优品课件之外研版必修3Module5学案

1、优品课件 外研版必修3Module5学案 必修 3 Module 5 Great People and Inventions of Ancent china Book 3 Module 5 Great People and Great Inven ti ons of China二、 Reading 1.三 语法 定语从句 一.定语从句及相关术语1.定语从 句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰 的先行词后面。2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词关系 词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有 w

2、here, when, why等。 关系词常有3个 作用：1,引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3,在定语从句中担当一 个成分。二.关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主 语(1) The boys who are playi ng football are from Class One. (2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. (2) Mr. L

3、ing is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：关系代词 whom在 口语和非正式语 体中常用 who代替，可省略。(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语， 做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. that 指人时，相当于who或者whom指物时，相当于which。在

4、宾语从句 中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? 5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I once lived in a house whose roof has falle n in. whose指物时

5、，常用以下结构来代替 (3) The classroom whose door is broke n will soon be repaired. (4) The classroom the door of which is broke n will soon be repaired. (5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? (6) Do you like 三.介词+关系代词引导 the book the color of which is yellow? 的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词 + 关系代词引导 (1

6、) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. (2) The school in which he once studied is very famous. (3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. (4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magaz ine for which you asked. (5) We ll go to hear the famous sin ger (whom/tha

7、t/who) we have often talked about. (6) We ll go to hear the famous sin ger about whomwe have ofte n talked. 注意： 1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，女如: look for, look after, take care of 等(1) This is the watch which/that I am look ing for. (T) (2) This is the watch for which I am looki ng. (F) 2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用

8、whom不可用who或者 that ;指物时用which，不能用that ;关系代词是所有格时用 whose (1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T) (2) The man who/that you talked with is myfriend.(F) (3) The plane in which we flew to Canadais very comfortable. (T) (4) The plane in that we flew in to Can ada is very comfortable. (F) 3.“介词+关

9、系 代词”前可有 some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few 等代词或者数词 (1) Heloved his parents deeply, both of whom are very ki nd to him. (2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. (3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whomare from big cities. 四.关

10、系副词引导的定语从句1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时 间状语(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time whe nwegot together fin allycame. 2. where 指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has bee n pulled down. 3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语 (1)

11、Please t ell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I don t know the reason why he looks un happy today.注意： 关系畐U词引导的 从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitationis not clear, (2) From the year whe n/in which he was going to school he bega n to know what he wan te

12、d whe n he grew up. (3) Great cha nges have take n place in the city in which./where I was born.五.限制性定语 从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式 上 不用逗号和主句隔开 用逗号和主句隔开 意义上 是先行词不可 缺少的定语，不能删除 是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整 译法上 翻译成先行词的定语，“的”通常翻译成主句的并列句 关系词的使用上A .做宾语时可省略B。可用that C .可用who代 替whom A不可省B。不用that C。不用who代替whom限制性定 语从

13、句举例：(1) The teacher told methat Tomwas the only person that I could depend on. (2) China is a country which has a long history.非限制性定语从句举例：(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. (2) China, which was founded in 1949, is beco ming more and more powerful.要注意区分以下几个 句子的不同(1) His brot

14、her who is now a doctor always en courages him to go to college.他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要 考上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥)(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always en courages him to go to college.他的哥哥是当 医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。(他只有一个哥哥)难点分析(一) 限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况1 .当先行词是anything, everything,nothing (something 除夕卜)，few, all, none, lit

15、tle, some等代词时，或者是由 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时 (1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said? (2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world. (3) All that can be done has bee n done. There is little that I can do for you.注意：当先行词指 人时，偶尔也可以用 who

16、(4) Any manthat/.who has a sense of duty won t do such a thing. 2.当先行词被序数词修饰 (1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 3.当先行 词被形容词最高级修饰时 (1) This is the best film that I have seen. 4.当形容词被 the very, the only修饰时(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy, (2) After the f

17、ire in his house, the old car is the only thi ng that he own ed.当先行词 指人时，偶尔也可以用 who (3) WangHua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/ 5.当先行词前面有 who, which 等疑问代词时(1) Who is the man that is standing there? (2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6.当先行词既有 人，也有动物或者物体时 (1) Can

18、 you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?(二)关系代词 as 禾口 which 弓丨 导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有 不同之处。具体情况是：1 . As和which都可以在定语从句中做主 语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。(1) Hemarried her, as/which was n atural. (2) He was hon est, as/which we can see.新课标第一 网2. as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后， 甚至可以切割一个主

19、句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主 句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country. (2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. (3) John, as you know, is a famous writer. (4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don t believe. 注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时， 常用 whi

20、ch (5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry. 3.当先行次受 such, the same修饰时，常用 as (1) I have never heard such a story as he tells. (2) He is not such a fool as he looks. (3) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：当先行次由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语 从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同 She wore t

21、he same dress that she wore at Mary s wedding. 她穿着她在 MARY 婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。(5) Shewore the samedress as her young sister wore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。(三)以the way 为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省 略。(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surpris ing. (四)but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句(1) There are very f

22、ew but understand his idea.( but二 who don t ) ( 五) 区分定语从 句和同位语从句1 .定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系； 同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系xkbl (1) The plane that has just taken off is for London.定语从句 (2) The fact that he has been dead is clear.同位于从句 2 .定语 从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可 以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子 也可以由 w

23、hen, where, how, why, whether, what等词弓丨导，充当 成分(1) The n ews he told me is true. (2) The n ews that he has just died is true. (3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much mon ey.定语(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve. 3.同位语从 句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一

24、个完整的句子，而定语从句 不可以 (1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is won derful.同位语 (2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice. (3) The fact that the earth moves aro und the earth is known to all. (4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.语法练习；新课标第一网高考定语从句考试 题及答案 1.1

25、don t likeyou speak to her. (1996 上海)A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which 2. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those in the forest. (1997 上海)A. once they grew B. they grew once C. they once grew D. that once grew 3. Carol said the work would be done

26、 by October,pers on ally I doubt very much. (99) A. it B. that C. whenD. which 4. is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior schools is increasing.A. Which B. As C. That D. It 5. He was very rude to the Customs officer, of course madethings even worse. A. whoB. whom C. what D. which 6.

27、 Dorothy was always speak ing highly of her role in the play, _,of course , made the others un happy. A. who B. which C. this D. what 7. Rece ntly I bought an an cie nt Chi nese vase,was very reas on able. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose 8. The resu lt of the

28、experiment was very good,we hadn t expected. A. when B. that C. which D. what 9. Have you seen the film“Titanic ” , leading actor is world -famous? A. its B. it s C. whose D. which 10. John said he d been working in the office for an hour, was true. A. he B. this C. which D. who 11. The film brought

29、 the hours to meI was take n good care of in that far away village. A. until B. that C. when D. where （2001NMET）12. is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every mon th. A. It B. As C. That D. What （2001NMET） 13. He is the only one of the stude nts who a winner of scholarship fo

30、r three years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been （2002 上海春季）14. He s got himself into a dan gerous situati onhe is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. while D. why （2001 上海）15. Is this the reasonat the meet ing for his carelessness in his work? A. he explained B. what he

31、explained C. how he expla in ed D. why he expla in ed （2002） 16. The famous basketball star,tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of atte ntio n. A. where B. whe n C. which D. who （2002北 京春季）17. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettablemoment,I will always treasure. A. that B.

32、one C. it D. what （2002NMET） 18. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums and some other places,other visitors seldom go. A. what B. which C. where D. whe n （2002 北京）19. We are liv ing in an agemany thi ngs are done on computer. A. which B. that C. whose D. whe n （2003北京春） 20.has bee n ann

33、oun ced, we shall have our final exams n ext mon th. A. That B. As C. It D. What （2003 上海春）21. .George Orwell, was Eric Arthur, wrote manypoliticalnovels and essays. （2004 北京） A. the real n ame B. what his real n ame C. his real n ame D. whose real n ame 22.is reported in the n ewspaper, talks betwe

34、e n the two coun tries are mak ing progress. A. It B. As C. That D. What 23. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, , of course, made the others envy him. （2004 天津）A. who B. that C. what D. which 24. It is easy to do the repair. you need is a hammer and some nails. （2004 天津）A

35、.Something B. All C. Both D. Everythi ng 25.is ofte n the case, we have worked out the production plan. （2004 江苏）A. Which B. WhenC. What D. As 26. Any way, that eve ning,I ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel s place. （2004 浙江）A. when B. where C. what D. which 27. The journey a

36、round the world took the old sailor nine mon ths, the saili ng time was 226 days. （2004 广西）xkbl A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which 28. I work in a bus in essalmost every one is wait ing for a great cha nee.（2004 湖南） A. how B. which C. where D. that 29. There wastime I hated to go

37、 to school.（2004 湖北）A. a; that B . a; when C. the; that D. the; when30. There are two buildings, stands nearly a hundred feet high .（2004 湖北） A . the larger B. the larger of them C . the larger one that D . the larger of which 31. What surprised me was not what he said but he said it. （2004 湖北）A. th

38、e way B . in the way that C .in the way D. the way which 32. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80%are sold abroad . （2004 辽宁）A . of which B . which of C . of them D. of that 33. America n wome n usually ide ntify their best friend as some one they can talk freque ntly.（2

39、004 上海）A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom34. The English play mystudents acted at the New Year s pa rty was a great success. （2004 全国 I） A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 35. There were dirty marks on her trousers she had wiped her han ds. （2004 全国 II ） A. where B. which C. whe

40、n D. that 36. The jour ney around the world took the old sailor nine mon ths, the sailing time was 226 days.（2004全国 III ） A. of which B. duri ng which C. from which D. for which 37. There are altogether eleve n books on the shelf,five are mine. （2004全国 IV） A. on which B. in which C. of which D. from

41、 which 38. Luckily, we d brought a road mapwithout we would have lost our way. （2004 北京春）A . it B. that C. this D. which 39. A fast food restaura nt is the place , just as the namesuggests, eating is performed quickly. （2004 上海春） A. which B. where C. there D. what 40.is reported in the newspapers, t

42、alks between the two countries are making progress. （2004 北京）A. It B. As C. That D. What 41. I have manyfriends, some are bus in essme n.（2005 全国卷一二）A . of them B. from which C . who of D . of whom 42. Why does she always ask you for help? There is no one else, is there? （2005 北京）A. who to turn to B

43、. she can turn to C. for whom to turn to D. for her to turn 43. If a shop has chairs womencan park their men, womenwill spend more time in the shop. （2005 上海）A. that B. which C. whe n D. where 44. Last mon th, part of Southeast Asia was stuck by floods, from effects the people are still sufferi ng.（

44、2005 天津） A. that B. whose C. those D. what 45. Mark was a stude nt at this uni versity from 1999to 2003,he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union. （2005 重庆） A. during which time B. for which time C. during whose time D . by that time 46. Her sister has become a lawyer, she wan

45、 ted to be. （2005 湖北）A. who B. that C. what D. which 47. Frank s dream was to have his own shop to produce the worki ngs of his ownhan ds. （2005 湖南）A. that B. in which C. by which D. how48. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs they are bei ng trai ned.（20

46、05 江西）A . in that B . for that C .in which D . for which 49. The way he did it was different wewere used to. （2005 江西）A . in which B. in what C. from what D. from which 50. I walked in our garden, Tomand Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.（2005） A. which B. whenC. where D. that 51. Did

47、Jack comeback early last night? （2005 福建） 一Yes. It was not yet eight o clock he arrived home. A . before B . when C. that D . until 52. Is that the small tow n you o ften refer to? （2005 福 建） Right, just the oneyou know I used to work for years. A. that B. which C. where D. what 53. Hewaseducated at

48、 a local grammar school, he went on to Cambridge. （2005 山东）A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this 54. Jim passed the driv ing test,surprised everybody in the office. （2005 浙江）A. which B. that C. this D. it 55. I explained on the phone, your request will be con sidered at the next mo

49、rning. （2005） A. When B. after C. As D. Since 56. The placethe bridge is supposed to be built should bethe cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （2005 江苏）A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which 57. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest whe

50、n they remembered the sce nespeople were eate n by the tiger.（2005 广东）A. in which B. by which C. which D. that 58. Do you still remember the chicke n farmwe visitedthree mon ths ago? （2005 北京春）A. where B. when C. that D. what 59. Did Jack come back early last n ight?（2005 福建）一Y es. It was not yet ei

51、ght o clock he arrived home. A. before B. when C. that D . un til 6O.The doctor advised Vera str on gly that she should take a holiday, butdidn t help. （2005） A . it B. she C. which D. he 61. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, meant spe nding tens of thousa nds of poun ds. （ 2006江 苏卷）A. who B. that C. as D. which 62. Look out! Don t get too close to the houseroof is un der repair.（2006 福建卷）A. whoseB. which C.