai nforests, for example, store carb on in vast qua ntities. To Mr.Sauve n, these ” ecosystem services far outweigh the gains from exploitation.Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He ack no wledges that wi

56、lder nesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presenee, or in deed commercial and in dustrial exploitati on. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reas on ably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather t

57、ha n merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundan ce. If they can be tapped without reduci ng the services those wilder nesses provide, the argume nt goes, there is no further reas on not to do so. Being un touched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.I look forwards to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. One challenge that suggests itself