(完整版)2018北京中考英语解析

1、 2018 年北京市高级中等学校招生考试英语试卷姓名：_ 准考证号:_考场号:_座位号:_考生须知1.本试卷共 10 页，共五道大题，39 道小题，满分 60 分，考试时间 90 分钟。2.在试卷和草稿纸上准确填写姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号。3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上。在试卷上作答无效。4.在答题卡上，选择题用 2b 铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹铅字笔作答。5.考试结束，请将本试卷、答题卡和草稿纸一并交回。知识运用（共 14 分）(2018北京中考）一、单项填空（共 6 分，每小题 0.5 分）从下面各题所给的 a、b、c、d 四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.(20

2、18北京中考）my brother and i like football. _ play it together once a week.a. ib. theyc. wed. youc【解析】考查人称代词辨析。空处代指my brother and i 两人，所以用人称代词 we。故选c。2.(2018北京中考）happy birthday, peter! heres a gift _ you.a. forb. inc.withd.froma【解析】考查介词辨析。根据句意判断：peter，生日快乐！这是送你的一份礼物。表示“为了；给”用介词 for。故选 a。3.(2018北京中考）_ do

3、you usually go to school, mary?by bike.a. whenb. howc. whered. whyb【解析】考查疑问副词辨析。答语表示方式，提问用副词how。故选 b。4. (2018北京中考）many people like pandas _ they are cute.a. thoughb. ifc. whiled. becaused【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：很多人喜欢熊猫，因为它们可爱。表示原因用连词 because。故选 d。5. (2018北京中考）i _ go now, or ill miss my train.a. canb. mightc.

4、mustd. couldc【解析】考查情态动词辨析。can 能；可以；might 可能；must 必须；一定；could 会；可能；可以。根据句意判断：我现在必须走了，否则我会赶不上火车了。故选c。6. (2018北京中考）tony is _ of the three boys, but he is the tallest.a. youngb. youngerc. youngestd. the youngestd【解析】考查形容词比较等级辨析。根据of the three boys 判断，三者以上比较用最高级；最高级形式前用定冠词 the。故选 d。7. (2018北京中考）bill like

5、s reading. he _ picture books with his dad every evening.a. readb. readsc. is readingd. has readb【解析】考查动词时态。根据 every evening 判断句中使用一般现在时，主语 he 是第三人称单数，所以动词使用第三人称单数形式。故选b。8. (2018北京中考）paul, what were you doing at nine last night?i _ a movie in the cinema with my friends.a. was watching b.watchc. have

6、 watched d. will watcha【解析】考查动词时态。根据问句中的时间“at nine last night”判断句中动作表示过去时1 刻正在发生的事情，用过去进行时。故选a。(2018北京中考）9. (2018北京中考）david is a tennis player. he _ to play tennis when he was six years old.a. beginsb. will beginc. begand. has begunc【解析】考查动词时态。根据时间状语从句when he was six years old 判断主句时态使用过去时。故选 c。10. (

7、2018北京中考）lucy, is your uncle a teacher?yes, he is. he _ history for nearly 20 years.a. teachesb. has taughtc. is teachingd. will teachb【解析】考查动词时态。根据时间状语 for nearly 20 years判断句中使用现在完成时。故选b。11. (2018北京中考）a new international airport _ in the city next year.a. completesb. is completed c. will complete d

8、. will be completedd【解析】考查被动语态。句中主语与谓语动词构成动宾关系，应该使用被动语态；根据句中时间状语 next year 判断使用一般将来时。故选 d。12. (2018北京中考）alice, could you tell me _ london?sure. last sunday.a. when mr. smith leftb.when mr. smith will leaved. when will mr. smith leaveb. when did mr. smith leavea【解析】考查宾语从句。宾语从句使用陈述语序，排除 c、d 两项；根据答语时间

9、last sunday判断使用一般过去时。故选 a。二、完形填空(共 8 分，每小题 1 分）(2018北京中考）阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的 a、b、c、d 四个选项中，选择最佳选项。(2018北京中考）real solutions(解决方法) to problemsthirty engineers were working as a team in a company. they were young and eager to learn.the management decided to teach them about finding real solutions

10、 to problems.one day, the team was called for a 13 in a hall. they were quite surprised and allreached the hall holding various 14 . as they entered, they found a box placed in the center,full of flat balloons.the manager asked everyone to pick a balloon and blow it up. then they were asked to write

11、their names on their respective(各自的) balloons 15 so that the balloons wouldnt blow out.all tried, but not everyone was 16 . five balloons blew out due to pressure(压力).those who failed to mark their names on the balloons were17 out of the game. as aresult 25 engineers came to the next level. all the

12、balloons carrying their names were 18and then put into a room. here and there.the engineers were told to pick the balloon with his or her name on. all the 25 engineersbegan to search for the respective balloons in a rush. it was almost 15 minutes but no one was ableto 19 the the right one. the secon

13、d level of the game was over.then came the final level. the engineers were asked to pick any balloon and give it to theperson named on the balloon. within a couple of minutes. all balloonsrespective engineers.20 the hands of thethe manager announced this was the real solution to the problem. many ti

14、mes in our life,2 sharing and helping others give us real solutions to problems.13. a. gameb. showc. concertc. thoughtsc. secretlyc. patientc. ruledd. party14. a. purposes15. a. quietly16. a. honest17. a. checked18. a. collected19. a. markb. suggestionsb.carefullyb. readyd. plansd. clearlyd. success

15、fuld. cheatedd. cleanedd. findb. helpedb. weighedb. hidec. tiedc. numberc. lifted20. a. freedb. reachedd. hit(2018北京中考）体裁 记叙文话题合作字数28213.a【解析】考查前后文理解。根据第四段第一句句意“那些没能在气球上写上名字的工程师被排除出了游戏。”可知，这些工程师被召集在一个大厅里做游戏。故选a。14.c【解析】考查名词辨析。purpose 目的；suggestion 建议；thought 想法；plan 计划。句意：他们都很惊讶，带着各种不同的想法来到了大厅。故选c。1

16、5.b【解析】考查副词辨析。quietly 安静地；carefully 仔细地；认真地；secretly 秘密地；clearly清晰地。句意：然后他们被要求不把气球弄爆的情况下在各自的气球上小心地写上各自的名字。故选 b。16.d【解析】考查形容词辨析。honest 诚实的；ready 准备好的；patient 耐心的；successful成功的。根据下句句意“五个气球因为压力（过大）爆了”推断此句表示并非每个人都成功了。故选 d。17.c【解析】考查动词短语。check out 检查；help out 帮助解决；rule out 排除；取消；cleanout 清扫。句意：那些没能在气球上标注

17、姓名的工程师被取消（参加下面的）游戏。故选c。18.a【解析】考查动词辨析。collect 收集；weigh 称重；tie 捆绑；clean 清理。句意：所有带名字的气球被收集起来胡乱地放在了一个房间内。故选a。19.d【解析】考查动词辨析。mark 标记；hide 掩藏；number 计数；find 发现。句意：将近十五分钟过去了，依然没有人能找到自己的气球。 故选 d。20.b【解析】考查动词短语。reach the hands 拿到手。故选 b。阅读理解（共 36 分）三、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的 a、b、c、d 四个选项中，选择最佳选项。(2018北京中考）（共

18、26 分，每小题 2 分）roger: hi, there! it was my 15 thbirthday last saturday. some of my friends and alan. my cousin,came to celebrate it. everyone brought me a gift. we had a party. we played games. sang songsand had a big birthday cake. it was really a wonderful day! did you do anything special last week?

19、jessica: yes. my class were on a school field trip last week. first, we went to the university ofnorth carolina to learn about the history of its basketball team. many basketball stars werestudents there! then we visited a museum. we learned about how the plane was invented and tookmany pictures the

20、re.sara:well. i was lucky enough to go to a conference(会议) on charity(慈善) last wednesday. i wasso excited to meet a lot of kind people there. one of them was a boy named richard. he spoke atthe conference about the charity work that he has done in the past few years.martin: it was a different week t

21、han usual. last thursday, my school band( 乐队) went to atlanta3 to perform in a competition. i played the violin and we won a prize! on friday, we went to thegeorgia aquarium and got to see different kinds of sea life from all over the world. it was reallycool!21. when did roger have his birthday par

22、ty?a. last wednesday.b. b. last thursday.c. last friday.d. last saturday.22. who went on a school field trip last week?a. alan.b. b.jessica.c. sara.d. richard23. martin went to atlanta to _.a. speak at a conferenceb. organize a partyc. perform in a competitiond. visit a university(2018北京中考）体裁记叙文话题校园

23、生活词数220【主旨大意】本文通过四位同学对上周活动的描述向我们展示了他们多彩的生活。roger 上周六过 15 岁生日；jessica 上周参加了学校组织的野外旅行；sara 上周三参加了一场慈善会议；martin 所在的学校乐队上周四参加了一场比赛并获奖；周五去了水族馆。21.d 【解析】细节考查题。根据 roger 所说“it was my 15th birthday last saturday”可知，他的生日派对是在上周六。故选 d。22.b 【解析】细节考查题。根据第二段 jessica 所说“my class were on a school field trip lastweek

24、”可知，参加学校野外旅行的是 jessica。故选 b。23.c 【解析】细节考查题。根据 martin 所说“last thursday, my school band went to atlanta toperform in a competition”可知，乐队去 atlanta 是参加比赛。故选 c。(2018北京中考）ba beautiful momentwhen i was in high school, i worked part time helping dad sell fruits and vegetables at amarket. one day, as i was p

25、reparing the fruits. a little boy came by with his mom and sister. hewas about eight years old, and the girl, five or six. they were looking at the fruits in front of me. iheard the kids say to their mom(in french).“theyre good!”i knew it was french, because i canspeak and understand it.then i notic

26、ed how the mom was picking the fruits. at first i thought she was really lookingat the fruits because she was facing them, but then i noticed how much she had to feel and smelleach one as she picked them out. and she often asked her son if it looked okay, but looked wayabove where his face was. putt

27、ing what i saw together. i was sure she was blind.both of the kids continued to help their mom pick out the fruits. the son made sure the fruitswere not obviously bad, and the daughter handed them to her mom. the woman then felt each one4 and smiled, and the daughter would put them into their basket

28、. the kids were smiling whilehelping their mom pick the fruits out.their smile and gentle manner moved me in a way that never happened before. it was sobeautiful to see such young kids so willingly help. most kids that age would be picking outcandies or toys in a store for themselves, instead of hel

29、ping their mom pick out fruits, as the twokids did.it was great to witness the moment, but not so great because i didnt tell the mom howbeautiful her children were in their language. this is what i regret to this day.24. the woman and her kids came to the market to buy _.a. fruitsb. vegetablesc. can

30、diesd. toys25. according to what he saw, the writer was sure the mother couldnt _.a. speakb. seec. smelld. hear26. the writer was moved because _.a. the mother was brave to face her problemsb. the kids were polite and kind to each otherc. the mother was careful in picking out thingsd. the kids were

31、so willing to help their mother(2018北京中考）体裁记叙文话题故事词数30924. a 【解析】细节理解题。根据“they were looking the fruits in front of me”判断这位女士和她的孩子要买水果。故选 a。25. b 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“ i was sure she was blind （我相信她是盲人）”推断可知她看不见。故选 b。26. d 【解析】综合推断题。综合第四段内容可知，作者深受两个孩子的感动是因为他们在如此年龄就自愿帮助母亲干活，而不是像同龄人一样去挑选糖果玩具。故选d。(2018北京

32、中考）csome primary schoolchildren have been raised in homes with more green space around. theyare likely to come with larger volumes of white and gray matter in certain areas of the brain. thesedifferences are associated(关联) with beneficial effects on cognitive function( 认知功能). this isthe main conclus

33、ion of a study led by the barcelona institute for global health.the study was performed among 253 schoolchildren in spain. lifelong exposure(接触) togreen space in the living places was recorded-using the information on the children s addressesfrom birth up through to the time of the study. brain stru

34、cture was studied using 3d magneticresonance imaging(mr). working memory and inattentiveness(注意力不集中) were graded withcomputers.“this is the first study that shows the association between long-term exposure to greenspace and brain structure.” says dr. payam dadvand, the leading researcher of the stud

35、y. “ourfindings suggest that exposure to green space early in life could result in beneficial structuralchanges in the brain.”the findings show that long-term exposure to greenness is positively associated with whiteand grey matter volumes in several parts of the brain. some of them are related to h

36、igher scores oncognitive tests. moreover, larger volumes of white and grey matter in those parts might lead to5 better working memory and less inattentiveness.exposure to nature has been thought to be necessary for brain development in childrenanother study of 2,593 children shows that children in s

37、chools with more green space have agreater increase in working memory and a greater decrease in inattentiveness.humans are believed to be tied to nature. playing in greener areas offers childrenopportunities to search and learn. accordingly. green space is thought to prompt importantexercises in dis

38、covery. creativity and risk taking. these exercises in turn positively influence braindevelopment.dr. dadvands study suggests how such structural changes could bring about the beneficialeffects of green space on cognitive development. it also adds to the proof that suggests the lastingeffects of ear

39、ly life exposure to greenness on our health and the benefits of increasing greenness incities.further studies are needed to prove the findings in other population, settings and climates.and researchers need to examine differences according to the nature and quality of green space.27. the second para

40、graph is mainly about_.a. how the study was performedc. how long the study lastedb. what was recorded in the studyd. who took part in the study28. the word “prompt” in paragraph 6 probably means “_”.a. control b. encourage c. balance d. change29. what can we learn from the passage?a. working memory

41、influences white and grey matter in the brain.b. dr. dadvand stressed the importance of changing the environment.c. studies proved the influence of greenness on populations out of spain.d. living in greener neighborhoods benefits children in brain development.题材说明文话题 科普知识（绿色空间对大脑认知的影响） 词数 395【主旨大意】本

42、文是一篇科普文章，主要讲述了绿色空间对大脑认知的一个影响。巴塞罗那全球健康研究所通过调查在校学生发现，在生活中多接触绿色空间，对学生的认知功能有积极影响，并且增强工作记忆，减轻注意力不集中。27. a 段落主旨归纳题。第二段主要介绍了本次调查研究是如何进行的，因此选a。28. b 词义猜测题。 accordingly. green space is thought to prompt important exercises indiscovery. creativity and risk taking. 相应地，绿色空间被认为能在发现力、创造力和冒险中促进重要的锻炼。prompt 是促进，鼓舞

43、的意思。control 是控制， encourage是 鼓 励balance 是平衡 change 是改变，只有 encourage 的感情色彩是正面的，因此选 b。29. d综合推断题。本文主要讲述了绿色空间对大脑认知的影响，文章分别从第三段、第四段、 第五段、第六段以及第七段论证该观点。d项 “居住在绿化更好的社区有助于孩子们大脑的发育”符合文意，故选d。(2018北京中考）dwe often reach a point in our life when we should be ready for change that will help usunlock our self-impro

44、vement power. however, theres always something staring at us right underour nose but we dont see it. the only time we think of unlocking our self-improvement power iswhen everything gets worst.when do we realize that we need to change diets? when none of our shirts and jeans would6 fit us. when do w

45、e stop eating candies and chocolates? when all of our teeth have fallen off.when do we realize that we need to stop smoking? when our lungs have gone bad. we see thewarning signs and signals when things get rough and difficult.the only tune most of us ever learn about unlocking our self-improvement

46、power is when thewhole world is falling apart. we think and feel this way because it is not easy to change, butchange becomes more painful when we ignore(忽视) it.change will happen, like it or hate it. at one point or another, we are all going to finallyunlock our self-improvement power not because t

47、he world says so, but because we realize it s forour own good.happy people dont just accept change, they embrace( 拥 抱 ) it. unlocking ourself-improvement power means unlocking ourselves out of the box of thought that is just the waywe are. it is such a poor excuse for people who fear change.jane alw

48、ays tells everyone that she doesn t have the courage to be around groups of people.she heard her family tell the same things about her to other people. over the years, that is whatjane has believed. every time a great crowd come. she steps back and locks herself up in a room.jane not only believes i

49、n her story, but lives it!self-improvement may not be everybodys favorite word, but if we look at things in adifferent way, we might have greater chances of enjoying the whole process instead of countingthe days until we are fully improved. three sessions in a week at the gym would result in ahealth

50、ier life. reading books every day would build up knowledge. and only when we areenjoying the whole process of unlocking our self-improvement power will we realize that we rebeginning to take things light and become happy.30. the writer mentions the three questions in paragraph 2 to show that _.a. we

51、 learn our lessons when we experience painb. we are responsible for the problems we meetc. life fails us when we get into the wrong wayd. life is a long journey full of ups and downs31. what is the key to solving janes problem?a. she needs to remember why she started.b. she has to know how to get on

52、 with people.c. she has to realize she is not what she is in her story.d. she needs to understand the importance of confidence.32. the writer probably agrees that _.a. the world tells us how to improve ourselvesb. people change when they find it easy to do thatc. welcoming change in life is a drive

53、to become betterd. enjoying the process of self-improvement makes life simpler33. which of the following would be the best title for the passage?a. is it important to take things light?b. is it necessary to embrace challenges?c. to hold on to the last moment or to give up?d. to free ourselves out of

54、 the box or to stay in it?题材议论文话题 自我改善能力？词数416【主旨大意】本文主要谈论只有当一切变得最糟糕时，我们才会想到释放出我们自我完善能7 力。不管喜欢或讨厌，改变总会发生。乐观的人不仅接受改变，而且拥抱它。而 jane 总是说她没有勇气出现在人群面前，把她自己锁在屋子里。只有当我们享受释放出我们自我完善能力的过程，我们将会认识到我们开始不在乎事情，并变得开心。30 . a 理解判断题。由第二段的三个问题“当我们的衬衫和牛仔裤不适合我们，我们才会意识到我们需要改变饮食。当我们的牙齿都掉光了，才会停止吃糖和巧克力。肺变坏了，才会意识到停止吸烟。”这三个痛苦的事

55、情，使我们获得教训。故选a。31 . c 细节理解题。由“jane not only believes in her story, but lives it! jane 不仅相信她的故事，而且生活在其中。”可确定答案 c。32 . c 推理判断题。由“only when we are enjoying the whole process of unlocking ourself-improvement power will we realize that were beginning to take things light and becomehappy. ” 可确定答案 c。33 . d

56、主旨大意题。由“unlocking our self-improvement power means unlocking ourselves out ofthe box of thought that is just the way we are. ”。故选 d。(2018北京中考）阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题（共 10 分，每小题 2 分）when it comes to the letter grade on your test or homework. you might notice that there is noletter e. have you ever thought about why that is so?in the a, b, c, d and f grading system. the first four letters are typically considered passinggrades. an f in this system simply stands for “fail”. the word “fail” happens to start with thel