虚拟语气的用法及经典练习题(附答案)

1、虚拟语气概念虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件, 不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分 为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。应用条件在表示虛假的、与事实相庾的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或 某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的 主观想法，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。在非真实条件状语从句中的用法真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表 示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。

2、例： If he doesn t hurry up, he will miss the bus.如果他不快点，他 将错过巴士。（真实） If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories.如果 他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实） If I were you, I wou 1 d go at once. 如果我是你，我马上就会去。（非真实，虚拟语气） If there were no air, people would die.如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（非真实，虚拟语气）用法及动词形式从句与现在事实相反:If+主语+did(:i 主语+should/

3、would/、：could/might+do（be 动词 were） Ju.乙金益 丫名讥盲讶若乙金益 丫名讥盲讶若乙益与过去事实相反心二主语 +should/would/与将来事实相反1. Jdf+主语+did3. If+主语 +were to4. If+主语+should主语+should/would/could/might+do例句:1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：例：1. If I were you, I would takean umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）I knew histelephone number, I would tell you.

4、如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉 你。（事实：不知道）there were no air or water, there would be no livingthings on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。（事实：地球上既有空气也有水）I had any money wi th me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱）he studied harder, he mightpass the exam. 如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力）2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 例：1. If I ha

5、d gotten there earlier, I should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。 （事实：没有听我的话）3、表示对将来情况的主观推测，与将来事实相反例：he should comehere tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟 他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小）there were a heav

6、y snow next Sunday,we wou 1 d not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实： 不知能否下雪）she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her aboutthe matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。4.45. 有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚 拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 如： If I had worked hard at school, I wo

7、uld be an engineer, too. 如 果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我.现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会 来这里了。从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如： If hewere free today, we would have sent him to Beijing 如果他今天有空的话， 我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要 是他认识她的话，他肯定会去

8、问候她了。6、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即将were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面 语。 如:Should he agree to go there, we would send him there 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.如果他懂一些

9、电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。7、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下 文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含 在短语中，如withoutbut for.等如:But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。 Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。 We didn t know his telephone n

10、umber； otherwise we would have telephoned him我们 不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。8、有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强 烈的感情。 省略从句He would have finished it.他本该完成了。 You could havepassed this exam.你应该能通过这次考试了。 省略主句If I were at home now.要是我现在在家里该多好11阿。If onlyI had got it.要是我得到它了该多好啊。、虚拟语气的其他用法用在wish后的宾语从句a、表示与现在事实相

11、反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式eg. I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。（事实：我根本比 不上你）b、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+doneeg： I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我.希望我原来知道这件事的真相。（事实：原来不知道）c、表示将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词：should/would +动词原形eg. I wish I should have a chance again. 我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。 （事实：很难再有这样的机会了）（注：if only和as if/as th

12、ough也有相同用法）用在目的状语从句中1在for fear that, in case, lest引导的从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓 语为：should +动词原形。并且should不能省略examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门 检查了一遍，以防盗賊的进入。 He started out earl ier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。2、在so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中,从句中的谓语为：can / may / coul

13、d / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer 他走近说i舌的 人以便能听得更淸楚。 He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word.他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。其他用法1 想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(order, command)四建议(advice. Suggest, propose)五要求(demand , requir

14、e, request , desire , insist)中，无 论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should +动词原形”或只 用动词原形。 如： He suggested that we (should) takethe teacher? s advice He insisted that we (should) takethe teacherf s advice He demand that we (should) takethe teacher? s adviceHe ordered that we(should) takethe teacher? s advicein

15、sist如果翻译成坚持某种动作才用虚拟语气；翻译成坚持某种观点就不用虚 拟语气。如：He insist he is a student 他坚持说他是个学生。 这个语句表 示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。 如： His face suggests that he looks worried 他的表情暗含着他很担心。 这 个句子本身是事实，因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。2、表情绪观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气如：necessary. important. impossible、natural s strangesurp

16、rising, funny、right、wrong, better、a pity 等。句型：It isthat +主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用should+原型 或只用动词原型。3、4、在even if, even though所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。如： Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do.即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。(事实：他没来) Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come he

17、re 即 使华佗在世也救不了他。(事实：华佗不在世)5、在 whatever, whichever, whenever, whoever, wherever, however, no matterwh-word等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为： 指现在或将来：may +动词原形。如： We will finish i t on time no matter what may happe n.不管发生什么事.我们都要按时完成。 We will find him wherever he may be. 无论他在哪里，我.们都要找到他。I will wait for him no matt

18、er how late hemay come. 不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。指过去：may +完成式。 如：You mustn t be proud whatever great progress you may have made 不管你 取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲。 We must respect him no matter what mistakes he may have made. 不管他犯过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。5、般would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观 事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气

19、的结构为：过去：had +过去分词：现在：过去时（be用were ）:将来：过去时（be用were ） 如： I d rather you had seen the film yesterday我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。 Id rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。 We d rather you went here tomorrow. 我们倒想你明天去那儿6、虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中，表示：“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动 词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：It is （high / about） time that +主语+ 动词的过去式/ s

20、hould +动词原形，即从句用虚拟过去式 如 It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school 我该去学校接我的女儿了。It is high time you should go to work.你早该上班了。7、简单句中的虚拟语气（1）说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：would / could / might / should +动词原形。 如： Would you mind my shutting the door 我把门关起来你介意吗You shouldalways l

21、earn this lesson by heart你要把这个教训牢记于心。 I shouldagree with you. 我应该同意你的观点。（2）表示祝愿”时，常用may +主语+动词原形。 如： May you have agood journey!祝你一路顺风。May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永驻。（3）表示强烈的“愿望”祝愿时，常用动词原形。 如： Long live the Communist Party of China. 中国共产党万岁。 God bless us. 上帝保佑。（4）习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。 提出请求或邀请。女17 ：Wou

22、ld you 1 ike to have a talk with us thisevening 今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗 Could I use your bike now 我可以 用一下你的单车吗 陈述自己的观点或看法。如： I should glad to meet you. 见到你我会很高兴。 I would try my best to help you. 我.会尽力 帮助你。 提出劝告或建议。如： You ? d better ask your father first. 你最好先问一问你的父亲。 You should make a full investigation of it

23、first. 你应该先全面调查一番。 提出问题。如： Do you think he could get here on time 你认为他能按时来吗 Do you expect he would tell us the truth 你期望他会告诉我们真相吗 表示对过去情况的责备时，常用處拟语气。其虚 拟语气的结构为：情态动词+ have +过去分词。如： You should havegot here earlier.你应该早就到这里 了。 You should have returned it to him. 你应该把它还绐他了。省略的虚拟条件句型省略连词if有时可将条件从句的连词if省略

24、，但此时应用倒装句型，即将从句中的were, should, had等提到句首： Were I Tom, I would refuse如果我是汤姆，我会 拒绝。 I will go, should it be necessary 假若有必要，我会去的。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time 若不是天气 坏，我们就准时到达了。【注】若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were,should, had等缩略成Weren， t. Shouldnf t, Hadn， t而置于句首。 有时

25、省略if后提前的had不是助动词： Had I time, I would come.假若我有时间， 我会来的。（=If I had time*）省略条件句的主语和其后的动词be若主从句主语一致，且谓语部分包含有动词be,通常可将主语和动词be省略： If repaired earlier, the tractor would not have broken down. 要是早点儿 修一下，拖拉机就不会抛锚了。（=If i t had been repaired earl ier*B）省略 “it+be”If necessary, I would send more farm-hands to

26、 help you. 如果 需要的 话我会派更多的民工去帮你。（=If it was necessary, I would）省略整个条件从句这样的省略通常需要借助一定的上下文，即省略条件从句后，所剩下的主句的意 思在一定的上下文中意思是淸楚的： I might see her personallyIt would be better我可以亲自去看她，这样好一些。（二Ifl saw her personally, it would be better.）在含蓄条件句中的用法（1）条件暗含在短语中。如： We didn* t know his telephone number； otherwise

27、 we would have telephoned him. 我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会绐他 打电话。（暗含条件是 otherwise） Without your help, we wouldn * t have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我们不可能取得这么大的成绩。 （暗含条件是介词 短语 without your help） But for your help, I would not have succeeded in the experiment. 如果没有你的帮助，我的实验就不会成功。（暗含条件是b ut for your help） It wou1

28、d cause great trouble not to lubricate the bearing immediately. 不立即润滑轴承就会引起很大的故障。（暗含条件是not tolubricate the bearing immediately） （2）条件暗含在上下文中。如： I would not have done i t that way. 我是不会那么做的。（可能暗含if I were you ） I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have come to help you. 我那天很忙。 否则我会来帮你的。（可能暗含 if I h

29、adn * t been so busy. ） You might come to join us in the discussion. 你可以参加我们的讨论。（可能暗含if you wanted to） I would have bought the DVD player. 我是会买下那台影碟机的。（可 能暗含 if I had the money） But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier 要不是碰到暴雨.我们还会早些到。（可能暗含if it had not been for the storm）o虚拟语气练习題enjoyed th

30、e movie very much 1 wish I the book from which itwas madeA. have readB had readare late If you A. come； would meet C. come； will meetC should have readD. are readinga few minutes earlier, youhim.B. had come； would have metD had come； would meettwo studentsA. should beC have beentalkedas if theyB. wo

31、uld beD. had beenfriends for years.is important that IA. speakC will speakwith Mr. Wi11iams immediately.B. spokeD. to speaklooked as if heill for a long time.A. wasB. wereC has beenD had beenthe doctorhad come earlier, the poorchildwould notA. have laid there for two hoursB. have been lied therefor

32、two hoursC have lied there for two hoursD. have lain there fortwo hourswish that IA. wentC. have gonewith you last night.B could goD could have gones say you couldA. will youC would yougo there again, howB. should you D do youfeel ?can t stand him He always talks as though he everything.A. knewB kno

33、wsC has knownD had knownthe fog, we should have reached our schoolA. Because ofB. In spite ofC In case ofD. But foryou had told me in advance, Ihim at the airport.A. would meetB would had metC. would have metD would have meetcan take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish hem

34、e howA. teachesB will teachC has taughtD would teachwould have told him the answer had it been possible, but Isobusy thenA. had beenB wereC wasD would bes working hard for fear that he A. should fall behindB fell behindC may fall behindD would fallen behinditanother ten minutes, the game would have

35、been called off.A. had rainedB would have rainedC have seenD rainedsuggested that they use a trick instead of fightingA. shouldB wouldC. doD. hadfather did not go to New York； the doctor suggested that he there.A. not wentC. not goB. won t goD not to gowould have goneto the meetingif I time.A. had h

36、adB. have hadC hadD would have hadyou rather Ibuying a new bike?A. decided againstC have decidedB will decide againstD. shall decide againstlook sotiredtonightItistimeyou A. go tosleepBwenttosleepC go tobedDwenttobed21.Whydidntyoubuyanew car?I would have bought one if I enough money.A. hadB have had

37、C. would haveD had hadshe could sew, B. she would have made a shirtD. she would had made a coatA. she make a dressC she will make a shirttoday, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leaveB Was he leavingC. Were he to leaveD. If he leavesdoctor suggested that hea short trip abroad.A. will takeB. w

38、ould takeD. tookC takeBakers arrived last night If they d only let us know earlier, at the statioruA. we d meet themB. we 11 meet themC we d have met themD we ve met themI you, Imore attention to English idioms and phrasesA. was； shall payB am； will payC would be； would payD were； would paymight hav

39、e failed if you us a helping handA. have not givenB would not giveC had not givenD did not givelaw requires that everyonehis car checked at least once a yearA. hasB. hadC haveD will haveis strange that he so.A. would sayB. would speakC should sayD will speakI known her name,A. or does she know mineB

40、 and where does she live?C she would be beautiful.D. I would have invited her tolunch.has just arrived, but he talks as if he all about thatA.knowB.knowsc.knownD.knewIthemoney, Iwouldhave bought a much bigger car.A.possessedB. ownedc.hadD. had hadwas very busy yesterday； otherwise, he to the meeting

41、A. would comeB cameC would have comeD will comelibrarian insists that Johnno more books from the librarybefore he returns all the books he has borrowedA. will takeB tookC takeD takesleft very early last night, but I wish Iso early.A. didn t leaveB hadn t leftC haven t leftD couldn t leavedo not have a job I would find one but I no timeA. hadB didn t haveC had hadD havewish that you such a bad headache because 1 m sure that youwould have enjoyed the concertA. hadn tB didn t have hadC hadn t hadD hadn t haveinsisted that we all in his office at one o clockA. beB. to beC would