太阳热水系统设计资料

1、一 我国主要城市的辐射参数表城市纬度（）日辐射量（kw/m2d）最佳倾角（op）斜面日辐射量（kw/m2d）修正系数（kop）哈尔滨45.68127033158381.1400长春43.90135721171271.1548沈阳41.77137931165631.0671北京39.80152614180351.0976天津39.10143565167221.0692呼和浩特40.78165743200751.1468太原37.78150615173941.1005乌鲁木齐43.781446412165941.0092西宁36.75167771196171.1360兰州36.0514966815

2、8420.9489银川38.48165532196151.1559西安34.301278114129520.9275上海31.17127603136910.9900南京32.00130995142071.0249合肥31.85125259132990.9988杭州30.23116683123720.9362南昌28.67130942137140.8640福州26.08120014124510.8978济南36.68140436159941.0630郑州34.72133327145581.0476武汉30.63132017137070.9036长沙28.20113776115890.8028广州

3、23.13121107127020.8850海口20.031383512135100.8761南宁22.82125155127340.8231成都30.67103922103040.7553贵阳26.58103278102350.8135昆明25.02141948153330.9216拉萨29.70213018241511.0964二 我国主要城市日照时数及日照百分率地名日照时数（小时）日照百分率（）平均冬夏平均冬夏满洲里2750.5176.3272.46265.758.3海拉尔2763.1188.8267.26269.757.0呼和浩特2960.7206.5276.56770.060.7齐齐

4、哈尔2902.9202.8275.56573.359.7长春2653.4191.3241.46156.753.7四平2751.8206.8235.26371.352.3抚顺2532.2177.0220.15760.349.3沈阳2546.9170.8229.95758.751.7鞍山2535.5172.1227.95758.351.3锦州2761.7201.6232.46268.752.3张家口2832.1200.3258.26567.758.0北京2763.7200.6242.56367.355.0唐山2656.2179.9238.96060.354.3天津2850.3195.8269.86

5、465.361.7保定267.1187.6240.76062.355.0石家庄2664.0191.8233.16063.753.7大连2804.1193.5241.66364.757.3开封2327.6153.4228.65350.053.7郑州2451.6173.1238.05556.356.0洛阳2246.6150.5222.45149.052.3济南2776.3188.0260.56361.760.3青岛2550.8175.4181.25758.049.7大同2855.8199.7263.26467.360.0太原2756.0202.5250.36267.058.3蚌埠2179.7143

6、.9218.74946.051.7合肥2287.9142.5247.95145.758.7徐州2400.4155.9234.95450.755.0南京2182.4141.9227.54945.754.0上海1986.1132.2215.64541.751.3杭州1902.1122.8203.94340.049.3宁波2019.7129.0229.94640.754.7宝鸡1958.1144.1198.44445.746.6西安1966.4130.0212.34442.349.7张掖3026.7220.2274.96874.062.7银川3028.6236.0295.06872.067.3兰州2

7、571.4183.6247.15860.057.3延安2373.5189.5215.75471.748.0西宁2670.7208.1234.06168.354.0福州1859.7114.2219.24334.353.7厦门2338.8152.7235.35146.657.3基隆1370.146.9241.43114.058.0南昌1968.3110.8235.54434.755.7武汉1967.0111.4226.64536.054.3长沙1815.194.3235.44129.056.6衡水1711.080.4240.83925.250.7桂林1675.591.3199.13829.348.

8、7南宁1843.1101.9198.94130.789.3广州1951.4132.3207.74440.05.3湛江1982.8115.8203.74537.050.7东沙岛1745.387.4179.83926.044.0成都1211.366.8154.92721.037.0重庆1257.645.3197.42814.344.7遵义1236.940.3178.12812.740.3贵阳1404.363.1127.13219.342.3昆明2521.9257.5158.95773.039.6乌鲁木齐2802.7158.1306.66355.068.0吐鲁番3126.6216.4314.5737

9、3.370.0玉门3212.6216.4309.67373.370.0哈密3310.4206.8329.47571.773.3拉萨3005.1240.0234.46875.356.3三 目测风向风力当没有测定风向风速的仪器,或虽有仪器但因故障而不能使用时,可用目测风向风力。一、 估计风力根据风对地面火海面的影响而引起的各种现象,按风力等级表估计风力,并记录其相应风速的中数值。二、 目测风向根据炊烟、旌旗、布条展开的方向及人的感觉,按八方位估计。目测风向风力时，观测者应站在空旷处，多选几个物体，认真地观测，以尽量减少主观的估计的估计误差。三、 风力等级（见下表）风力等级名称海面大概的波高（米）海

10、面和渔船征象陆上地物征象相当于平面十米高处的风速（米/秒）一般最高范围中数0无风_海面平静静、烟直上0.00.201软风0.10.1微波如鱼鳞起伏,没有浪花,一般渔船正好能驶舵烟能表示风向,树叶略有摇动0.31.512轻风0.20.3小波,波长尚短,但波形显著,波峰光亮但不破裂；渔船张帆时，可随风移行每小时12海里树叶有微动旗子开始飘动，高的草开始动1.63.323微风0.61.0小波加大，波峰开始破裂，浪沫光亮，有时可有散见的白浪花；渔船开始颠簸，张帆随风移行34海里/h树叶及小枝摇动不息，旗子展开高的草摇动不息3.45.444和风1.01.5小浪，波长变长，白浪成群出现；渔船满帆时，可使船

11、身倾于一侧能吹起地面的灰尘、纸张，树枝动摇，高的草呈波浪起伏5.57.975轻劲风2.02.5中浪，具有较显著的长波形状，许多白浪形成（偶有飞沫）；渔船需缩帆一部分有叶的小树摇摆，内陆的水面有小波,高的草波浪起伏明显8.010.796强风3.04.0轻度大浪开始形成，到处都有更大的白沫峰（有时有些飞沫）；渔船缩帆大部分，并注意风大树枝摇动，电线呼呼有声，撑伞困难,高的草不时倾伏于地10.813.8127疾风4.05.5轻度大浪，碎浪而成白沫沿风向呈条状；渔船不再出港，在海者下锚全树摇动，大树枝弯下来，迎风步行感觉不便13.917.1168大风5.57.5有中度的大浪，波长较长，波峰边缘开始破碎

12、成飞沫片，白浪沿风向呈明显的条带；所有的近海渔船都要靠港，停留不出可折毁小树枝，人迎风前行感觉阻力甚大17.220.7199烈风7.010.0狂浪，沿风向白沫呈浓密的条带状，波峰开始翻滚，飞沫可影响能见度；机帆船航行困难草房遭受破坏，屋瓦被掀起，大树枝可折断20.824.42310狂风9.012.5狂涛，白沫成片出现，沿风向呈白色浓密条带，整个海面呈白色，海面颠簸加大有震动感，能见度受影响，机帆船航行颇困难树木可被吹倒，一般建筑物遭毁坏24.528.42611暴风11.516.0异常狂涛，海面完全被沿风向吹出的白沫片所掩盖，波浪到处破成泡沫，能见度受影响，机帆船遇之极危险大树可被吹倒，一般建筑

13、物遭严重毁坏28.532.63112飓 风14.0空中充满了白色的浪花和飞沫，海面完全变白，能见度严重的受到影响陆上少见，其摧毁力极大32.633四 太阳热水系统水质要求由于各地的水质情况不同，对于水质较差的地区，使用太阳热水系统时，将严重影响使用效果，因此，皇明公司要求客户在使用太阳热水系统时，其给水水质必须达到下列指标（参考生活引用卫生水标准），方可保证使用效果。项目指标项目指标总硬度（mg/l）250溶解氧（mg/l）10悬浮物（mg/l）5含油量（mg/l）5ph值（25c）7含铁量（mg/l）0.3若用户的水质达不到上述的要求时，应采取适当的措施，使水质满足要求。注：1、总硬度 表示

14、水中钙盐、镁盐的总含量。硬度分碳酸盐硬度和非碳酸盐硬度两种，前者表示水中溶解的重碳酸钙ca（hco3）2和重碳酸镁mg（hco3）2的含量，当加热到沸腾时，这些盐分以泥渣状态沉淀出来，所以又称为暂时硬度；后者表示水中溶解的氯化钙cacl2、氯化镁mgcl2、硫酸钙caso4、硫酸镁mgso4及其它钙镁盐的含量，这类盐分沸煮时不易沉淀，又称为永久硬度。这两种硬度总和称为总硬度，硬度单位用mg/l。2、悬浮物 悬浮物包括砂子、石子、铁屑等无机化合物和动植物有机体的微小碎片纤维或腐烂产物。3、ph值 用来表示水的酸碱性，ph7时，水为中性；ph7时，水为碱性。4、含氧量 表示水中氧的含量，用mg/l

15、表示。5、氧气腐蚀 氧是强烈的阴极去极化剂，能吸收阴极电子形成氢氧离子oh，因而使腐蚀过程加剧。6、含油量 表示水中油的含量，用mg/l表示。7、含铁量 表水水总铁离子的含量，用mg/l表示。8、氧化铁垢 当水中含铁量过高时，会产生氧化铁垢，主要成分为铁的氧化物，这种水垢通常外表面为咖啡色，内层为灰色而垢下则有少量的白色盐类。9、垢下腐蚀 当金属表面有水垢时，在水垢下面发生的腐蚀称为垢下腐蚀。当热水系统水中游离的naoh和多会发生碱性垢下腐蚀；当水中含有较多的cacl2 和mgcl2时，会生成盐酸，产生酸性垢下腐蚀。五 生活饮用水水质标准（gb574985）项目标准感官性状和一般化学指标色混浊

16、度臭和味肉眼可见物ph总硬度（以碳酸钙计）铁锰铜锌挥发酚类（以苯酚计）阴离子合成洗涤剂硫酸盐氧化物溶解性总固体色度不超过15度，并不得呈现其它异色不超过3度，特殊情况不超过5度不得有异臭、异味不得含有6.58.5450 mg/l0.3 mg/l0.1 mg/l1.0 mg/l1.0 mg/l0.002 mg/l0.2 mg/l250 mg/l250 mg/l1000 mg/l毒理学指标氟化物氰化物砷硒汞镉铬（六价）铅银硝酸盐（以氮计）氯仿四氯化碳苯并()比滴滴涕六六六1.0 mg/l0.05 mg/l0.05 mg/l0.01 mg/l0.001mg/l0.01 mg/l0.05 mg/l0.

17、05 mg/l0.05 mg/l20 mg/l60g/l3g/l0.01g/l1g/l5g/l细菌学指标细菌总数总大肠杆菌群游离余氯100个/l3个 /l在与水接触30分钟后应不低于0.3 mg/l，集中式给水除出厂应符合上述要求外，管网末梢水不应低于0.05 mg/l放射性指标总放射性总放射性0.1bq/l11bq/l六 饮水开水量及小时变化系数建筑物名称单位饮用开水量标准（l）小时变化系数k热车间一般车间工厂生活间办公楼集体宿舍教学楼医院影剧院招待所、旅馆体育馆每人每班每人每班每人每班每人每班每人每班每学生每日每病床每日每观众每场每客人每日每观众每日352412121212230.2230

18、.21.51.51.51.51.52.01.51.01.51.0七 能源当量热值及平均折算热值类别单位当量热值（kj）折算热值kjkg标准煤电能蒸汽（低压）kwhkg3599.52687.72762.41192539760.4070.136石油制品汽油柴油煤油重油渣油燃料油kg431164604043111 4185537670413104742250639474224604041436454551.6191.7291.6191.5711.4141.551炼制品焦炭城市燃气焦炉气kg2841616742179983348432228211791.1431.1000.723炼厂气液化石油气m3m

19、3439485022648343552491.6501.886注：煤的当量热值为29298kj/kg。此表主要用来进行热水系统经济效益分析、计算，根据各种能源得当量热值可计算出各种能源得消耗量。例：2000升水温度从20c加热到60c，采用下列几种方式加热，其能源消耗量分别式多少？1、 燃煤锅炉，效率为652、 燃油锅炉，效率为803、 燃气锅炉，效率为854、 电锅炉，效率为95计算：2000升水20c加热到60c，所需热量为：q2000（6020）4.18334.4103kj1、 耗煤量334.4103/(2929865%)=17.56kg2、 耗油量334.4103/(4604080%)

20、=9.08kg3、 耗气量334.4103/(5022685%)=9.83 m34、 耗电量334.4103/(360095%)=97.78度八 低压流体输送用镀锌焊接钢管及焊接钢管（gb3091、309293）公称口径外径普通钢管加厚钢管（mm）（in）公称尺寸（mm）壁厚（mm）理论重量（kg）壁厚（mm）理论重量（kg）61/810.02.000.392.500.4681/413.52.250.622.750.73103/817.02.250.822.750.97151/221.32.751.263.251.45203/426.82.751.633.502.0125133.53.252.

21、424.002.91321 1/442.33.253.134.003.78401 1/248.03.503.844.254.5850260.03.504.884.506.16702 1/275.53.754.644.507.8880388.54.008.344.759.811004114.04.0010.855.0013.441255140.04.5015.045.5018.241506165.04.5017.815.5021.63九 管径和流量比较数 规量 格规 格 dn15dn20dn25dn32dn40dn50dn70dn151dn2021dn2531.51dn326.43.11.81d

22、n4094.52.61.51dn50158.14.32.31.71dn70241273.82.751.71此表主要用来进行配管选择的参考，其数值关系是指在相同流速的情况下，流量的比值。如：相同流速的情况下，dn70的流量为dn15的24倍，dn20的12倍；dn40的流量为dn32的1.5倍。十 热水用水定额建筑物名称单位各温度时最高日用水定额（l）50c55c60c65c70c75c住宅（每户设淋浴设备）人/日1071609614487131801207411169103集体宿舍有洗室有洗室和集中浴室人/日人/日3347476730424260273838552535355023323246

23、21303043普通旅馆、招待所有洗室有洗室和集中浴室设有浴盆的客房床/日床/日床/日33676713313320030606012012018027555010910916425505010010015023464692921382143438686129宾馆客房床/日200267180240164218150200138185129171医院、疗养院等有洗室有洗室和集中浴室设有浴盆的病房病床/日病床/日病床/日408080160200267367272144180240336565131164218306060120150200285555111138185265151103129171门

24、诊部、诊疗所病人/次71161059585747公共浴室设有淋浴、浴盆、浴池和理发室顾客/次6713360120551095010046924386理发室顾客/次716614513512511410洗衣房干衣/kg203318301627152514231321公共食堂营业食堂工厂、机关、学校、居民食堂顾客/次顾客/次584757464735463546353534幼儿园、托儿所有住宿无住宿儿童/天儿童/天20401120183610181633916153081514287141326713体育场运动员淋浴人/次333027252321十一 卫生器具一次和一小时热水用水量和水温序号卫生器具名

25、称用水量（l/次）用水量（l/h）水温（c）1住宅、旅馆带有淋浴器的浴盆无淋浴器的浴盆淋浴器洗脸盆、洗槽水龙头洗涤盆（池）150125701003300250140200301804040374030602集体宿舍淋浴器：有淋浴小间无淋浴小间洗槽水龙头7010035210300450508037403740303公共食堂洗涤盆（池）洗脸盆：工作人员用 顾客用淋浴器3402506012040060303037404幼儿园、托儿所浴盆：幼儿园托儿所淋浴器：幼儿园托儿所洗槽水龙头洗涤盆（池）1003030151.540012018090251803535353530605医院、疗养院、休养所洗手盆洗

26、涤盆（池）浴盆12515015253002503003560406公共浴室浴盆淋浴器：有淋浴小间无淋浴小间洗脸盆125100150525020030045054050804037403740357理发室：洗脸盆35358实验室洗涤盆洗手盆60152560309剧院淋浴器演员用洗脸盆6052004008037403510体育场：淋浴器303003511工业企业生活间、淋浴器一般车间脏车间洗脸盆或洗槽水龙头一般车间脏车间40603518048036054090120100150374040303512妇女卫生盆101512018030十二 冷水计算温度计算热水系统的耗热量时，必须决定冷水的计算温度

27、，冷水的计算温度以当地最冷月平均水温资料确定，在无水温资料时参照下表分区地区地面水温度地下水温度第一分区黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古的全部，辽宁的大部分，河北、山西、陕西偏北部分，宁夏偏东部分4610第二分区北京、天津、山东全部，河北、山西、陕西的大部分，河南北部，甘肃、宁夏、辽宁的南部，青海偏东和江苏偏北的一小部分41015第三分区上海、浙江全部，江西、安徽、江苏的大部分，福建北部，湖南、湖北东部，河南南部51520第四分区广东、台湾全部，广西大部分，福建、云南的南部101520第五分区贵州全部，四川、云南的大部分，湖南、湖北的西部，陕西和甘肃秦岭以南的地区，广西偏北的一小部分71520给水塑料管水

28、力计算表qgdn15dn20dn25dn32dn40dn50dn70dn80dn100vivivivivivivivivi0.100.500.2750.260.060.150.750.5640.390.1230.230.0330.200.990.940.530.2060.300.0550.200.020.301.490.1930.790.4220.450.1130.290.040.401.990.3211.050.7030.610.1880.390.0670.240.0210.502.494.771.321.040.760.2790.490.0990.300.0310.602.986.601.

29、581.440.910.3860.590.1370.360.0430.230.0140.701.841.901.060.5070.690.1810.420.0560.270.0190.802.12.41.210.6430.790.2290.480.0710.30.0230.902.372.961.360.7920.880.2820.540.0880.340.0290.230.0181.001.510.9550.980.3400.60.1060.380.0350.250.0141.502.271.961.470.6980.900.2170.570.0720.390.0290.270.0122.0

30、01.961.161.20.3610.760.1190.520.0490.360.020.240.0082.502.461.731.50.5360.950.5170.650.0720.450.030.30.0113.001.810.7411.140.2450.780.0990.540.0420.360.0163.502.110.9741.330.3220.910.1310.630.0550.420.0214.002.410.1231.510.4081.040.1660.720.0690.480.0264.502.710.1521.700.5031.170.2050.810.0860.540.0

31、325.001.890.6061.30.2470.90.1040.60.0395.502.080.7181.430.2930.990.1230.660.0466.002.270.8381.560.3421.080.1430.720.0526.501.690.3941.170.1650.780.0627.001.820.4451.260.1880.840.0717.501.950.5071.350.2130.90.088.002.080.5691.440.2380.960.098.502.210.6321.530.2651.020.1029.002.340.7011.620.2941.080.1

32、119.502.470.7721.710.3231.140.12110.001.800.3541.200.134注：（1） qg表示流量，l/s;dn表示公称管径，；v表示流速，m/s；i表示单位管长水头损失，kpa/m。（2） dn100以上的给水管道水力计算，可参考给水排水设计手册第1册（中国建筑工业出版社，1986）(钢管)热水管计算内径dj值（yb234-63）公称内径（毫米）dn外径（毫米）d内径（毫米）d计算内径（毫米）dj152025324050708010012515017520021.2526.7533.542.2548.0060.0075.5088.50114.00140.

33、00165.00194.0021.90015.7521.2527.0035.7541.0053.0068.0080.50106.00131.00156.00174.00199.0013.2518.7524.5033.2538.5050.0065.0077.50103.00127.00152.00174.00195.00热水管水力计算 qdn15dn20dn25dn32dn40dn50dn70(l/h)(l/s)rvrvrvrvrvrvr0050.0100.0150.0200.0250.652.164.427.3911.040.040.070.110.150.180.1

34、20.410.831.372.030.020.040.050.070.090.040.120.230.380.560.010.020.030.040.050.010.030.050.090.130.010.030.050.090.13-0.010.030.040.07-0.010.010.020.02-0.010.010.02-0.010.010.01-0.010.01-0.010.011081261441621800.0300.0350.0400.0450.05015.3720.3726.0432.3639.350.220.250.290.330.362.813.694.695.807.01

35、0.111.131.140.160.180.771.011.281.581.90 0.060.070.080.100.110.180.230.300.360.440.030.040.050.050.060.090.120.150.180.220.030.030.030.040.040.030.030.040.050.060.020.020.020.020.030.010.010.010.020.020.010.010.010.010.021982162342522700.0550.0600.0650.0700.07547.0055.3164.5874.9085.980.400.440.470.

36、510.548.349.7611.3012.9414.690.200.220.240.250.27 2.252.633.033.463.920.120.130.140.150.160.520.600.690.790.890.060.070.070.080.090.260.300.340.390.44 0.050.050.060.060.060.070.090.100.110.130.030.030.030.040.040.020.020.030.030.040.020.020.020.020.022883063243423600.0800.0850.0900.0950.10097.82110.

37、43123.81137.94152.850.590.620.650.690.7316.5418.5020.5622.7325.000.290.310.330.340.36 4.404.915.456.016.600.170.180.190.200.21 1.001.111.231.351.480.090.100.100.110.120.490.550.600.660.730.070.070.080.080.09 0.140.160.170.190.210.040.040.050.050.050.040.040.050.050.060.020.030.030.030.03396432468504

38、5400.1100.1200.1300.1400.150184.94220.10258.31299.58343.910.800.870.941.021.0929.8635.1341.0247.5754.610.400.430.470.510.54 7.859.2110.6712.2313.890.230.250.280.300.321.752.052.362.703.060.130.140.150.160.170.861.001.161.321.490.090.100.110.120.130.240.280.330.370.420.060.060.070.070.080.070.080.090

39、.110.120.030.040.040.040.055766126486847200.1600.1700.1800.1900.200391.29441.73495.22551.78611.391.161.231.311.381.4562.1370.1478.6487.6297.090.580.620.650.690.7215.6517.5219.4821.5523.720.340.360.380.400.423.443.844.264.705.160.180.200.210.220.231.681.872.072.282.500.140.150.15 0.160.170.470.520.58

40、0.640.700.080.090.090.100.100.130.150.160.180.200.050.050.050.060.0690010801260144016200.2500.3000.3500.4000.450955.291357.621872.622445.553095.151.812.182.542.903.2651.70218.44297.32338.34491.500.911.091.271.451.6336.7552.9372.0494.09119.080.530.640.740.850.957.7610.8814.4918.6523.600.290.350.400.4

41、60.523.755.236.958.9011.080.210.260.300.340.391.041.441.902.433.010.130.150.180.200.230.290.400.530.670.830.080.090.110.120.14180019802160234025200.5000.5500.6000.6500.700 606.78734.21873.211025.471189.301.811.992.172.352.54147.01177.89211.70248.45288.151.061.171.271.381.4829.1435.2641.9649.2957.110.580.630.690.750.8113.4916.2119.2922.6426.260.430.470.520.560.