2020年上海市杨浦区高考一模英语试题(教师版

1、杨浦区2019学年第一学期高三模拟质量调研英语学科试卷n . Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use

2、 one word that best fits each blank.Killer RabbitsYou d never think of rabbits as dreadful, destructive creatures, would you? Rabbits are cute and love-able. However, Australians discovered 1 harm these cute creatures can do the hard way.Rabbits were introduced to Australia in 1788 as food animals.

3、By 1827, they were running around large estates, and in 1859, disaster struck. A man released 12 wild rabbits onto his property for hunting and he 2 have thought that was harmless fun. But Australia has no predators(捕食者) 3_ (adapt) to killing rabbits and none of the diseases that kept their populati

4、ons4 control in Europe. The loose rabbits bred like, well, rabbits, and began to take over the countryside. Within a few decades, there were millions. By 1950, there were 600 million rabbits in Australia.Six hundred million hungry rabbits could do real harm. They caused more damage than any other sp

5、ecies introduced to the continent. They ate native plant species 5 they disappeared.They competed for food and shelter with native animals. they caused the extinction or endangerment of numerous plant and animal species. And they were a nightmare for cattle and sheep farmers, 6 animals couldnt get e

6、nough grass to eat and starved.The rabbits did some good, of course. They provided food for poor families. They supported fur industries. But their impact on the environment and major livestock economy was too negative7 (ignore). People tried trapping them. They even built a huge wall against them.

7、But8 (effective) weapon was a virus.9 (test) multiple times, the deadly myxoma virus was released on Australias rabbitsin 1950. The virus had been developed very carefully to affect only rabbits. Nearly 100 percentof the rabbits who caught the disease 10 (die).Populations fell. It was a huge success

8、.Cattle and sheep farming recovered gradually, and threatened plants were better protected.Eventually, rabbits became resistant to the virus.【答案】1. what2. must 3. adapted4. under 5. until6. whose 7. to be ignored8. the most effective9. Having been tested10. died【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了兔子对澳大利亚的环境和畜牧业造成的影响以及当

9、地的应对措施。【1题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：然而，澳大利亚人发现了这些可爱的生物所造成的伤害。此处为宾语从句，从句中的do缺少宾语，故填what。【2题详解】考查情态动词+have done结构。句意：一个人放了 12只野兔到他的地里打猎，他一定认为那是无害的乐趣。must have done 表示对过去事情最有把握的肯定推测，表示“一定，故填 must。【3题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：但澳大利亚没有适合猎杀兔子的食肉动物，也没有让它们的数量在欧洲得到控制的疾病。be adapted to doing 表示“适应做某事”，此处去掉 be做后置定语，故填 adapted o【4题详解】考查介

10、词。句意同上， under control 表示“处于控制之下“，故填 under。【5题详解】考查连词。句意：它们吃本地的植物直到这些植物消失。分析句子结构可知此处缺少连词，根据句意可知此处表示“直到，故填 until 。【6题详解】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：而对于牛羊养殖户来说，这是一场噩梦，他们的牲畜无法获得足够的草来吃，并且挨饿。此处为非限定性定语从句，animals与先行词farmers之间是所属关系，用关系代词 whose在从句中做定语，故填whose。【7题详解】考查固定句式和被动语态。句意：但它们对环境和主要畜牧业经济的影响是不容忽视的。too - to表示“太而不能，imp

11、act与ignore之间是被动关系，故填 to be ignored 。【8题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：但最有效的武器是病毒。上文提到了人们通过诱捕和筑墙的方式控制兔子的数量，因此此处含有最高级含义，表示“最有效的，故填 the most effective【9题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：经过多次测试，致命的粘液瘤病毒于 1950年在澳大利亚的兔子身上投放。the deadly myxoma virus与test之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，而且test这一动作明显发生在 released之前，所以用现在分词的完成被动式做状语，故填 Having been tested 。【10题详

12、解】考查时态。句意：感染这种疾病的兔子几乎100%O死了。事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，故填died。Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a properword chosen from the box. Each word can be used onlyonce. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. string B. contained C. representing D. detailing E. scientific F. currents G. recovere

13、d H. encounijered L estimated Jr instructions K, decora Li onBottle Found at Sea Used for Scientific PurposeCombing the beach for shells, sea glass, or colorful rocks is a leisure activity enjoyed bymany. Some even use metal detectors to find buried treasure or other objects. Only the lucky few have

14、 11 a message in a bottle that was dropped off by the tide. The tradition of putting a letter to an unknown recipient into a bottle and throwing it into the ocean has an interesting past. An early 12 use for the practice was revealed when the oldest recorded message ina bottle was found by Tonya on

15、a beach near Wedge Island, Australia.Tonya was on a family outing when she noticed the antique glass bottle in the sand and thoughtit would make a nice 13. While she was cleaning the sandy gin bottle, a rolled up paper 12, 1886. According to official documents from the German sailing vessels, Paula,

16、 a crew member tossed the bottle overboard a(n)15 950 km off the coast of Western Australia. Furthertied with a14fell out. The damp page was a message written in German and dated Juneresearch authenticated( 验证)the letter, which had been sent afloat 132 years ago and is the oldest message in a bottle

17、 ever 16.Historians confirm that thousands of similar bottles were cast overboard by German shipsbetween 1864 and 1933. And 17 inside were official documents written by the captain ofthe ship, 18 routes, coordinates, and other information. These early messages in a bottlewere an attempt by the Germa

18、n Naval Observatory to map ocean 19 around the world.On the back of the notes were 20 to write the time and place the bottles were foundand return them to the German Naval Observatory in Hamburg or the nearest German authorities.Using this information for reference was an early system of studying pa

19、tterns in nature and thevast ocean in particular.【答案】11. H 12. E13. K 14. A15. I 16. G17. B 18. D19. F 20. J【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了世界上最古老的漂流瓶里的信息是德国海军天文台试图绘制世界各地洋流的地 图。【11题详解】考查动词。句意：只有少数幸运的人才会遇到被潮水冲走的漂流瓶里的信息。此处缺少动词做谓语，用的是现在完成时，此处需要填过去分词，根据 Some even use metal detectors to find buried treasureor other

20、objects. ”可知此处表示遇到，故填H。【12题详解】考查形容词。句意：当托尼娅在澳大利亚韦奇岛附近的海滩上发现了瓶中最古老的信息时，这种做法的早期科学用途就被揭示了。修饰名词use用形容词，根据下文所说的“这些早期的信息是德国海军天文台试E。图绘制世界各地洋流的地图”可知此处表示“科学的”，故填【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：托尼娅正在一个家庭郊游时，她注意到沙子里有一个古董玻璃瓶，她认为这会是一个很好的装饰。做动词 make的宾语用名词，根据常识可知，古董玻璃瓶可以作为一个装饰品，故填K。【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：当她清洗那个满是沙子的杜松子酒瓶子时，一张用绳子绑着的一卷纸掉了

21、出来。做介词with的宾语用名词，根据a rolled up paper tied ”可知此处表示细绳”，故填A。【15题详解】950公里的地方。考查形容词。句意：根据德国帆船的官方文件，船员保拉把瓶子扔到离西澳大利亚海岸约此处缺少形容词做定语修饰950 km,根据“950 km off the coast of Western Australia.”可知此处表 示“估算的、大约”，estimated是过去分词转化而来的形容词，表示“估算的”，故填 I。【16题详解】考查动词。句意：进一步的研究证实了这是一封132年前从海上发出的信，它是迄今为止发现的瓶子里最古老的信息。此处缺少非谓语动词做后

22、置定语修饰the oldest message in a bottle ,根据which had beensent afloat 132 years ago and is the oldest message in a bottle ever”可知此处表示 “被发现的,故填Go【17题详解】考查动词。句意：里面有船长写的官方文件，详细说明了航线、坐标和其他信息。分析句子结构可知此处使用的是倒装结构，根据 inside were official documents written by the captain of the ship, 8 routes, coordinates, and ot

23、her information” 可知此处表示 包含, documents 与之是被动关系， 所以用过去分词，故填 B。【18题详解】考查形容词。句意同上，修饰名词routes用形容词，根据routes, coordinates, and other information ” 可知此处表示“详细的”，故填D。【19题详解】考查名词。句意：这些早期的信息是德国海军天文台试图绘制世界各地洋流的地图。做动词map的宾语用名词，根据an attempt by the German Naval Observatory to map ocean”可知此处表示洋流，故填F。【20题详解】考查名词。句意：纸

24、条背面有写下发现瓶子的时间和地点并将它们送回汉堡的德国海军天文台或最近的德to write the time国当局的指示。分析句子结构可知本句使用的是倒装结构，此处缺少名词做主语，根据and place the bottles were found and return them to the German Naval Observatory in Hamburg orthe nearest German authorities ”可知此处表示“指示，故填 J。【点睛】本篇第 2空的难度在于答案依据离空处较远，这就要求同学们耐心阅读，仔细寻找答案依据，切 不可急于做选择，首先确定词性再判断词义

25、，首先确定修饰名词use用形容词，从空前上一句或下一句无法判断该词词义，这就需要我们耐心阅读，在后文中寻找依据，根据下文中的These early messages ina bottle were an attempt by the German Naval Observatory to mapocean 9 around the world.”可知，这些早期的信息是德国海军天文台试图绘制世界各地洋流的地图，这属于科学用途，由此可知此处 表示“科学的，故填E。III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the

26、 following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A star athlete stopped by my office and she was eaten up by self-criticism after committinga few errors during a weekend match. I m at peak 21 and I practise

27、 hard. How is this happening? This student, like manyI teach, believes she should be able to 22 the outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work.I study and write about resilience (复原力),and I m noticing a(n)23 increase instudents like this athlete. When they win, they feel powerful and smart. Whe

28、n they fall short of what they imagine they should 24, however, they are crushed by self-blame.Wetalk often about young adults struggling with failure because their parents have protected them from 25. But there is something else at play among the most advantaged in particular:a 26 promise that they

29、 can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it.Psychologists have sourced this phenomenonto a misapplication of “mind-set research which has found that praising children for 27 will increase academic performance. Developedby Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck, mind-set education has spread

30、across classrooms worldwide. But a 2018 analysis found that while praising hard work over ability may benefit economically disadvantaged students, it does not 28 help everyone.One possible explanation comes from Nina Kumar, who argued in a research paper last year that for teens in wealthy, pressure

31、- cooker communities, “It is not a29 of motivation andperseverance that is the big problem. 30, it is unhealthy perfectionism and difficulty with backing off when they should, when the f ierce drive for achievements is over the top. This can 31 physical and emotional stress. In a 2007 study, psychol

32、ogists Gregory Miller determined that adolescent girls who refused to give up the 32 goals showed elevatedlevels of CRP, a protein that serves as a marker of systemic inflammation（炎症）linked to diabetes,heart disease and other medical conditions.The cruel reality is that you can do everything in your

33、 power and still fail. This knowledge comes early to underrepresented minorities whose experience of discrimination （歧视）andinequality teaches them to 33 what is, for now, largely beyond their control to change.Yet for others, the belief that success is always within their grasp is a setup. Instead o

34、f allowing our kids to beat themselves up when things don t go their way , we should all question a culture that has taught them that how they perform for others is more important than what 34 inspires them and that where they go to college matters more than the kind of person they are. We should be

35、 wise to remind our kids that life has a way of disappointing us when we least35 it. It s often the people who learn to say “stuffhappens“ who get up the fastest.21. A. coolnessB. fitnessC.goodnessD. readiness22 A. controlB.changeC. adjustD. celebrate23. A. amusingB. inspiringC. troublingD. touching

36、24. A. applyB. approveC. appreciateD. accomplish25. A. disbeliefB. disagreementC. discoveryD. discomfort26. A. brightB. falseC. generalD. flexible27. A. virtueB. abilityC. effortD. status28. A. originallB. obviouslyC. necessarilyD. regularly29. A. choiceB. commandC. displayD. lack30. A. InsteadB. Ot

37、herwiseC. ThereforeD. However31. A. result fromB. apply forC. associate withD. lead to32. A. ImmoralB. impersonalC. impossibleD. impolite33. A. challenge34. A. plainly35. A. exhibit【答案】21. B 22. AB. acceptB. probablyB. expect23. C 24. D 25. DC. assessC. immediatelyC. establish26. B 27. C 28. C 29.D.

38、 inquireD. actuallyD. recognizeD 30. A31. D 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，由一个明星运动员在比赛中犯错而自责不已的故事引出了这样一种现象现在很多孩子秉承一种不健康的完美主义，认为付出努力就应该得到好的结果，这使他们对成就的追求超过了自己的极限并很难在应该放弃的时候放手，从而导致身体和精神上的双重压力，我们需要提醒孩子生活总是在我们最不经意的时候让我们失望。【 21 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意： “我正处于最佳状态， 我努力训练。这是怎么回事？A. coolness 冷静； B. fitness

39、健康、恰当；C. goodness 善良； D. readiness 愿意。空前说这个运动员是明星运动员，因此她应该是处于最佳的状态，她不明白自己为何还会在比赛中犯错误，故B 项正确。【 22 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个学生，和我教的很多学生一样，相信她应该能够通过努力训练来控制生活的结果。A. control 控制； B. change 改变； C. adjust 调整； D. celebrate 庆祝。上文说这个明星运动员处于最佳的状态，她对自己在比赛中犯错自责不已，言外之意，她认为自己努力训练就应该会得到好的结果，因此她相信通过自己的努力训练，她能够控制生活的结果，故A项正确。

40、【 23 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我研究并撰写了关于适应力的文章，我注意到，像这位运动员这样的学生人数出现了令人不安的增长。A. amusing 逗乐的；B. inspiring 鼓舞人心的；C. troubling 令人不安的；D.touching感人的。像这位运动员这样的学生人数的增长是令人不安的，故C项正确。【 24 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当他们没有达到他们想象的目标时，他们就会自责。A. apply 应用； B.approve 批准； C. appreciate 欣赏； D. accomplish 实现、达到。空前说当他们赢了的时候，他们会觉得自己很强大，很聪

41、明，此处与之形成对比，说的是没有实现目标的时候他们的心态，故D 项正确。【 25 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们经常谈论年轻人在失败中挣扎，因为他们的父母保护他们免受不适。A.disbelief 怀疑； B. disagreement 不一致；C. discovery 发现； D. discomfort 不适、不安。根据空前的“ their parents have protected them from ”可知，这些在失败中挣扎的年轻人的父母保护他们免受不适，故 D 项正确。【 26 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在最有优势的人当中，还有一些事情在起作用：如果他们愿意为之努力，他

42、们就能实现任何目标的错误承诺。A. bright 明亮的；B. false 错误的、虚假的；C. general 普遍的；D. flexible 灵活的。根据上文提到的那个明星运动员的例子可知，认为凭借努力就能实现目标的想法是错误的，故B 项正确。【 27 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：心理学家将这一现象归因于“思维定势”研究的误用，研究发现，表扬孩子的努力会提高学习成绩。A. virtue 美德； B. ability 能力； C. effort 努力； D. status 地位。上文说的那个明星运动员认为凭借努力就应该实现目标，因此此处指“表扬孩子的努力”，故C 项正确。【 28 题详解

43、】考查副词词义辨析。句意：但2018 年的一项分析发现，虽然赞扬努力学习胜过能力可能会使经济条件差的学生受益，但不一定对每个人都有帮助。A. originally 最初； B. obviously 明显地；C. necessarily 必要地、必定地；D. regularly 有规律地。根据空前表示让步的while 可知，赞扬努力学习胜过能力不一定对每个人都有帮助，故C项正确。【 29 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一种可能的解释来自妮娜库马尔，她在去年的一篇研究论文中指出，对于生活在富裕高压社区的青少年来说，最大的问题不是缺乏动力和毅力。A. choice 选择； B. command 命

44、令；C. display 显示； D. lack 缺乏。根据空后的“of motivation and perseverance that is the big problem ”可知，对于富裕设区的青少年来说最大的问题不是缺乏动力和毅力，故D 项正确。【 30 题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，是一种不健康的完美主义，当对成就的强烈追求超过了极限时，他们很难在应该放弃的时候放手。A. instead 相反； B. Otherwise 否则； C. Therefore 因此； D. However 然而。空前说对于富裕设区的青少年来说最大的问题不是缺乏动力和毅力，此处指出真正的问题所在，用

45、 instead引出，故A项正确。31 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这会导致身体和精神上的压力。A. result from起因于；B. apply for 申请；C. associate with 与联系在一起；D. lead to 导致、引起。上文说最大的问题是不健康的完美主义，此处说的是它的危害，即：会导致身体和精神上的双重压力，故D项正确。【 32 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在 2007年的一项研究中，心理学家格雷戈里米勒发现，拒绝放弃不可能实 现的目标的少女体内 CRPK平升高，CRP一种蛋白质，可以作为与糖尿病、心脏病和其他疾病相关的全身炎症的标志。A. immoral

46、 不道德的；B. impersonal 客观的；C. impossible 不可能的；D. impolite 不礼貌的。上文说当对成就的强烈追求超过了极限时，不健康的完美主义让人们很难在应该放弃的时候放手，这说明它让人拒绝放弃不可能实现的目标，故 C项正确。【 33 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们遭受歧视和不平等的经历教会他们接受那些目前在很大程度上超出他们控制范围的改变。A. challenge 挑战； B. accept 接受； C. assess 评定； D. inquire 询问。根据空前的“ experience of discrimination （ 歧视 ） and ine

47、quality teaches them ”可知，他们遭受歧视和不平等的经历教会他们接受那些在很大程度上超出他们控制范围的改变，故B 项正确。【 34 题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这种文化教会了他们在别人面前的表现如何实际上比真正激励他们的东西更重要， 他们在哪里上大学比他们是什么样的人更重要。A. plainly 坦率地； B. probably 可能地； C. immediately立即； D. actually 实际上。根据空前的“we should all question a culture that has taught them thathow they perform fo

48、r others is more important than what ”可知，我们都应该质疑这样一种文化成功总是在他们掌控之中，这种文化教会了他们在别人面前的表现如何实际上比真正激励他们的东西更重要，故D 项正确。【 35 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们应该明智地提醒我们的孩子，生活总是在我们最不经意的时候让我们失望。A. exhibit 展览； B. expect 期望、预料；C. establish 建立； D. recognize 认出。根据空前的“lifehas a way of disappointing us when we least ”可知，我们应该提醒孩子生活总是在

49、我们最不经意的时候让我们失望，故B 项正确。【点睛】在完形填空的解题过程中，空前上下文出现的表示转折、因果、让步关系的词语往往是重要线索，例如本篇第8 空，根据空前的“while praising hard work over ability may benefit economicallydisadvantaged students ”可知， 赞扬努力学习胜过能力可能会使经济条件差的学生受益，特别是根据while表示让步关系可知，因此说的是虽然赞扬努力学习胜过能力可能会使经济条件差的学生受益，但不一定对每个人都有帮助，故C项(necessarily )正确。Section BDirectio

50、ns: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)David Miles, an Australia

51、n inventor has been accused of cheating desperate farmers by charging up to $50,000 Australian dollars for delivering rain on demand without so much as explaining the technology behind his business.On the official Miles Research website ， Miles explains that in the 1990 s he realized thatit was poss

52、ible to influence weather patterns by creating a bridge between the present anda near - future event in the physical space -time continuum. He found that by applying small amounts of energy intelligently, even a large, messy weather system approaching from the future could be eased.While somewhat fa

53、scinating, Miles explanation does little to explain how he is able to bring rainfall to the lands of farmers. He makes references to famous but debatable concepts like “ the butterflyeffect ” . “ Wewere advised against patenting because if basically exposing how it works,there will be a lot of big c

54、ompanies that invest in hunting out patents, ” Miles said “ I understand the doubts ， the only other way is to fully prove up our science and physics. If we did that,welllose it, it will be taken up as a national security interest and it ll then be weaponized. ”Miles claims raised suspicions for obv

55、ious reasons, including a since-deleted section ofhis company website, which claimed that his technology used“ electromagnetic scalar waves ”，which scientists say don t even exist.The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) has warned people against doing business with him, but the Aus

56、tralian inventor claims the ACCC is only trying to defame him and his company, as in reality they are success based -if it doesn t rain, they don t get paid.Consumers signed the agreement that if by the end of June they receive 100mm, they pay $50,000,we don t want toif they only receive 50mm, they

57、would only pay $25,000. Anything under half be paid, ” Miles said of a handful of Wimmera farmers who agreed to take him up on his offer to deliver rain.Believe it or not, one of the farmers who paid David Miles for his so-called rain-making capabilities told ABC Radio that he was quite happy with the results.36. David Miles claims to be capable of .A. i