定语从句讲解与练习

1、高中英语定语从句详解仔细观察下列句子，并注意划线部分的用法。1. Thats all that I know.2. Anyone who was late this morning should be responsible for this accident3. This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.4. What do you think of the photos that/ which I took in the park5. They talked about the people and things tha

2、t they remembered in the old daysI 概念：（1）定语从句：在主从复合句中用作的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行 is （antecedent）后面。先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词的作用：1）代替先行词；2）引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；3）必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）常用的关系代词:that, which, who, whom, as, whose常用的关系副词:when, why, wherewho, that

3、, 作主语；who, whom, which,作宾语和表语；作定语。A注意：当关系代词作语时常常可省略，而作语时则不能省略。The student who answered the question was John.I know the reason why he was so angry.The boy （whom） you are talking to is my brother.Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea定语从句三步：第一找出先行词：第二看先行诃在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。

4、n.几个关系代词的基本用法：that:可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。（指人时，相当于who或whom： 指物时，相当于which）（般不用于非限制性定语从句；不可置F介诚后作宾语）如：1. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now2. You can take anything （that） you like3 What is the question (that/which) they are talking about4. Here is the man ( who/whom/that) you want to see

5、5. Shes no Ion ger the girl (that) she used to be before Which:指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。如：1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.3. The factory in which his father works is far from herewho, whom, whose:who:主格，在从句中作

6、主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语；只可指人whom:宾格，在从句中作宾语；只可指人whose:属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。1.1 like the students who/that work hard.2. All who heard the story were amazed3. Hes a man from whom we should learn.=Hes a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.4. A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.5. rd like a r

7、oom whose window faces south二Id like a room of which the window faces south二Id like a room the window of which faces south关系代词作介词宾语：(介词+ whom / which)关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时，介词可放丁从句之首，也可放于从句之末.但 以放于句首较为正式.(介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。)is the book for which you asked=This is the book (that/which) you asked for.2.

8、Do you know the person with whom I shook hands=Do you know the person (whom/who/that) I shook hands with3. Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week4. Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week5. This is the girl whom they are looking after.(介词 after 与 look 构成固定词组,不可前置

9、。look at, look for, look after, take care of 等) as的用法:(as引导定语从句，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语) 如为限制性的，多用 丁 the same .as ; the same as； such .as as many/much as； so .as等结构中。如：1.1 have the same book as you (have).2. .Why didnt you mention that in face of the police just now1 thought it was such a minor detail as wa

10、s hardly worth mentioning.3. Dont do such things as you are not sure about.比较：I live in the same house that he used to live in.Im wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday比较:Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it. 如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置F句首，句

11、中或句 尾，译为正如,这一点11。(动词常为 know, see, expect, point outz etc.)we all know, smoking is harmful to ones health =As is known to allz smoking is harmful to ones health =lt*s known to all that smoking is harmful to ones health =Smoking is harmful to onet health, as we all know =Smoking, as we all know, is ha

12、rmful to oni healthwas a foreigner，as I knew from his accentm.关系副词引导的定语从句：(When指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词(如：time, day, week, tear, mon th, etc.)He came last night when I was out.We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.注意：先行词为时间名词，可用when引导定语从句，when在定语从句中作状语；还 可以用

13、which或that引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。比较：1 I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.2.1 still remember the days which/that we spent together.3. I shall never forget the day when Shen Zhou V was launched, which has a great effect on my life.Where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词，如：pl

14、ace, school, factory, room, etc.This is the place where I was born.I live in the room where /in which he used to liveA注意：先行词是地点名讨，定语从句可用where引导，还可用which或that引导， which/that在从句中作主语或宾语。比较：1. This is the factory where /in which he worked last year.2.1 think you have got to the point where a change is ne

15、eded, or you would fail3. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation where hes likely to lose control of the plane.4. This is the park which/that they visited last year.Why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词为reason时，可用for which指代： 当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that引导。女口：1. The reason why / for which / (that) he didrf t a

16、ttend the meeting was that he was ill.2.1 dorft believe the reason (that/which) he gave me3. Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success当先行词为way时，the way在从句中作状语时,定语从句常用that, in which,或how引 导，that常可以省略。the way在从句中作主语或宾语时,则用which或that引导。如：This is the way (that) /in which I do such thing

17、s.比较：Please do the experiment in the way (that/which) I have shown you.IV. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：1. 形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。2. 语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that.3. 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从 句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思：而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密， 对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。This is the book I like best.Beijing, which has been Chinas ca

18、pital for more than 800 years, is rich in cultural and historic relics./4. 翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句(较短的一般译为的“字结构)；而非限制性定 语从句可译为两句。比较： He has a sister, who is a musician.He has a sister who is a musician.引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词指人时用who, whom, whose ,指物时用which , whose;关系副词 when, where, why, etc1. He studied hard at sc

19、hool when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life2. Toms father; who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.V. 几个易混淆的关系代词的比较：that & which:在定语从句中，which和that在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况 下都是这样，这里介绍用that,而不用which的情况. 先行词为不定代词,all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the

20、 one 等，/should do all that is useful to the people *s nothing that can be said about it you mean the one that was bought yesterday 先行词被 only, any, few, little, nojust, very, one of 等词修饰时。only thing that we could do was to wait*s the very word that is wrongly used3. The last place (that) we visited w

21、as the chemical works比较 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year.*This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year. 先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lakeis the third film that has been shown in our school this term 先行

22、词是最髙级或被最高级修饰时。is the best that can be done now.most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on. 先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that.如：writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were hel

23、d up by the police 被修饰词为数词时.I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive 如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that,以避免 语言的单调或重复。Edis on built up a factory which produced things that had n ever bee n see n before 疑问词是who或which,关系代词宜用that,以避免重复。1. Which

24、 is the book that you like best2. Who is the man that is standi ng at the gate 主句是There be结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that作关系代词.如：1. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free 被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that.1. Thats a good book that will help you a lot.2. My home village is no Ion ger the pl

25、ace (that) it used to be 定语从句中用which而不用that的情况： 当关系代词的前面有介词时.zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibit!on.this the room in which Mr. White lives 在非限制性定语从句中.s dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming

26、 popular in our country. 在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了 that,另一个宜用 which 1. Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us. 当关系代词后面带有插入语时.1. Heres the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English 先行词本身是that,宜用which .Whats that which

27、she is looking at 先行词是those+复数名词.A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best(B) who & that:who和that指代人时，有些情况用who,而不用that 先行id为 anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people 时.女hperson I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.who (=Whoever) failed to co

28、me to the meeting yesterday must give his reason who are not fit for their work should leave office at once 在There be结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人女口：is a gentleman who wants to see you are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clauses 当先行词有较长的后置定语时.如：1.1 met a

29、 foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very wellas & which:as & which引导非限制性定语从句的区别： 位置的不同：which引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后：as位置较灵活，也就是说as可置于所 限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如：1. He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.2. Jack, as you know, is an honest man. 或 Jack is an honest ma

30、n , as you know.或 As you know, Jack is an honest man. 先行词的不同：as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子：which引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个制，一个短语或一个句子。1. She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was2. He was proud, which I dislike very much.（先行词是一个句子）3. He is an honest man, as is known to all. as 般译

31、为”正如“”就像“，这一点as we all know： as you know; as is known to all; as you see; as we can see; as has been expected; as we have imagined.合并下列句子1. The woman is a teacher.2 .The woman lives next door.1. The nurse is kind.2. The nurse looks after my sister.is reading a book2. The book is too difficult for hi

32、m1.1 have a friend.2. He likes listening to classical music1. Many people were afraid to swim in the sea.2. They saw the film Jaws1. It is about a big white shark2. It attacks swimmers1.1 know the doctor.2 His daughter studies abroad.1. Have you seen my book2. The books cover is red用适当的关系词填空.you lik

33、e the presentI bought you yesterday2. The storybookwas written by his uncle was quite interesting3. The boycomputer doesnt work well needs your help4. This is the best moviewe have seen this year.5. The doctor we met in the street is from America6. The passengers and the suitcases were in the waitin

34、g room had to wait foranother plane7. Who is the girlyou want to make friends with8. This is the last lessonMr. Smith taught us.用适当的关系词填空.1.1 will never forget the dayI first went to school.I will never forget the daywe spent in Beijing2. The housewe visited is being repaired now.The houseLuxun once

35、 lived is being repaired now选择适当的代词填空，注意非限制性定语从句和单句的比较。am reading Harry Porter,is an interesting bookfailed in the made his parents angry.failed in the exam,made his parents angry.has two sons. Both ofare teachershas two sons, both ofare teachers介词+关系代词的使用1. Do you like the bookshe spent $102. Do yo

36、u like the book she paid $103. Do you like the bookshe learned a lot4. Do you like the bookshe often talks定语从句汉译英练习：1、她就是那个努力学习数学的女孩。2、他就是我们刚才谈论的那个人。3、这就是那个爸爸是警察的女孩。4、他们住在一座窗户朝南的房子里。5、我仍然记得我第一次來到这座城市的那一天。6、这就是我们以前住过的房子。7. 他考试通过了，这使他父母很高兴。&他们正在谈论在公园里看到的人和物。用适当的关系词填空：1.1 still remember the nightI firs

37、t came to the house2. Ill never forget the day we met each other last week3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October,is the best seas on there 4. This is the schoolI used to study5. Do you still remember the placewe visited last week6. Do you still remember the placewe visited the painting exhibit!o

38、n7.1 live in Beijing,is the capital of China.8. There was a timethere were slaves in the USA9. It was in the streetI met John yesterday10. This is the very novel aboutweve talked so much11. He lives in the roomwindow faces to the south12.1 hope you will find this valley a beautiful placeyou may spen

39、d your weekend.对比练习1. Tom is one of the boys who (be) from the USA.(2)Tom is the only one of the boys who(be) from the USA.2 . (1) Is this factorywe visited last week(2)Is this the factorywe visited last weekA. that B. whose C. who D. the one3 . (i) The old man didhe could to help the children.(2)The old man did all he could to help the children.A. what B. that C. all what D. which4. (1) The roomwindow fa