(2021年整理)2019-2020年中考英语基础语法十三主谓一致和倒装句

1、2019-2020年中考英语基础语法十三主谓一致和倒装句2019-2020年中考英语基础语法十三主谓一致和倒装句 编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（2019-2020年中考英语基础语法十三主谓一致和倒装句）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快 业绩进步，以下为2019-2020年中考英语基础语法十三主谓一致和倒装句的

2、全部内容。2019-2020年中考英语 基础语法十三 主谓一致和倒装句01 命题趋势 考标导向化主谓一致是初中阶段的重要语法项目之一，经常出现在近几年的中考试卷中。考查重点是主谓一致：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则,其中语法一致原则和就近一致原则是历年的考查热点.从命题形式来看，主要以单项选择为主，在完形填空、句型转换和翻译句子中有时也会涉及此考点。02 定义 概念清晰化主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致必须遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形

3、式，谓语也用复数形式。意义一致原则是主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致，即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。就近一致原则也叫邻近原则，是指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。03 知识归类 知识网络化语法一致原则分类图解使用情况例句“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语）、从句”等用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式.the girl is fond of singing。to protect the environment is our duty.reading in the s

4、un is bad for our eyes.表示复数的名词、代词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。the students are having their math class。they have been to qingdao twice。and连接主语时，如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式;如果该并列主语指的是“同一个人或事物”（即and后面的名词前面没有冠词），则谓语动词要用单数形式.eating vegetables and doing exercise are good for our health.the writer and teacher is co

5、ming。the writer and the teacher are coming.bothand连接主语,谓语动词用复数形式。both peter and mike come from england。有些只有复数形式的名词(如glasses， shorts， trousers, jeans, shoes, clothes, gloves等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式.jacks glasses are broken.lindas shoes are black and blue。“a number of +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of+复数名词”作

6、主语,谓语动词用单数形式.a number of trees have been planted。the number of the men teachers in our school is more than 120。不定代词another， each one, either, neither, the other, somebody， someone， something， nobody, everybody， everyone， everything， nothing, anybody, anything， anyone, no one等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式.is everyo

7、ne here？something is wrong with my computer.i called last night,but nobody was in。主语后面跟with， along with， like, except， besides， as well as, together with, including, no less than, rather than, as much as等词或短语时,谓语动词的数与主语保持一致mei mei,with her parents，often goes to the park on sunday。a teacher，together

8、with some students,is standing at the gate。主语前面有表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind （sort/ type/ form/ pair/ cup/ glass/ piece/ load/ block/ box/ handful/ quantity/ ton/ metre/）of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语的单复数形式.this kind of car is made in china.large quantities of water are needed.“分数或百分数 + 名词”作主语或“a lot oflots o

9、f, plenty of, most of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。若名词是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；若名词是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式.two thirds of the work has been finished.most of the books are written in english.特例清单1。what从句作主语时 ,如果表示的是单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示的是复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：what we need is time。我们需要的是时间.what she needs are good

10、 books。她需要的是一些好书.2。and连接并列主语，若前面有each,every，many a，no等词修饰时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：each boy and each girl has got a present。每个男孩和女孩都收到了一份礼物.【题组训练】( ）1.(2014黔东南)climbing hills _ good for our health。a。are b.is c。was d.were（ )2。(2014咸宁）what are you going to do this weekend？i together with my classmates _ going t

11、o climb mount qian。a。is b。am c。are d。were( )3.（2014达州)i called you at 5：00 yesterday afternoon,but no one answered.sorry,i with my parents_ at that time.a。was shopping b.were shoppingc.are shopping d。went shopping( )4。(2014孝感）a number of volunteers _ from far away cities.a.is b.arec。is come d。arc co

12、me（ )5。(2014白银）the zoo keeper is worried because the number of visitors _ smaller and smaller。a。become b。are becomingc.is becoming d.have become意义一致原则分类图解使用情况例句使用情况例句有些集体名词如crowd，family, team, group, government， class, staff， public等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定：若它们表示一个集体单位，则动词用单数形式;若表示集体中的成员，则谓语用复数形式。his

13、 family isnt large.his family are fond of watching sports programs.有些集合名词如people， police， cattle, poultry(家禽)等，形式上是单数，而意义上却表示复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词如news， means， works， physics， politics， maths等,形式上是复数，而意义上却表示单数，因此谓语动词用单数形式。the police are searching for the murder。physics is really difficult for me“the +

14、 某些形容词”可以表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式.the young are energetic.某些代词或短语如half（of），plenty （of)，the rest(of），(a）part(of）等作主语时,谓语动词应视其“具体所指即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数。half of the work has been finished.half of the workers have finished their work ahead of time.表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，通常视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。two pounds isnt

15、 so heavy。two months is a long holiday.ten yuan is enough.ten minus five is five.特例清单1.某些以s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名,如the united states，the netherlands等,谓语动词用单数形式；如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。如：the united states is a developed country.美国是一个发达的国家。the niagara falls are perhaps the most splendid waterfall in t

16、he world.尼亚加拉大瀑布或许是世界上最壮观的瀑布.2.none如果指量，动词用单数；若用来指数目,与可数名词连用，谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可；none如果代指不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数.如:none of the money belongs to me。没有一分钱是属于我的。none of the students has/have been to egypt in our class.我们班没有一个学生去过埃及。3。“all/most/half/the rest of+名词”作主语，谓语动词与of后面的名词的数保持一致。如：most of her money is spent on

17、 clothes.她的大部分钱被花在衣服上了.half of the students watch tv twice a week.一半的学生一周看两次电视.【题组训练】（ )6。(2014广东）do you need more time to complete the task？-yes.another ten days _ enough.a.is b。was c。are d.were（ ）7。（2014宜宾)look！ the police _ the food onto the bank of the river。a。am carrying b.is carryingc.are carr

18、ying d.are carried( ）8.(2013广安)-maths _ my favorite subject.what about you?physics _。i think its very interesting。a.is;is b.are；are c。are；is( )9.(2012佛山）thanks to the organization,some money _ given to the poor children.a.was b。were c。are（ )10.（2012自贡）how soon can you finish this job？-two days _ eno

19、ugh for me to finish the work.i need a week。a。isnt b。arent c。is就近一致原则分类图解使用情况例句由or, eitheror, nor, neithernor，whetheror，notbut，not onlybut also等连词连接并列主语时，谓语动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致neither you nor he is wrong。not only jim but also his friends are enjoying the film。here/there be句型中句子的主语在be之后，系动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致。h

20、ere are some books and paper for you。there is an orange and two apples on the plate.【题组训练】（ )11。(2014广安）neither tony nor i _ interested in playing weibo。you are out.a.am b。is c。are（ )12.（2014白银）there _ great changes in such kind of pdas（掌上电脑）in the last few years。a。has been b。have beenc.has had d。ha

21、ve had( )13。(2014济宁）across from my home，_ a shop which sells things from foreign countries。a。it is b.it hasc。there is d。that is（ )14。（2014重庆）there _ lots of sheep and pigs on my uncles farm now.a。was b。were c。is d.are（ ）15.(2013安顺）neither my sister nor i _ been to america before。a。have ever b.have n

22、everc。has ever d.has never倒装句结构例句so+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语(主语不是同一个人，意为“也是如此”)tom has ever been to china。汤姆曾经到过中国.so has mike。迈克也去过。neither+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语(主语不是同一个人，表否定）-li ping wasnt late for school this morning。李平今天上午没有上学迟到。neither was tom。汤姆也没有。so+主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词（主语是同一个人，意为“的确如此)he continued watching

23、tv after the phone rang many times。在电话铃响很多次后他继续看电视.so he did.的确如此。here/there+谓语动词+名词主语here/there+代词主语+谓语动词here comes the bus.公共汽车来了.here it is.它在这里。【题组训练】（ )16。(2014黄石)sorry sir,ive made so many mistakes in this paper。its ok._.this paper is very difficult.a.so have other studentsb。so do other studen

24、tsc.neither do other studentsd.neither have other students( ）17。（2014南充)he hasnt seen that interesting film before._.a.so have i b。neither have ic.nor do i d.so do i( )18.（2014云南)kunming is really a comfortable city to live in。_.the weather is pleasant.a.so it is b.so is itc.so it does d。so does it(

25、 )19。(2014遂宁)will you go to peters party this saturday evening？i havent decided yet.if you dont go，_.a。so will i b.neither do ic.neither will i( ）20.(2014白银)has your mother been to london?yes，and _ .we went together。a.so have i b.so i havec.neither have i d。neither i have04 整合集训 反馈层级化( ）1.one of my

26、friends _ moved to america. i miss her so much.a。has b.havec.is d。are（ )2。this is my twin sister， lucy。 not only she but also i_ good at drawing。a.is b。am c。are d.be( ）3.ten minutes ago, there _ an eraser,a pen and some books on the desk.a.is b.are c。was d.were（ )4.linda,with her parents, _ the wolf

27、 hill， and they will be back this afternoon.a。have gone to b.has been toc。have been to d.has gone to( ）5.in 1850，about a third of the usa _ covered with forests（森林)。a。were b。has beenc.are d。was（ )6。the population of the world _ still _ now。a.has;grown b。will;growc。is;grown d。is;growing( ）7.as the sa

28、ying goes， no news _ good news.a.is b。are c。has d.have( )8。most of the boys who are good at playing basketball_ in good health.a.is b.are c。was d。were( ）9.have you got any water to drink？-here you are.there _still some in the bottle.a.are b.has c。is d。have（ ）10.cindy together with her parents often

29、_ to the movies on weekends。a。go b。goesc。has gone d。have gone( ）11.-which would you like，tea or coffee?-either_ ok，but i prefer coffee _ tea.a.is；to b.are；withc.is;with d。are；to（ ）12。the whole family _ enjoying the beautiful music now.a.is all b。all is c.all are d。are all（ ）13。how much would you lik

30、e to pay for the pair of shoes?twenty dollars _ enough.a。be b。is c。are d。am( ）14.-physics _ more difficult than math， do you think so?-yes,i think so.a.is b.are c。has d.have（ )15.everyone _ i come from sichuan。 actually， i come from shanxi。a。thinks b。dont thinkc.think d。doesnt think( )16。each man an

31、d woman _ the same rights(权利).a。had b.hasc.have d。is having（ ）17.climbing hills _ of great help to our health。a.was b。were c。is d。are（ ）18。each of the girls here _ to the west lake twice.a。have gone b.have beenc.has gone d。has been( ）19。neither my father nor my mother _ rock music.they think its too

32、 _。a。likes；noisy b。likes;noisec。like；noisy d.like;noise( )20。_ of the land in this district _ covered with trees and grass.a.two fifths;are b.two fifth;arec。two fifth;is d.two fifths；is（ ）21.something _ gone wrong with my tv set。a.has b。havec。is d.are( ）22.talking aloud on a mobile phone _ impolite.

33、a.are b。seem c。is d。look（ ）23。everyone except bill and jim _ there when the meeting began。a。was b。is c.are d.were( )24。half of the students _ made the suggestions。a。has b.have c.is d。are（ ）25.-how many classes do you usually have a day？six classes a day.and each of them _ 45 minutes.a。last b.lasts c

34、。have d。are 参考答案:（十三）主谓一致和倒装句题组训练1-5bbabc610acaaa1115abcda16-20abaca整合集训15abcdd610dabcb1115adbaa1620bcdad21-25acabb20192020年中考英语 基础语法十二 句子的类型 复合句01 命题趋势 考标导向化近几年对复合句的考查主要包括宾语从句(包括直接引语与间接引语的互换）、状语从句和定语从句。预计2015年对宾语从句的考查仍然会是宾语从句的语序和时态,状语从句中连词的选择和时态；对定语从句的考查重点是关系代词的选用。02 定义 概念清晰化1。宾语从句指在复合句中充当宾语的从句，常常位

35、于及物动词或介词之后，作宾语。宾语从句的引导词是由宾语从句的句子类型决定的，常考的引导词有that, if， whether, what， which, when, where， how， why等，宾语从句中的时态由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定.2.直接引语指的是直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号标出；间接引语是指用自己的语言转述别人的话.直接引语变间接引语时在句型、人称、时态、语序、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等方面都要进行变化。3.在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的句子叫状语从句，在句中起到状语的作用.常考的状语从句有时间状语从句（由when，while,before，notunti

36、l等引导)、条件状语从句(由if,unless，as long as等引导)、原因状语从句(由because,since等引导）、结果状语从句（由so that，sothat等引导)、目的状语从句（由in order that等引导）、让步状语从句（由though，although等引导)。4.定语从句是指在句中作定语，用来修饰名词、名词性词组或代词的句子.被定语从句修饰的名词、名词性词组或代词叫做先行词,在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。定语从句常用的关系代词有who,whose,that,which,关系副词有when,where，why等。03 知识归类 知识网络化宾语从句与

37、直接引语和间接引语分类图解用法例句当宾语从句或间接引语是由陈述句转换而来时,用that来引导从句或间接引语，其中的that无具体意义，一般可以省略。he tells me (that) he is going shopping this sunday。he said (that） the bank was near the hotel。当宾语从句或间接引语是由一般疑问句转换而来时，用if或whether来引导从句或间接引语，意思是“是否”。从句或间接引语用陈述语序。she asked me if/whether she could join us。he wondered if/whether

38、the workers had finished the work。当宾语从句或间接引语是由特殊疑问句转换而来时，特殊疑问词就是宾语从句或间接引语的引导词。从句或间接引语用陈述语序。do you know who broke the door？she asked me whose pen that was.特例清单1。当宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来时,引导词用if或whether，如果从句中有or not或从句充当介词的宾语时,只能用whether。如：i dont know whether he will come or not.我不知道他是否会来.she is worried about

39、whether it is true。她正担心着这件事是否是真的。2.宾语从句中，主句为一般现在时，则从句可以根据实际需要用各种相应的时态。主句为一般过去时,则从句必须用过去的某种时态。如：i remember he gave me a book yesterday。我记得他昨天给了我一本书。he told me that he would take part in the high jump.他告诉我他将会参加跳高比赛。3.宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是 know, remember, forget， learn等词时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构.如：she do

40、esnt know what she should do next.=she doesnt know what to do next。她不知道下一步该做什么.4.直接引语是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell (ask,order等)sb。（not） to do sth.句型.如:“dont make any noise。” she said to the children。she told the children not to make any noise.“不要制造任何噪音”她对孩子们说。5。在宾语从句或间接引语中如果叙述的是客观真理、客观事实等，不管主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。如：

41、he said that light travels much faster than sound.他说光比声音的传播速度要快得多.6。直接引语变为间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和某些具有方向性的动词要作相应的变化。具体见下表：【题组训练】（ ）1。(2014金华）jimmy，the 2014 fifa world cup is coming.do you know _ the first match will be on？on june 13th。a.how b.where c。why d。when( ）2.(2014安徽）its so late。why not write the

42、 report tomorrow?but i dont know _ i can do it if not now。a。why b。when c。how d.where( )3。(2014昆明）excuse me，could you please tell me _?yes,there is a history museum.a。how often do you go to the history museumb.are there any good museums in kunmingc。how long it takes to get to the history museumd.if t

43、here are any good museums in kunming（ )4.(2014镇江）granny,the school trip was very exciting but a little tiring。oh,could you tell me _?a。how did you go to the parkb。what you did in the tripc.that you saw something beautifuld.if your friends had played with you( )5。(2014十堰)could you please tell me_ ?of

44、 course. many people in shiyan know it.a。where is mount wudangb.how can i get to wulong riverc.what is shennongjia famous ford。if there will be a new airport in shiyan状语从句分类图解分类连接词例句时间状语从句when/while/as, before，after，since,until，as soon asshe was cooking when someone knocked at the door.he often went

45、 to the concert while he stayed in berlin。i didnt go to bed until she came back。条件状语从句if,as long as，unlessill go to see you if i have time.they will have a picnic unless it rains next sunday原因状语从句because，since,as,forhe didnt catch the first bus because he got up too late。we should study hard since w

46、e are students。目的状语从句so that,in order thatplease say it in a loud voice so that everyone can hear it。结果状语从句so that，sothat/suchthatits so hot that we want to go swimming。it is such a heavy box that nobody can move it away.让步状语从句though/although，even,ifalthough its raining hard,they are still working h

47、ard in the field。比较状语从句than,asas，not as/soashe ran as fast as mike.【题组训练】（ )6.(2014重庆）id like to have a try，_ i may fail。a.since b.though c。until d.after( )7。(2014杭州)in summer milk will quickly go bad _ it is put into a fridge。a。though b.unless c。because d.once( )8.(2014德州）are you going out，mike？its

48、 really late now.its the last day to buy tickets to the 2014 fifa world cup in brazil，_ i must go now。a.if b。or c.so d。though( )9。（2014济宁）laura opened the door and rushed into the rain_ i could stop her。a。until b。after c。before d。unless（ ）10。（2014广州)mum says _ i do my homework now，i can watch tv for

49、 an hour tonight。a。if b。thoughc.because d.while定语从句分类图解分类引导词例句关系代词who,whom,which，that，whosethe man who is working there is my brother.this is the book(that/which) i bought yesterday.the room whose window is open is mine.关系副词when，where,whyi still remember the day when you left for beijing.this is the

50、 school where my mother works.特例清单定语从句中引导词只能用that的情况:（1)当先行词为anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时,只能使用“that”。如:is there anything that i can do for you?我能为你做点什么吗?(2)当先行词为all，any，much,many等词时，只能使用“that”.如：tom told her mother all that had happened。汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈.（3）当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时,只能使用“that”.如：this is t

51、he most wonderful time that i have ever had.这是我度过的最美好的时光。(4）当先行词被序数词修饰时，只能使用“that.如：he was the first person that passed the exam。他是第一个通过考试的人。(5）当先行词被the only,the very，the same,the last修饰时，只能使用“that”。如：this will be the last chance that he can get。这将会是他可以得到的最后一次机会.he is the only person that can help you out.他是唯一能帮你的人。（6)先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能使用“that。如:they talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.他们谈论他们记得的有关