主谓一致讲义及练习

1、主谓一致在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一 致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻借意义一致和就近一致原则。(-)语法一致原贝!J: i耳法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。1、以单数名词或代词、动词不泄式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单 数形式：主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如 His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy / What he said is very important for us a

2、ll. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes注禎：由what引导的主语从句，后而的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或 what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如:What I bought were three English books / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.2、由连接词and或both . and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语

3、动词。如： Lucy and Lily are twins / She and I are classmates / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news / Both she and he are Young Pioneers注意：注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的槪念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓 语动词用单数,and此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词.The iron and steel industry is very important to our lifeThe League secreta

4、ry and monitorasked to make a speech at the meetingA. is B. was C. are D. were 答案 BThe writer and artist has come.; 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰 时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如:Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it.3、主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后而跟有 w

5、ith, together with except, but. besides, including like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than,等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式;若 主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：Mr Green, together with his wife and children, lias come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom. is very tall4、eit

6、her, neither, each, every或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不立代词， 都作单数看待o 如:Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.注意: 在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词(或代词)”作主语时，其谓语 动词也可用复数。女口： Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. 若none of后而的名词是不可数 需词，它的谓语动词就要用单数：若它后而的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以

7、。 如I ： None of us has (have) been to America5、在左语从句时，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词 的数一致。如 He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard 6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数：如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动 词就用复数形式。这些词有 crew, company, committee family, class, crow

8、d, committee, population, audience 等。 如：Class Four is on the third floor / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.注意:集合名词people, police, cattle. poultry（家禽）.militia（民兵）.vermin等在任何情况下都 用复数形式.如:The police are looking for the lost child. Are there any police aroundworks工厂，means方法，series系列，specie

9、s物种aircraft飞机”等名词单、 复数同形，要从上下文判断其具体意义来决定单、复数。e.g. This works was（These works were）bui 11 two years ago 这（几家工厂是两年前修建的。 Every means has （Al 1 means have） been tried .各种办法都试过了。这类名词通常还有fish ,deer ,sheep ,headquarters （总部驻地）,bellows（风箱）,plastics, gal lows （绞架），manners（礼貌）whereabouts （行踪），等。（但news （消息）是不可

10、数名 词，通常只作单数用。）7、由 aa lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由分数或百 分数+划词”构成的短i剖乍主语，英谓语动词的数要根据短语中后而名词的数而左。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls注意:a number of 许多”，作泄语修饰复数爼词，谓语用复数:t

11、he number of 的数量”, 主语是number,谓语用单数。8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与英后的主语一致。如：There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result / Such are the facts9, ） a lot of/ lots ofi a large quantity of等量词+名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由这些 量词后的名词决左。如：A large quantity of people are needed here.但 large quantities of 修饰可

12、数 或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。in： Large quantities of food / books are on the table.（二）逻辑意义一致原则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时 主语形式为单数，但意义为复数：有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决泄。如: Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.2、

13、表示时间、重量、长度、价值”等的划词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式, 这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，女口： Thirty minutes is enough for the work.3、若英语是书名.片名、格言、剧名、报需、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数 形式。如：The Arabian Nights飞 an interesting story-book.4、表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也 可用复数。如：One and a half apples is （are） left on the table.5、

14、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，英谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven6、一些学科名词是以-ics 结尾，如:mathematics, politics, physics 以及 news, works（单复 数同形）等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数划词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要 用单数形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990. /1 think physics isnt easy to study.The stee

15、l works in the country produce more steel than those in that country.7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes,等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a （the） pair of 等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如:My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.而 The pairs of shoes under the bed are his8、“立冠词（hc+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。表示

16、物时用单数：The good in him outweights the bad9、the following作主语时，谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致.例如： The following are good examples 下而是一些好例子.（三）就近一致原贝U：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。1. 当两个主语由 eitlier . or, neither . nor, whether . or not only . but aLso 连接时，谓 语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Either the teacher or the students are our fr

17、iends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. /Is neither he nor they wholly right?2、there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则 应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room.注意:Here引导的句子用法同上。（四）主谓一致中的“表里不一”现象和主语必须在人称和数上保持一致，最基本的原则是:单数主语用单数动词，复数主语用复数 动词.但在实际使用当中情况比较复杂，现在学生常犯的主谓一致错误归纳整

18、理如下l；more than one +名词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数.例如:More than one teacher gets the flowers.不 1上一个教师得到 了 花.2, many a +需词作主语时，从总义上看是复数，但谓语动词常用单数例如：Many a student has been sent to plant trees很多学生被派去植树.3, all指人时，动词用复数;all指物时，动词用单数.例如：”All are present and all is going well.*1 所有人全部到场 了,一切进展顺利4, what引导的主语从句，谓语动词可视表语而左

19、:表语是单数名词时，动词用单数，相反，则用复数例 如:Wha（ they want to get is the number of good books他们想得到的是大量的好书.5, cach作主语的同位语时，谓语动词由主语来决泄，与each无关.例如：They each have a bike他们每人有一辆自行车.6, 动词不立式，动词-ing形式短语作主语时，谓语动词常用单数例如：Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚饭后岀去散步是一个好习惯.7, the following作主语时，谓语动词的数与后而名词的数保持一致.例如：

20、The following are good examples 下而是一些好例子.11, 以ics结尾的学科名词，如politics.physics,mathematics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数以s结尾的 名词news, works, plasticsjneans等同属此类例如:Politics is now taught in all schools.现在各学校都开设政治课.当以-ics结尾的学科名词表示学科”以外的意义时,用作复数，$n： mathematics （运算能力）politics（政治观点）economics （经济意义）等；注意：以-s结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题：

21、某些以s结尾的地理名称,如果是国名,女n the United Statest the Netherlands等,因其是单一政 治实体，所以谓语动词用作单数。例如：The United States was hit by the Great Depression in 1930s：In early January 1996 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1976.但如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理需称作主语，谓语动词用作复数。例如：The West Indies are commonly divided into two p

22、arts.13/one and a half +名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数.例如：One and a half apples are left on the table.桌子上有一个半苹果.14, MOne or two more +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数例如:Onc or two persons are sent there to help them do the work.要派一两个人到那儿去给他们帮忙.15, one of+复数名词+左语从句结构中，泄语从句的谓语动词要用复数;而在”the only one of +复 数需词+定语从句的结构中显语从句的谓语动词要用单数例

23、如：He is one of the students who get there on time.他是准时到达那里的学生之一.16, 表示时间，距离，金钱等的复数划词作主语表达一个整体概念时，谓语动词常用单数，但若强调数 量，谓语动词可用复数例如：One million dollars is a lot of money. 一百万美元是一大笔钱17, 下列情况下须视其“具体所指“来确定单、复数：（1） whatx which、who、whose等疑问代词作主语。例如：Who is your brother?你兄弟是谁？ Who are League Members?哪些是团员？注意：若单数、

24、复数不明确，what、who等疑问代词对应的谓语通常用单数动词。(2) half of plenty of the rest ofthe last、a lot of、lots of 等 + 名词作主语或者 all. some more. most. any. none作主语时，要结合具体语境判断谓语动词用单数还是复数。总结：a / an +单or two 大多接单数谓语：one or two +复统接复数谓语。e.g.Only a word or two is (are )needed.只需说一两句。One or two reasons were suggested 提出一两条理由。b) a

25、/ an +单名+ and a half常接单数谓语：one and a half +复名”多接复数谓语。e.g.A year and a half has passed 年半已过去 了 One and a half tons of rice are sold .已卖了 一吨半大米。d) nmore than one +单名”大多接单数谓语。e.g.More than one person was (were )absent.不止一个人缺席。more +复名+ than one H接复数谓语 e.g.More students than one have been there 不止一个学生去过

26、那儿。more than two (three,)+复名,r 接复数谓语。e.g.More than one hundred students have attended the concert.不止一百名学生听 了这场音乐会。主谓一致练习(1)1 Neither of themgoing to the cinema. Both of themgoing to the cinemaA. is ; areB. is ; isC. are ; wasD. are ; is2. All but onehere just now. All that I want to saythisA. was; w

27、ereB. was; is C. were; isD. were; were3. A number of studentsgone for an outing. The number of the studentsincreasing year.A. have; has B. is; have C. has; have D. have; is4. Some of the orangesturned bad. Some of the milkturned sour (酸)A. have: has B. have; haveC has; have D. have; is5. Each studen

28、t got an English- Chinese dictionary. The students eacha dictionary.A. have; has B. has: haveC have; have D. has; has6. Therea pen, an ink bottle, and some books on it. Theresome bowls, plates and aspoon on it. A. is; are B. are; are C are; is D. is; is7. Either the judge or the lawyerswrong. Either

29、 you or heto blameA. is; areB. are; isC are; are D. is; is& His familyall very well. His familya “ five good、one.A. are; isB. is; isC. are; areD. is; are9. My blue trousersworn out. One pair of trousersnot enoughA. is; areB. are; areC is; isD are; is10. Our League secretary and monitorthe lead in ev

30、erything Our League secretary and themonitorgood friends. A. take; are B. take; is C takes; is D takes; are11 The girl as well as his parentsa bike Not only the students but also the professorsurprised at Mary s answer. A. have; was B. have; were C. has; was D. has; were12. Whothe girl singing in th

31、e next room? Whothese people over there?A. are; areB. are; isC. is; areD. is; is13. Most of the studentsboys Most of his moneyspent on booksA. are; isB. is ; isC are; areD. is; are14. The policemanstanding at the street comer. Tlie policesearching for him.A. are; isB. are; areC. is; areD. is; is15.

32、The glassesmine. Tliat pair of glassesmy brother.A. are; isB. are; areC. is; areD. is; is16. Tlie news at six oclocknot tnie. Those pieces of newsto be broadcastedA. are; isB. are; areC. is: areD. is; is17. Grandpa Wang and his two grandsonstaking a walk in the park now. Grandpa Wang,together with h

33、is two grandsons,taking a walk in the park now.A. are; areB. is; areC. is; isD. are; is18. No one but Janethe secret. Nobody but Mary and Iin the classroom at that timeA. know; was B. knows; was C. know; were D. knows; were19. Therenothing but two looms in the hall. Theresomething wrong with the mac

34、hine.A. was; is B. was; are C were; is D. were; are20. He is one of the boys whonever late for school. He is the only one of the boys whonever late for school. A. is; are B. are; are C. are; is D. is; is21 What they have doneof great use to us. What he says and what he doesagreeA. is; not B. is; do

35、not C. are; does not D. are: not22. Every picture except these two. Everything around usmatter.A. have been sold; is B. have been sold; are C. has been sold; is D. has been sold; are23. A woman with two childrencoming up to us. Mary, along with her parents,moved toParis. A. is; has B is; haveC. are;

36、 have D. are; has24. one sixth of our classmatesfrom peasant families. One fifth of her timedevoted towriting.A. comes; is B. come: are C. come; is D comes; are25. Only 10 percent of the students in the classLeague members. About 40% of Jims incometo the rent （租金）.A. are; goes B. are; go C. is: goes

37、 D is; go26. Il is this teacher wholeaving for London It is you whonext.A. are; are B. is; are C. are; is D. is; is27. The population of the earthincreasing fast. One third of the population hereworkers.A. is; areB. is; isC. are; isD are; are28. This kind of snakesvery dangerous These kinds of metal

38、hard to findA. is; isB. are; isC. is; areD. are; are29. Half of the visitorsfrom Europe. Half of the fruitbad.A. is; are B. is; is C are; is D. are; are30. Every man worker and every woman workerfree medical care At Christmas each boy andeach girlgiven a present. A. enjoy: is B. enjoy; are C.enjoys;

39、 is D. enjoys; are31. Many a manseen the wonderful film Many menseen the wonderful filmA. has; has B. has; have C have; has D. have; have32. Going to bed early and getting up earlya good habit Singing and dancingtwo of thethings that he likes best. A. is; is B. are; isC. is; are D. are; are33. SuchA

40、lbert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements. Suchher wordsA. were: were B was; were C. were; were D was; was34. Besides Xiao Wang, Wiao Mawilling to do the work. The factory, including its machinesburnt last night A. was; is B were; is C. was; are D. were; are35. If anybody, ask him to waitth

41、ere anything I can do for you?A. come; Is B. come; Are C. comes; Are D. comes; Is36. Chinesenot so difficult to learn. The Chinese peoplebrave and hard working.A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are37. Littledone to prevent the air from being polluted Muchdone to against fightpollution. A. has

42、been: have been B. have; has C. has been; has been D have been: have been38. Do you know the singer and dancer whostanding at the gate? China has thousands of islands,the largest of whichTaiwan. A. is; areB is : is C. are; is D. are; are39. Each of the girlsan orange Eachhis duty.A. have; has B. hav

43、e; haveC. has; has D. has; have40. When we are to hold the sports meetbeen decided. Whether he succeeds or failsmatte匚A. have; dontB. has; dont C. have; doesn t D. has; doest41. Her clothesnearly worn out. His physicsweaker than others.A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; areB. areB. are42. Five

44、hundred dollarsmore than he can afford. A. is43. Food and clothingdaily necessities for people A. is44. The United Nationstrying to persuade the two countries.45. Three kilometersnot a long distanceA. is46. To say somethingone thing, to do itanother.A. isB. areB. areA. is; isB. are; are47. Reading E

45、nglish magazines and novelshelpful to your study of English.A. is B. are48. He like you and Xiao Liuvery diligent.A. is49. Between the two buildingsa hospital. A. standB. are50. How to get rid of these things a big problem.A. are答案：15 ACDAB610ABADD1115CCACAB. standsB. is1620CDBAD2125BCACA2630BACCC31

46、35BCBAD3610CCBCD4145BABAA4650A A ABB主谓一致练习(2)1I, whoyour friend, will try my best to help you with your English.A.amB.isC.arcD.be2. The richnot always happy. A.are B.is C.hasD.have3. Neither Tom nor Jack and Ihis students. A.areB.am C.isD.was4. Mary as well as her sistersChinese in China.D. studyB.i

47、s C.areD.beA. are studying B. have studied C. studies5. Neither my father nor Iat home A.am6. Not only my brother but also Igood at painting Both of usgood painters.,A.areiareB.anramC.ani;areD.is;is7. Every1 boy and every girlto attend the evening party.A.wishB.wishesC.is likeD.like& Over 80 percent

48、 of the population of Chinapeasants.A.wasB.isC. would beD.are9. The population of Chinalarger than that of.any other country in the world.A.isB.areC.hasD.have10. Every meanstried but without any result.A. have beenB.is to beC.are to beD. has been11 Alice, together with two boys,for having broken the

49、 rule.A. was punishedB. punishedC. were punishedD. being punished12. The League secretary and the monitorasked to attend the meeting this afternoon.A.isB.wasC.areD.is being13. The great writer and professorA. is an old man B. are both old menC. is an old man and a young man D. were two Chinese14. Th

50、erea pen, two pencils and three books on the desk.A.areB.isC.hasD.have15. A large number of students in our classgirls A. are B was C is D. be16. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild rosesmuch if people leave things as they are A.doesn11 change B .dont change C.change D.changed17. The Arabian

51、 Nightswell known to the English.A. is B. are C. was D. were18. Chairman Mao* s workspublishcd.A has been B.have been C.was D.is19. A chemical worksbuilt there.A is to being B.have been C. were to D.has been20. The Olympic Gamesheld everyyears.A.isifourB.areifourC.is;fiveD.are:five21 .The United Sta

52、tes of Americaone of the most developed countries in the world.A.isB.areC.wasD.were22. He is the only one of die students w hoelected.A are B.have C.has D.is23. Theis is one of the most interesting questions thataskedA.haveB.hasC. have beenD.has been24. Many a mancome to help us. A.have B.has C.is D

53、.are25. MA11present and allgoing on well/ our monitor saidA.is;isB.areiareC.are;isD.is;are26. The policethe murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A. is searching forB. were searching forC. are searching forD. were searching27. Your trousersdirty.You must havewashed.B.areiitC.are

54、ithemD.is:them28.This pair of trouseistoo long for himA.is B.beC.areD.were29. One and a half bananasleft on the table. A.isB.are C.hasD.have30. Eight times eightsixty four. A.is B.are C.get D.equal31 Ten minutesan hour when one is waiting for a phone callA.seemsB.seemC.seemedD.seemes32. of the money

55、nm out.A. Three-fifth; hasC. Three-fifths; hasB. Three-fifth: has beenD. Three-fifths: have33. The whole classthe teacher attentively.A. are listening to B. is listening to C.are listening D. is listening34.1 have finished a large part of the book. the rest of whichmore difficult.A.isB.areC.wasD.wer

56、e35. Between the two rows of treesthe teaching buildingA.standB.standsC. standingD.are36. Large quantities of waterfor irrigation.A. is neededB. has -neededC. are neededD. need37. That they were wrong in these mattersnow clear to us all.A. isB.wasC.areD.all38. What we needgood textbooks.A.is B.are C.have D.has39. What you said just nowthe matter we are di