完整版句子成分学生版

1、句子成分专题（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓 语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。there be 结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词（二）主语：主语 （Subiect） 是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在 时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.We often speak English in class.One-third of the st

2、udents in this class are girls.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.Smoking does harm to the health.The rich should help the poorWhen we are going to have an English test has not been decided.It is necessary to master a foreign language.（三）谓语 （Predicate） 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构

3、 成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.The plane took off at ten o clock.2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.（四）表语（Predicative）用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, tu

4、rn,seem 等）之后。Our teacher of English is an American.Is it yours?The weather has turned cold.The speech is exciting.Three times seven is twenty one?His job is to teach English.His hobby is playing football.The meeting is of great importance.Time is up. The class is over.The truth is that he has never

5、been abroad.注意：系动词（ Linking verb） 用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。1） 状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be 一词，例如：He is a teacher.keep, remain, stay, lie, stand,2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有例如： He always kept silent at meeting.3） 表像系动词用来表示“看起来像 ”这一概念，主要有 seem, appear, look, 例如： He seems （to be） very sad.4）感官系动词主要有 feel, sme

6、ll, sound, taste, 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如：5）变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有He became mad after ve, turn out, 表达 证实，变成 之意，6）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有例如： The rumor proved false.His plan turned out a success（五）宾语 （Object）表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例You

7、should take this medicine three tines a day.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.How many dictionaries do you have? I have fiveThey helped the old with their housework yesterday.He pretended not to see me.I enjoy listening to popular music.I think （ that） he is fit for his offic

8、e宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语 +直接宾语），例如： Lend me your dictionary, please.To: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw 等，例如： He sent the novel to William yesterday.For: leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, save 等，例如：She bought a gift for her mother.（2）复合宾语（

9、宾语 +宾补），例如： They elected him their monitor 下列动词只能接不定式做宾语stop, mean, try, remember, forget, regret 等。agree, choose, demand, dare, decide, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire 等，如： He refused to lend me his bike. 下列动词只能接动名词做宾语 admit, avoid

10、, advise, consider, enjoy, , escape, finish, imagine, mind, practise, suggest 等， John has admitted breaking the window . 下列动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做宾语，但意义不同，如（六）宾语补足语英语中有些及物动词， 除有一个直接宾语以外， 还要有一个宾语补足语 （ Object Complement ），才能使句子的意义完整。 带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。His father named him Dongming. They pain

11、ted their boat white. Let the fresh air in.You mustn t force him to lend his money to you. We saw her entering the room.We found everything in the lab in good order. We will soon make our city what your city is now.(Attribute) 。定语可由以下等成分表示：（七）定语修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语 Guilin is a beautiful city.China is

12、 a developing country; America is a developed country.There are thirty women teachers in our school. His rapid progress in English made us surprised. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. He is reading an article about how to lea

13、rn English. I like the book which was bought yesterday.Adverbial )。可由以下（八）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语（ 形式表示 ：Light travels most quickly.He has lived in the city for ten years.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examinationHe is in the room making a model plane.Once yo

14、u begin, you must continue.How about meeting again at six?Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.I shall go there if it doesn t rain. Mr Smith lives on the third floor.She put the eggs into the basket with great careShe came in with a dictionary in her hand.In order to catch

15、up with the others, I must work harder.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.She works very hard though she is old.I am taller than he is 二、简单句、并列句和复合句（一）句子种类两种分类法 1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定） ：He is six years old; She didn t hear of you before.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skat in g? How o

16、ld is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can t she?3）祈使句： Be careful, boys; Don t talk in class4）感叹句： How clever the boy is! 按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures fo

17、r the wall newspapers2）并列句：由并列连词（ and, but, or 等）或分号（； ）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g. You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从 句）、定语从句和状语从句等。e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were a

18、t the Great Wall（二）简单句的五种基本句型1、主语 +系动词 +表语： e.g. He is a student.2、3、4、5、主语 +不及物动词： e.g. We work.主语 +及物动词 +宾语： e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.主语 +及物动词 +双宾语（间接宾语 +直接宾语） ： e.g. My father bought me a car.主语 +及物动词 +复合宾语（宾语 +宾补）： e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。（三）并列句的分类1、表示连接两

19、个同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also，neithernor，等连接。e.g. The teacher s name is Smith, and the student s name is John.2、表示选择，常用的连词有 or, either。厂,otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or you ll miss the train.3、 表示转折，常用的连词有but, however, yet, while, when 等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange

20、 way of making his classes lively and interesting.4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore 等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark1. Give me one more minute I ll be able to finish it.D. soD. hasn t itD. What anA. and B. orC. if2. It s the third time

21、that John has been late, ?A. hasn t heB. isn t heC. isn t it3. joyful he was to meet his brother again!A. How B. What C. What a4. You had better not smoke here, ?D. have youD. orA. will you B. had you C. shall you5. Train as hard as you can you ll win the swimming competition.A. then B. but C. and6.

22、 John has not yet passed the driving test, and .A. Henry hasn t too B. Henry also has not either C. neither Henry hasD. neither has Henry7. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, others enjoy swimming.A. or B. for C. while D. so8. Do you feel like going out would you rather

23、have dinner at home? I d like to go out.9. Your uncle isn t an engineer, is he? .A. Yes, he isn tB. No, he isn tC. No, he isD. He is10. friendly to everyone!A. How, is sheB. What, is sheC. How, she isD. What, she is11. Mary went to bed early, she felt very tired.A. orB.soC. forD. yet12. Mother a dre

24、ss when she cut her finger.A. was makingB. makesC. is makingD. made13. He lay in bed read something borrowed from library.A. butB. andC.orD. yet14. I d really like some lunch but I have so much work to do. what you want and I can get it for you.A. Tell meB. If you would say to meC. You will tell me15. As he is strong, can lift one hundredA. yet heD. If you tell meB. but hepounds.C. andD. he16. I thought you had an umbrella. I ha