MIS简答题解读

1、MIS简答题ChapterlSHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS (p. 33)1. What is the relati on ship betwee n man ageme nt in formatio n systems (MIS) and in formatio n tech no logy (IT)?ANSWER: MIS is a broad busi ness fun ctio n and the study of the use of IT.IT is a set of tools and a resource within MIS.2. What four steps

2、 should an orga ni zati on follow in determ ining which tech no logies to use?ANSWER: The four steps are: (1) assess the state of competiti on and in dustry pressures, (2) determ ine bus in ess strategies, (3) ide ntify importa nt bus in ess processes, and (4) alig n tech no logy tools with the bus

3、in ess processes.3. What is the relati on ship betwee n data, in formati on, bus in ess in tellige nee (BI), and kno wledge?ANSWER: Each build on the previous. Data are raw facts, while information is data that has meaning. Business intelligence collective in formatio n that gives you the ability to

4、 make strategic bus in ess decisi ons. Fin ally, knowledges a broad term that can en compass BI con text, how to affect BI, pate nts and trademarks, and orga ni zati onal kno w-how.4. How does the granularity of information change as it moves from lower to upper orga ni zati on al levels?t need asAN

5、SWER: At the lowest levels, in formati on granu larity is very fine because people n eed treme ndous detail to perform their jobs. As in formatio n moves up through the orga ni zati on, it becomes more coarse because people don much detail but rather aggregatio ns of in formati on.5. What is the dif

6、ferenee between a technology-literate knowledge worker and an in formati on-literate kno wledge worker?ANSWER: A technology-literate knowledge workkn ows how and whe n to apply tech no logy; that is, he/she un dersta nds the value and role of tech no logy. An information-literate knowledge workenows

7、 all about in formati on; that is, he/she un dersta nds the value and role of in formati on.6. How do ethics differ from laws?ANSWER: Laws either clearly require or prohibit an action. Ethics are more subjective, more a matter of pers onal or cultural in terpretati on.7. What role does the Five Forc

8、es Model play?ANSWER: Porter Five Forces Modelhelps bus in ess people un dersta nd the relative attractiveness of an industry and the industry s competitive pressures iterms of buyer power, supplier power, threat of substitute products or services, threat of new entran ts, and rivalry among existi n

9、g competitors.8. Why are competitive advantages never permanent?ANSWER: Once an orga ni zatio n creates a competitive adva ntage, all competitors move to offer similar or eve n better competitive adva ntages, thus nullifying the competitive advantage of the first organization.9. What are the three g

10、en eric strategies accordi ng to Michael Porter?ANSWER: The three gen eric strategies accordi ng to Michael Porter are: overall cost leadership, differe ntiati on, and focus.10. How are Porters three gen eric strategies, an-thovee versus abelow-the-li ne approach, and the RGT framework similar?ANSWE

11、R: They are similar as follows: (1) run = overall cost leadership =bottom line, (2) grow = focus and differentiation = top line, and (3) transform = (new) differentiation = top line (when the focus is innovation).11. What is the role of value-chain analysis?ANSWER: Value-chain analysiSs a systematic

12、 approach to assess ing and impro ving the value of bus in ess processes with in your orga ni zati on to further in crease it competitive stre ngths. So, value-cha in an alysis helps you ide ntify importa nt bus in ess processes and how tech no logy might help support them.Chapter2SHORT-ANSWER QUEST

13、IONS (p. 59)1. Why is the traditional buy-hold-sell inventory model an expensive and potentially risky one?ANSWER: The traditio nal in ve ntory model requires that (1) you create inven tory without a known dema nd, (2) you keep a lot of inven tory throughout the supply cha in, and (3) you sell off o

14、bsolete inven tory at a very low price.2. What is the role of a supply chain management (SCM) system?ANSWER: The role of a supply chain management (SCM) systeimto support supply cha in man ageme nt activities by automati ng the track ing of inven tory and in formati on among bus in ess processes and

15、 across compa nies.3. How does SCM fit into Porter s three gen eric strategies?ANSWER: SCM is most commo nly associated with the overall cost leadership gen eric strategy.4. What are the typical functions in a CRM system?ANSWER: The typical fun ctio ns in a CRM system in clude sales force automati o

16、n, customer service and support, and market ing campaig n man ageme nt and an alysis.5. How does CRM fit into the RGT framework?ANSWER: CRM is most com mon ly associated with grow ing the orga ni zati on in the RGT framework.6. What is the differenee between front office and back office systems?ANSW

17、ER: A front office systenis the primary in terface to a customer and a sales cha nn el, while aoack office systems used to fulfill and support customer orders.7. For what five things does e-collaboration provide support?ANSWER:E-collaboratio n supports (1) work activities within in tegratedcollabora

18、ti on en vir onmen ts, (2) kno wledge man ageme nt with kno wledge man ageme nt systems, (3) social n etwork ing with social n etwork ing systems, (4) lear ning with e-lear ning tools, and (5) in formal collaborati on to support ope n-source in formati on.8. What is the differenee between a social n

19、etworking site and a social networking system?ANSWER: A social networking site.g., Myspace) is a site on which you post in formati on about yourself, create a n etwork of frie nds, share content, and so on. A social networking systeim an IT system that li nks you to people you know and, from there,

20、to people your con tacts know.9. What is open-source information?ANSWER:Open-source informations content that is publicly available (in abroad sen se), free of charge, and most ofte n updateable by anyone.10. What are the three most com mon ways in which the IT function can be placed with in an orga

21、 ni zatio n?ANSWER: The three most com mon ways in which the IT fun cti ons can be placed are: top-dow n silo, matrix, and fully in tegrated.11. How are the structuring of the IT function and the philosophical approach to IT in terrelated?ANSWER: They are in terrelated in that the philosophical appr

22、oach is most ofte n impleme nted as a specific structure. Wait-a nd-see orga ni zatio ns tend to centralize the IT function in a top-down silo approach, while early IT adopters tend to disperse the IT fun cti on (i.e., either matrix or fully in tegrated).12. What is an enterprise resource planning (

23、ERP) system?ANSWER:An ERP systemis a collection of in tegrated software for busi nessman ageme nt, acco unting, finan ce, HR, project and inven tory man ageme nt, supply cha in, customer relati on ship man ageme nt, e-collaborati on, etc.Chapter3SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS (p. 90)1. What is bus in ess in

24、 tellige nee? Why it is more tha n just in formatio n?ANSWER:Business intelligence is knowledge - knowledge about yourcustomers, your competitors, your partners, your competitive environment, and your own internal operations. It is more than just information because it combines various types of info

25、rmation to allow you to make better decisions and operate more productively.2. What is online transaction processing (OLTP)?ANSWER:OLTP is the gatheri ng of in put in formatio n, processi ng thatinformation, and updating existing information to reflect the gathered and processed in formati on.3. Wha

26、t is online analytical processing (OLAP)?ANSWER:Online analytical processing(OLAP) is the manipulation ofin formati on to support decisi on making. It differs from OLTP in that it does not process tra nsacti ons but rather mani pulates existi ng in formatio n to support the making of a decisi on.4.

27、What is the most popular database model?ANSWER: The most popular database model is the relati onal database model.5. How are primary and foreign keys different?ANSWER: A primary key is a field that uniquely identifies a record in a relation of a database while foreign keyis a primary key of one file

28、 that appears in another file. So, primary keys must be unique in a given relation while foreig n keys do not have to be. They are the same in that both are used to enforce in tegrity con strai nts.6. What are the five software components of a database management system?ANSWER:The five important sof

29、tware components of a DBMS are (1)DBMS engine, (2) data definition subsystem, (3) data manipulation subsystem, (4) applicati on gen erati on subsystem, and (5) data adm ini strati on subsystem.7. How are QBE tools and SQL similar? How are they different?ANSWER: QBE tools and SQL are similar in that

30、they both give you the ability to create queries to find in formatio n in a database. They are differe nt in that QBE tools provide a GUI in terface while SQL requires that you create your query in stateme nt form.8. What is a data warehouse? How does it differ from a database?ANSWER:The four types

31、of information according to what informationdescribes are intern al, exter nal, objective, and subjective.9. What are the four major types of data-mining tools?ANSWER: The four major types of data mining tools are intelligent agents, query-and-reporting tools, multidimensional analysis tools, and st

32、atistical tools.10. What is a data mart? How is it similar to a data warehouse?ANSWER: A data mart is a subset of a data warehouse in which only a focused porti on of the data warehoused in formati on is kept.Chapter4SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS (p. 123)11. What are the four types of decision discussed in

33、 this chapter? Give an example of each.ANSWER: Nonrecurring or ad hoc decisions one that you make infrequently (perhaps only on ce) and you may eve n have differe nt criteria for determ ining the best solution each time. A merger with another company is an example. Recurring decisionsare decisi ons

34、that you have to make repeatedly and ofte n periodically, whether weekly, mon thly, quarterly, or yearly. An example would be which route to take to go to work. Nonstructured decisiois a decisi on for which there may be several “right answers and there is no precise way to get a right answer. An exa

35、mple would be whether to change a company sstrategy. Structured decisioris a decision where processing a certain kind of information in a specified way so that you will always get the right an swer. An example would be decid ing how much to pay employees. p. 9512. What are the four steps in making a

36、 decision?ANSWER: The four steps are in tellige nee, desig n, choice, and impleme ntati on. p. 9613. What is a DSS? Describe its components.?ANSWER:A decision support system (DSS) is a highly flexible andin teractive IT system that is desig ned to support decisi on making whe n the problem is not st

37、ructured. The comp onents of a decisi on support system are the model man ageme nt comp onent, the data man ageme ntcomp onent, and the user in terface man ageme nt comp onent. p. 9814. What is a geographic information system used for?ANSWER:A geographic information system is used for any type ofin

38、formati on that can be represe nted spatially. p. 10315. How is information represented in a geographic information system?ANSWER:A geographic information system represents information inoverlapping layers. p. 103.16. What is artificial intelligenee? Name the artificial intelligenee systems used wid

39、ely in bus in ess?ANSWER: Artificial intelligence (Al) is the science of making machines imitate huma n thi nki ng and behavior. The types of artificial in tellige nee widely used in bus in ess are expert systems, n eural n etworks, gen etic algorithms, and in tellige nt age nts. p. 10417. What are

40、four advantages of an expert system?ANSWER: Four adva ntages would be their ability to han dle large amounts of data; to reduce errors; to aggregate information from various sources; and to improve customer service. p. 10618. What sort of problems is an expert system used for?ANSWER:An expert system

41、 is used or diagnostic (what wrong?) andprescriptive (what to do?) types of problems. p. 10519. What sort of problem does a neural network solve?ANSWER: A neural network solves problems involving the recognition and differe ntiati on of patters n. p. 10820. What three concepts of evolution are used

42、by the genetic algorithm?ANSWER:The three con cepts are select ion, mutati on, and crossoverSelection is the feature of a genetic algorithm that give preferenee to betteroutcomes Mutation is a feature of a genetic algorithm; it s the process of tryingcomb in atio ns and evaluat ing the success (or f

43、ailure) of the outcomeC rossovers the feature of a gen etic algorithm where porti ons of good outcomes are comb ined in the hope of creating an even better outcome. p. 11221. What are intelligent agents? What tasks can they perform?ANSWER: Intelligent agents are software that assists you, or act on

44、your behalf, in perform ing repetitive computer-related tasks. They can find good deals on the Internet, monitor computer networks for failures, fill out forms, play computer games, and so on. p. 11312. What is a multi-age nt system?ANSWER: A multi-agent systems a group of in tellige nt age nts that

45、 each has the ability to work in depe nden tly and to in teract with others. p. 11613. What do mon itori ng-a nd-surveilla nee age nts do?ANSWER:Monitoring-and-surveillanceagents (or predictive agents arein tellige nt age nts that observe and report on equipme nt. p. 114Chapter5SHORT-ANSWER QUESTION

46、S (p. 155)1. What is electronic commerce?ANSWER: Electronic commerces commerce, but it is commerce accelerated and enhan ced by IT, in particular the Intern et.2. How can use you a B2B e-marketplace to reduce your dependency on a particular supplier?ANSWER: You can use a B2B e-marketplace to find ot

47、her suppliers and also participate in reverse auctions to find the best supplier with the best price.3. How do convenience and specialty items differ in the B2C e-commerce bus in ess model?ANSWER: Convenience items are lower-priced but someth ing n eeded on a frequent basis. Specialty items are high

48、er-priced, ordered on a less frequent basis, and ofte n require customizati on.4. Why do commoditylike and digital items sell well in the B2C e-commerce bus in ess model?ANSWER: Commoditylike items work well because they are the same no matter where you buy them. Digital products work well because t

49、here is no real associated shipp ing or storage costs.5. What is mass customization?ANSWER: Mass customization the ability of an orga ni zati on to give its customers the opport unity to tailor its product or service to the customer specificati ons.6. How does a reverse auction work?ANSWER: In a rev

50、erse aucti on, you place a request for products an d/or services and suppliers continually submit lower bids until there is only one supplier left.7. How are vertical and horizontal e-marketplaces different?ANSWER: Vertical e-marketplaces connect buyers and sellers in a give n in dustry while horiz

51、on tal e-marketplaces connect buyers and sellers across many in dustries.8. What can a marketi ng mix in clude for a B2C e-commerce bus in ess?ANSWER: A market ing mix for a B2C bus in ess can in clude registeri ng with search engin es, on li ne ads, viral marketi ng, and affiliate programs.9. What

52、are the major types of B2C e-commerce payment systems?ANSWER: The major types of B2C e-commerce payme nt systems in clude credit cards, smart cards, finan cial cybermediaries, electr onic checks, and Electro nic Bill Prese ntme nt and Payme nt.10. What is the difference between a client-side digital

53、 wallet and a server-side digital wallet?ANSWER: You keep a clie nt-side digital wallet on your pers onal computer while a server-side digital wallet is stored on a Web server.11. How are Secure Sockets Layers (SSLs) and Secure Electronic Transactions (SETs) differe nt? How are they the same?ANSWER:

54、 SSLs and SETs are differe nt in that SETs also provide a mecha nism for en suri ng the legitimacy of the user of the payme nt device. They are both the same in that they create a secure connection between the client and the server computers.Chapter6SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS (p. 189)1. What are the thr

55、ee primary groups of people who undertake the systems developme nt process?ANSWER: The three primary groups of people who undertake the systems development process are in-house IT specialists (insourcing, end users (selfsourcing and ano ther orga ni zati on 0 utsourcing.2. What is the systems develo

56、pment life cycle?ANSWER: The SDLC is a structured step-by-step 即proach for developing in formati on systems.3. What are scope creep and feature creep?ANSWER: Scope creepoccurs whe n the scope of the project in creases bey ond its origi nal inten ti ons.Feature creepoccurs whe n developers (and end u

57、sers)add extra features that were not part of the in itial requireme nts.4. How do the four implementation methods differ?ANSWER: Parallel implementationuses both the old and new systems until the new system is verified. Plunge implementationimmediately ceasesus ing the old system and beg ins using

58、the new system. Pilot implementationco nverts only a group of users un til the new system is verified. Phased implementation conv erts only a porti on of the system un til it can be verified.5. What is component-based development?ANSWER: Component-baseddevelopment is a general approach to systems development that focuses on building small self-contained b locks of code (components) that can be reused across a variety of applications within an orga ni zati on.6. How are component-based development and a service-oriented architecture related?