高考必考语法改错之主谓一致十大经典错误

1、主谓一致主谓一致 错中学错中学 易掌握易掌握 印象深印象深 永不忘永不忘 主谓一致主谓一致是指英语句子中_ 和_在_、_方面的一 致。主谓一致是中学英语语 法教学的重点，也是历届高 考单项选择 短文改错题 中的测试重点之一。 主语主语 谓语谓语数数人称人称 主谓一致的三条原则主谓一致的三条原则 现代英语主谓一致大致要遵循以下三条原则： 主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是 复数，谓语动词用复数形式。 2)意义一致原则。 3)就近原则。 由either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also连接或由here, there等引导的句子，谓语动词遵循这一原则。 主语和

2、谓语的一致不是由主语的语法形式来决 定，而是由主语所表达的意义决定。 谓语动词的单、复数取决于最靠近它的主语。 1) 语法一致原则。 主谓一致错误主谓一致错误 谓语动词的人称和数与主语不一致。谓语动词的人称和数与主语不一致。 1 检查主谓在数上是否违背了语法一致的原则。检查主谓在数上是否违背了语法一致的原则。 2 检查主谓在数上是否违背了意义一致的原则。检查主谓在数上是否违背了意义一致的原则。 3 检查主谓在数上是否违背了邻近原则。检查主谓在数上是否违背了邻近原则。 主谓一致考点：主谓一致考点： （1 1）主语与谓语动词的语法一致；）主语与谓语动词的语法一致； （2 2）就近原则（）就近原则（

3、eitheror / neithernor / not eitheror / neithernor / not only but alsoonly but also等结构中的一致问题）；等结构中的一致问题）； （3 3）附加原则，主语）附加原则，主语 + together / along with / in + together / along with / in addition to / as well as / except / besides / addition to / as well as / except / besides / includingincluding等等 + +

4、 谓语动词结构中的主谓一致问题；谓语动词结构中的主谓一致问题； （4 4）整体原则（主语从句、不定式、时间、距离、金钱等）整体原则（主语从句、不定式、时间、距离、金钱等 词组做主语，通常被视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；词组做主语，通常被视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式； （5 5）有一类词（）有一类词（team / all / some / the rest team / all / some / the rest 等）要根等）要根 据它在句中实际表达的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数据它在句中实际表达的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数 1. the teacher as well as the st

5、udents were excited. 【改错改错】 was _ 主谓一致主谓一致第一题第一题 主语与谓语被插入成分分 割,这时要跨越插入成分,找到真正的主语。即： 主语+with / along with / together with / as well as / besides / except / but / like /unlike / rather than / including等+名词或 代词时,谓语动词的数应与前面的主语保持一致。 注意！ 核心指数核心指数 难度指数难度指数 no.1 2. either you or one of your students are to

6、attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 【改错改错】 is _ 主谓一致主谓一致第二题第二题 当两个主语由either or, neither nor, whether or , not only but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主 语一致。 注意！ 核心指数核心指数 难度指数难度指数 no.2 3. all we need are a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the

7、 year. 【改错改错】 is _ 主谓一致主谓一致第三题第三题 句意：所有我们需要的只是 一小块在一年的成长季节里能够种植各种各样的 果树的土地。all作主语时，如指复数概念，动词 用复数；如指单数概念，动词用单数。根据后面 的a small piece of land可知这里表示单数概念 。 注意！ 核心指数核心指数 难度指数难度指数 no.3 1. the construction of the two new railway lines have been completed by now. （陕西卷（陕西卷 06-12） 【改错改错】 has _ 主谓一致十大典型错误例析主谓一致十

8、大典型错误例析 the construction作主语作主语 不可数名词作主语不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数. 注意！ 语法一致原则 1.the university estimates that living expenses for international students _ around $8,450 a year, which _ a burden for some of them.(2013湖南) 第一空定语从句主语为living expenses，用复 数谓语；第二空which指代整个主句引导定 语从句作从句的主语，谓语应用单数。 are is 语法填空： 2

9、. generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others _ essential to their development.(2013江苏) 主语为motivation抽象名词，故谓语为单数； 根据generally可知，谓语为一般现在时态。 is 3. all the scientific evidence _ (show) that increasing use of chemicals in farming _ damaging our health.(2012湖南) 第一空主语为evidence不

10、可数名词，故谓语为单 数；第二空that宾语从句中主语为increasing use为抽象名词，故谓语动词为单数。 shows is 21. not the students but the teacher have been praised. 【改错改错】 has _ 主谓一致十大典型错误例析主谓一致十大典型错误例析 在在not.but.句型中，谓句型中，谓 语动词应与语动词应与but后面的名词或代词保持一致。后面的名词或代词保持一致。 因此应将因此应将have改为改为has。 注意！ 就近原则就近原则 eitheror / neithernor / not only but also 22

11、. there are a rubber and two pencils in the box. 【改错改错】 is _ 主谓一致十大典型错误例析主谓一致十大典型错误例析 there be句型中句型中be动词的动词的 数的形式常取决于其后所接的第一个名词数的形式常取决于其后所接的第一个名词 数的形式。此句中应将数的形式。此句中应将are改为改为is。 注意！ 就近原则就近原则 23. there is a wide variety of people on the earth. 【改错改错】 are _ 主谓一致十大典型错误例析主谓一致十大典型错误例析 a variety of “形形色色的，

12、形形色色的， 各种各样的各种各样的”， of之后的名词是可数时，之后的名词是可数时， 其名词要用复数，谓语也要用复数形式。其名词要用复数，谓语也要用复数形式。 注意！ not only i but also jane and mary _ tired of having one examination after another. neither he nor i _ clear about his intention. either you or he _ mistaken about me. _ either of you a teacher? _ you or he a teacher?

13、 are am is is are 语法填空： 3. you rather than i am going to go camping. 【改错改错】 are _ 主谓一致十大典型错误例析主谓一致十大典型错误例析 rather than 连接两个名连接两个名 词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持 一致。一致。 注意！ i, rather than he , is to blame. am _ 附加原则附加原则 1. the famous musician, as well as hi

14、s students, _(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 taipei flower expo.(2013福建) 根据2012年标志词，谓语为一般过去时态；as well as连接两个名词作主语，谓语动词跟第 一个名词保持一致。 was invited 语法填空： 41. riding on the swings and playing with the ducks in the pond was our childrens greatest pleasures when we took them to the p

15、ark. 【改错改错】 were _ 主谓一致十大典型错误例析主谓一致十大典型错误例析 句子主语为两个并列的 v.ing，表示两件事情，根据下文when we took them to the park，所以用过去时态。 注意！ 名词性从句及非谓语动词作主语. 一般谓语 动词用单数形式,但名词性从句及非谓语动 词作主语分指两件事,则 用复数形式. 42. what i say and do is of the same. 【改错改错】 are _ 主谓一致十大典型错误例析主谓一致十大典型错误例析 what i say and do即即 what i say and what i do，说与做说

16、与做是两是两 个不同的概念，应视为复数，将个不同的概念，应视为复数，将is改为改为are。 注意！ what引导的名词性从句在句中作主语 43. what he sent her was some pretty combs. 【改错改错】 were _ 主谓一致十大典型错误例析主谓一致十大典型错误例析 当主语从句与其后的表语当主语从句与其后的表语 可以互换时，其谓语动词应与后面的表语可以互换时，其谓语动词应与后面的表语 保持一致，故应将保持一致，故应将was改为改为were,与与some pretty combs保持一致。保持一致。 注意！ what引导的名词性从句在句中作主语 what i

17、miss most badly _ the happy hours we spent together. studying rules _ helpful, but until such rules are used, they can be of no value to you. how the tv evening will be organized and who will be the general director _ not been decided. learning a theory and putting it into practice _two different th

18、ings. what i want _ details. is is has are are 语法填空： 44. i wonder who is playing volleyball. 【改错改错】 are _ 主谓一致十大典型错误例析主谓一致十大典型错误例析 打排球至少是两个人以打排球至少是两个人以 上，从句中的谓语动词应用复数，把上，从句中的谓语动词应用复数，把is改改 为为are。 who _ you? who _ it? 注意！ 意义一致原则 are is 疑问词who、what、which作 主语时，谓语动词可根据说 话人所要表达的意思决定单、 复数。 51. both rice a

19、nd cotton is grown in the southern areas. 【改错改错】 are _ 主谓一致十大典型错误例析主谓一致十大典型错误例析 and, both.and 连结的并列主语. 若代表两个不同的事物, 用复数形式. 注意！ 并列主语的主谓一致 52.the teacher and musician are going to give us a lecture. 【改错改错】 is _ 主谓一致十大典型错误例析主谓一致十大典型错误例析 主语主语the teacher and musician是指一个人的两种身份，既是教师又是指一个人的两种身份，既是教师又 是音乐家，因

20、而应将是音乐家，因而应将are改为改为is。如果表示两个。如果表示两个 人，应分别用定冠词来限制。如：人，应分别用定冠词来限制。如：the teacher and the headmaster have gone to beijing.老老 师和校长两人去北京了。师和校长两人去北京了。 注意！ 意义一致原则 53.the bread and butter are his favourite food. 【改错改错】 is _ 主谓一致十大典型错误例析主谓一致十大典型错误例析 习惯上把习惯上把bread and butter看成是一个整体，所以系动词应为看成是一个整体，所以系动词应为 is，而不

21、用，而不用are。类似的例子还有：。类似的例子还有：knife and fork, needle and thread, law and order, war and peace, watch and chain, 等等。等等。 注意！ 意义一致原则 the secretary and cashier of the hotel _ absent today. the secretary and the cashier of the hotel _ absent today. the watch and chain _ beautiful. is are is 语法填空： 【完成句子】用动词的适

22、当形式填空 (1)战争与和平是一个历史上的永恒的主题。 war and peace_ (be) a constant theme in history. (2)中国丝绸和日本丝绸质量都很好。 chinese and japanese silk_ (be) of good quality. 【结论】当and连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、 同一事或者同一概念时，应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。 另外，当and 连接两个形容词去修饰一个单数形式的主语时， 其实是指两种不同的事物，主语则应该看作是复数， 那么谓语 动词也应该用复数。 is are 【特别提醒】英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有：

23、iron and steel钢铁 law and order治安 bread and butter 黄油面包 a watch and chain一块带链的表 a knife and fork刀叉 a coat and tie配有领带的上衣 aim and end目的 truth and honesty真诚 无知与疏忽是这错误的原因。 误：ignorance and negligence have caused this mistake. 正：ignorance and negligence has caused this mistake. 说明：两个以上的主语用连起来表 示一个单纯的意思或观念

24、时，动 词要用单数。例如 truth and honesty is always the best policy. slow and steady wins the race. bread and butter is his abomination (憎恶,厌恶). 54.each boy and each girl in our class are able to sing in english. 【改错改错】 is _ 主谓一致十大典型错误例析主谓一致十大典型错误例析 当当 “each / every/no/many a + 单数名词单数名词 + and each / every /no/

25、many a +单数名词单数名词 结结 构应用单数动词。构应用单数动词。 注意！ 并列主语的主谓一致 【完成句子】形式一致原则 (1)every boy and every girl _(be) having sports now. (2)one and a half hours _(be) not enough to me. (3)more than one boy _(be) invited to the ball yesterday. (4) many a student in our class _(wear) glasses. (5) did you go to the show l

26、ast night? yeah. every boy and girl in the area _ invited. is is was wears was 【结论】 every / each / no 名词and every / each / no 名词作主语时，谓语用单数。 “one 单数名词and a half”作主 语时，谓语动词用单数。 “more than one 名词”作主语时， 谓语动词用单数形式。 “many a 单数名词”作主语时，谓 语动词用单数。 during the holidays every train and ship _ crowded. each day a

27、nd each hour _(bring) its duty and one half of my time _ spent in reading. is brings is 语法填空： 6. a hundred years are called a century. 【改错改错】 is _ 主谓一致十大典型错误例析主谓一致十大典型错误例析 表示表示时间、金钱、距离、时间、金钱、距离、 重量等复数名词重量等复数名词，在表示单位数量用作主，在表示单位数量用作主 语时，通常被语时，通常被看作整体看作整体，谓语动词用，谓语动词用单数单数。 a hundred years应被看作一个整体，谓语应被看作

28、一个整体，谓语 动词应用单数形式，动词应用单数形式，are要改为要改为is。又如：。又如： five dollars is not enough to buy that pen.五美元是不够买那枝钢笔的。五美元是不够买那枝钢笔的。 注意！ 整体原则整体原则 twenty dollars in a week _ only a small sum three hours with your girl friend _ (seem) to be short time. it was reported that six _ (kill) including a boy. were killed is

29、seems 语法填空： 7. a number of university students is waiting for the bus. 【改错改错】 are _ 主谓一致十大典型错误例析主谓一致十大典型错误例析 a number of是固定短是固定短 语，相当于语，相当于many，所以谓语动词应用复数，所以谓语动词应用复数， 改为改为are waiting for。 the number of university students goes up. 注意！ 1. the number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ a

30、bsent for different reasons.（nmet 1996） 2. an increasing number of students, year by year, across china _(try) hard to realize their dream of studying abroad. were was are trying 语法填空： 81. more than one student were able to climb up the mountain. 【改错改错】 was _ 主谓一致十大典型错误例析主谓一致十大典型错误例析 more than one单数

31、名词单数名词 作单数用，因此句中作单数用，因此句中were应改为应改为was。 但但“ more + 复数名词复数名词 + than one ” 结构，结构， 一般用复数动词。一般用复数动词。 注意！ 复数意义，但一般用单数动词 (1) more than a student_ been sent to japan since the 1990s. (2) more than a hundred students_ been sent to japan since the 1990s. (3) more members than one _ (have) protested against t

32、he proposal. has have have 消防队员死了不止一人。 误：more than one firemen were killed. 正：more than one fireman was killed. 说明: “more than” 通常接单数名词或动 词。例如: “more than more one man has told me so.” 但是说 “there are more than one man here.”和 “there is more than one man here.” 都正确。 82. many a student are playing gam

33、es on the playground and only one girl or two are reading in the classroom. 【改错改错】 is _ 主谓一致十大典型错误例析主谓一致十大典型错误例析 many a student作主语，作主语， 谓语用第三人称单数形式谓语用第三人称单数形式 . one girl or two 谓语也用三人称单数。 注意！ 复数意义，但一般用单数动词 is _ many+复数名词, 用复数动词; many a(n) +单数可数,用单数动词. many young girls _ (like) to wear loose garments

34、. many a young girl_ (like) to wear loose garments. “a +单数名词+ or two ” 结构，多用单数动词。 但 “ one or two + 复数名词” 结构，多用复数动 词。 one or two reasons _ suggested. a day or two _ enough. like likes were is one and a half + 复数名词作主语,用单数 动词. one and a half bananas _ left on the table. is 91. the police has arrested a

35、ll the suspects. 【改错改错】 have _ the police, a policeman the police作作“警察警察”“”“警方警方”解解,在句中作在句中作 主语时主语时,谓语动词必须是复数形式。谓语动词必须是复数形式。 集合名词作主语. 主谓一致十大典型错误例析主谓一致十大典型错误例析 92. a police caught the thief. 【改错改错】 policeman _ police意为意为“警察部门警察部门”是集合名词是集合名词,表示复表示复 数意义数意义,前面必须有定冠词。前面必须有定冠词。policeman意为意为 “警务人员警务人员”,如果要

36、表示如果要表示“一个警察一个警察”,则用则用 a policeman或或a police officer。 the police, a policeman 主谓一致十大典型错误例析主谓一致十大典型错误例析 93. the police are an organization which protects the public from harm. 【改错改错】 is _ the police还可作还可作“警察局警察局”解解=the police station ,在句中用作主语时谓语动词用单数形在句中用作主语时谓语动词用单数形 式。式。 the police, a policeman 主谓一致

37、十大典型错误例析主谓一致十大典型错误例析 有些集合名词 police ，people， cattle 表 复数概念，用复数动词。 the police _ searching for the murderer the town. the chinese people _ brave and hard -working. the chinese people _ a brave and hard-working one. the chinese _ a hard-working people are are is are 94. the family is having a chat in th

38、e living room. 【改错改错】 are _ 有些集合名词有些集合名词 team ， audience， family ， crew ， class, public， government, enemy ，group 若作一个整体若作一个整体, 用单数动词用单数动词; 若看为一个个成员，用复数动词。若看为一个个成员，用复数动词。 主谓一致十大典型错误例析主谓一致十大典型错误例析 zhangs family _ rather big, with twelve people in all. (c85) is 语法填空： 【完成句子】用动词的适当形式填空 (11)the disabled_

39、 (be) well taken care of in this country. (12)the news_ (be) certain to replace the old. (13)the rest of the workers_ (be) still very tired. (14)his family_ (be) all sitting in the sofa watching tv. 【结论】 “the adj.”结构指人时，谓语动词用复数； 如果表示抽象的概念，谓语动词用单数。 are is are are 分数、百分数、all, some, the rest, half of,

40、most of, part of 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据其指代 的含义确定。 主语为集合名词时，如果看作一个整体，谓语动 词用单数；如果侧重其中的个体，谓语动词用复数。 这类集体名词常见的有：army, audience, cattle, class, club, committee, crowd, family, government, group, majority, minority, part, people, police, public, staff, team等，其中cattle，people，police一般看成复数形 式。 95.the population of

41、china are larger than that of america. 【改错改错】 is _ 主谓一致十大典型错误例析主谓一致十大典型错误例析 population指的是人口指的是人口 这一整体概念，应视为单数，因而句中的这一整体概念，应视为单数，因而句中的 are应改为应改为is。但在特定的语境中也可以看。但在特定的语境中也可以看 作复数。如：作复数。如： 80%of the population in our country _ farmers.我国我国80%的人口是农民。的人口是农民。 注意！ are the + adj. 采用意义一致的原则。表“人” 作复数看,表“抽象物”则

42、作单数看. the old _ being done away with. (旧的东西) in that country, the rich _ (become) richer, the poor, poorer. the government _ (have) discussed the matter for a long time, but they have shown no signs of reaching an agreement. do away with废除，去掉；弄死 is become have (1)the old man_(live) a happy life in n

43、ew china. (2)the old _(live) a happy life in new china. (3)the old _ being done away with. lives live is (旧的东西) 101. physics are a difficult subject to learn. 【改错改错】 is _ 主谓一致十大典型错误例析主谓一致十大典型错误例析 一些表学科的名词一些表学科的名词, physics, maths ,politics 用单数形式用单数形式. 注意！ 以s 结尾的名词 专有名词 the united nations, the united

44、states. 用单 数. the arabian nights _ well known to english lovers. the united nations _ founded in 1945. 3) the olympic games 可用单数也可用复数 the olympic games in the year 2,008 _ held in beijing. 有些名词只以复数形式存在, glasses shorts, scissors, arms, clothes, goods. wages 等（见名词）用复数形 式. 但有表单数的量词与之连用,则用单数形式. my trous

45、ers _ torn another pair of trousers _ been made for me. this pair of shoes _ made in nanjing. is was was are has was 102. every possible means have been used to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. 【改错改错】 has _ 主谓一致十大典型错误例析主谓一致十大典型错误例析 means单复数一样，根单复数一样，根 据句子意思：每种办法都用过了，这里据句子意思

46、：每种办法都用过了，这里 means是单数。是单数。“用过了用过了”用现在完成时；用现在完成时； 注意！ 单复同形的名词 单复同形的名词, means ,species , works等（见名词）, 用意义一致的原则： 如表 单数概念,用单数形式; 表复数概 念,用复数形式. the only means to protect wild life _ to forbid killing wild animals. all means _ (have) been tried to save the sick panda. the iron and steel works _(turn out)

47、five hundred thousand tons of steel every year. another two iron and steel works _ (have)been built outside the city. 注意: work 作“著作”时，为可数名词，常用复数形式. shakespears works _ (include) plays and poems. one of marxs works _ written in english in the 1860s. is have turns out have include was 103.the olympic

48、games is held once every four years. 【改错改错】 are _ 主谓一致十大典型错误例析主谓一致十大典型错误例析 与定冠词与定冠词the连用连用,在特在特 指某届指某届次次运动会时其谓语动词用单数运动会时其谓语动词用单数 形式形式,统指统指(多届的多届的)运动会时其谓语动词用复运动会时其谓语动词用复 数形式数形式,作专有名称时首字母常大写。作专有名称时首字母常大写。 注意！ 以s 结尾的名词 the olympic games in the year 2,008 _ held in beijing. was 11. the kind of books an

49、author writes depend on the kind of man who he is. 【改错改错】 depends _ 主谓一致十大典型错误例析主谓一致十大典型错误例析 a kind ofkinds of作主语作主语 时，谓语动词的单复数由时，谓语动词的单复数由kind决定，决定， typesort也是这样。也是这样。 该句的主语是该句的主语是kind， 为单数形式，所以为单数形式，所以depend应改为应改为depends。 men of this kind _ dangerous. 注意！ are “ this kind of +单数名词” = “a +单数 名词+ of

50、this kind ” 用单数动 词； “this kind of +复数名词 ” 用单数动词； 但 “these kind of +复数名词 ”/ “复数 名词+ of this kind” / “all kinds of + 复 数名词” ，用复数动词。 (1) this kind of cakes_ good. (2) cakes of this kind_ different. (3) these kind（s）of apple（s）_ sweet. is are are 12. some of the soil are red. 【改错改错】 is _ 主谓一致十大典型错误例析主谓一

51、致十大典型错误例析 如果如果some，all，lots of等等 与不可数名词连用，其谓语动词用单数；与不可数名词连用，其谓语动词用单数； 如果与可数名词连用，其谓语动词须用复如果与可数名词连用，其谓语动词须用复 数形式。如：数形式。如：all of my pencils are in the bag .我所有的铅笔都在书包里。我所有的铅笔都在书包里。/all of the ink is good.所有的墨水都很好。所有的墨水都很好。 注意！ 百分数, 分数, enough, rest, part 后接单数 可数或不可数, 用单数动词; 后接复数可数用复 数动词. all the money

52、_ spent, but i think part of it _ wasted. half of his goods _ (be) stolen the other day. half of nurses _ dismissed but it was he, not you, who _ wrong. was was were were was 不定代词作主语 1. all, both 采用意义一致的原则。表人或物(可数) 作复数, 但 all 表“所有的一 切” 作单数. all that can be eaten _ (have be ) eaten up. - all _ gone, the old familiar faces. - dont be too sad. my friends, no less than i , _ glad to see you. both _ (feel)