中国学生在英文写作中最容易犯的典型错误2重点

1、中国学生在英文写作中最容易犯的典型错误G .把状语从句或短语单独成句，破坏了句子的完整性。(Some stude nts showtheir n atural in cli nati on to write in complete senten ces by pun ctuat ing some adverbial clauses or phrases into senten ces.【例1】“Is honesty out of date? ” Many people MyiaasWer is“n(Becausehonesty is not a single social phenomenon

2、 but rather, a kind of humanity rooted in our mind. ( x “Is honesty out of date? ” Many peopMymansask is“,nbecausehonesty is not a single social phenomenon but rather, a kind of humanity rooted in our mi nd. (V【例2】Traffic is very bad in this city. Particularly in its downtown area. ( xTraffic is ver

3、y bad in this city, particularly in its downtown area. (V【例3】And then there is no need worrying you?11 be lost in a new place if you have a cellph one . Especially, in some urge nt situatio ns ( xAnd the n there is no n eed worry ing you?11 be lost in a new place if you have a cellph one , especiall

4、y in some urge nt situati ons (VH . 不会使用 “ there b结构。(It is notun com mon that some stude nts are in capable of using there be structure in their writ ing.修正办法：应该十分明确：在 “ there b结构中，be后面的名词是句子的表 语，如果它后面再有动作，应设法用定语从句、分词短语、不定式短语、介词短语 来表示。【例1】There are some people think that money can make the world go

5、 round( XThere are some people who think that money can make the world go round (V【例2】At the meeting there are a lot of questions discuss ( xAt the meet ing there are a lot of questi ons to be discussed( VI .句式缺少变化，使人读起来兴味索然。(Lack of sentence structure variety insome students writing always dampens

6、the reader s spirits.修正办法：在写一段英文时，应尽量避免使用同一类句型。要长、短句相间，适当使用一些被动句和there be句型，有时也可使用一些问句或倒装句。【例1】True friendship is important to us. True friendship is a kind of humanrelation. But true friendship is not easy to come by True friendship is based on mutual un dersta nding，not on mutual ben efit. It mean

7、s that there are similar ideas betwee n the friends and that true friends should trust each other and helps each otheTrue friendship should be able to stand all sorts of tests ( xTrue friendship is important to us. Why we value true friendship very much lies in the fact that it can lead to a pleasa

8、nt mutual un dersta nding among frie nds and a sound huma n relatio nship. But true frie ndship is not easy to come by Only by shari ng joy and happ in ess as well as worries and hardships can we cultivate and develop itTruefriendship will be able to stand all sorts of test so long as friends can tr

9、ust and help each other . (V【例2】There is a modem library in this university. There are 20 reading rooms 10 video rooms and 5 multi-function halls in the library. There are about 8000000 books and magazines on the shelves there ( xThe uni versity boasts a moder n library which con sists of 20 readi n

10、g rooms 10 video rooms and 5 multi-function halls. There are about 8000000 books and magazines on the librarys shelves (VJ .列举例证时，常常把列举用语“ such as和”“ for example(instanee等独立成句，造成句法残缺不全。 (Such phrase as such as and for example (in sta nee usually used to cite examples are likely to appear as complete

11、 senten ces in some stude nts writ ing【例1】It is possible to combine Computer Science with other subjects For example physics . ( xIt is possible to combine Computer Science with other subject, for example physics. (V【例2】There is a similar word in many Ianguages For example in French and Italian ( x

12、There is a similar word in many Ianguages for example in French and Italian (VIn the English writing class, some basic skills are taught Such as how to keep to the subject, how to choose the correct words how to avoid “Ch ing,show”o make our sentences varied and so on ( xIn the English writing class

13、, some basic skills are taught such as how to keep to the subject , how to choose the correct words how to avoid“ Ch inglishow”o makeour sentences varied and so on. (V【例4】We should pay attention to several aspects in leanning English Such as grammar, idioms, phonetics, etc . ( xWe should pay attenti

14、on to several aspects in learning English such as grammar, idioms , phonetics , etc . (V【例5】The life scienee will make revolutionary progress, which can solve many problems . Such as curing some fatal diseasesprolonging human life, and to improve the quality of life . ( xThe life scienee will make r

15、evolutionary progress, which can have many problems solved , such as curing some fatal diseasesprolonging human life, and improving the quality of life . (VK .句子残缺破碎，严重影响意思的表达。(Some stude nts sen te nces are sobroken that their meanings may be every reader s guess.纠正办法：牢记英语句法的三条轴线，每做一个句子都要保证主一一谓一一宾”

16、主一一系一一表” “there b(句型中的主要语法要素基本到位。【例1】In my opinion, make our city pollution-free must do three things Many pollutions in our city . The pollutions will bad for peoples healthy. ( xOur city is seriously polluted, which is bad for peoples health In my opinion , we must do three things so as to make ou

17、r city pollution-free (V【例2】I will listen to the radio . One is relax, on the other hand is improve my English listening . ( xI will listen to some English programs on the radio. I do so to relax myself on the one hand, and on the other to try to improve my listening comprehension ability (V【例3】Coll

18、ege stude nts read some En glish passages aloud in the early morning is quite necessary . ( xIt is quite necessary for college students to read some English passages aloud in the early morning. (VIt is quite necessary that college students read some English passages aloud in the early morning . (V【例

19、4】English writing should be guided is very important. ( xIt is important that English writing be guided. (V【例5】Human beings keep ecological balanee is vital ( xIt is vital that human beings keep ecological balanee (V3.词语搭配错误(Mistakes in Dietion Colloeation英语比较讲究词语的搭配，中国学生英文写作中典型的搭配错误如下:(1 to lear n

20、kno wledge(xto aquire / attai n kno wledge(V(2 to teach kno wledge( xto impart kno wledge(V(3 to make aehieveme nts( xto score/ to record aehieveme nts(V(4 to give sb a deep impressi on (xto make a deep impressi on on sb( V(5 to be in depe ndent form sb (xto be in depe ndent of sb(V(6 to have diffic

21、ulties(trouble/1 o spend to do sth ( x to have difficulties/toubleto spend doing sth ( V(7 to improve people?s livi ng level (xto improve the livi ng sta ndards (Vto uplift the livi ng quality of the people (V(8 to hope sb to do sth (xto expect(wishsb to do sth (V(9 to survive in the car accide nt (

22、xto survive the car accide nt(V(10 to suit the needs of (xto meet the n eeds of(V/ldwhVh(11 the price of is expenjseexpensive(cheap(x the price of(12 is gocharmful to your body ( xis good/ h armful to you health ( V(13 to train on e?s body( xto do physical exercise have physical training(V(14 to get

23、 success( xto achieve succes( V(15 to say the truth( xto tell the truth(16 to say a lie( xto tell a lie( V(17 to receive an operati on(xto have( un dergoa n operati on( V ,(1 8 to con gratulate sb for his success (t o con gratulate sb on his success (19 to be accused about bribery(xto accused of bri

24、bery( V(20 to be convin ced about sth (xto be convin ced of sth( V(21 to build Chi na to a more powerful coun try(to turn(tra nsformChi na into a more powerful country(22 the traffic is crowded(xthe traffic is busy(heavy(V(23 to look forward to do sth(xto lood forward to (do ing sth(V(24 accordi ng

25、to sbs opinion(xin sbs opinion( accord ing to sb (V(25 welcome you to join us(xyou are welcome to join us(V(26 to serve for sb/ sth ( xto serve sb7 sth( V4中式英语（ChinglishA习惯于沿着汉语的句式结构一对一地译成英语，毫不顾及英语的组句特点。(Putt ing aside the grammatical rules of En glish sen ten ces, some stude nts ofte n find themsel

26、ves in the habit of writing something in English mechanically according to the tran slatio ns from their sentence patter ns of Chin ese.修正办法：在写英语句子的时候，一定要从英语组句的三个轴心结构中确定使 用其中的哪一个结构，然后正确确立主语、谓语等组句要素。【例1】We get up early in the morning to read En glish aloud is n ecessary (这个句子是汉语 我们早晨早起大声阅读英语是很必要的”一对一

27、的机械对译，严重违背了英语的句法。可修改为：It is n ecessary for us to get up early in the morning to read En glish aloud(It is n ecessary that we get up early in the morning to read En glish aloud(V【例2】Why cigarette smok ing is forbidde n in public place? Because smok ing is not only harmful to smokers themselves but al

28、so a threat to public health especially to woman and children. ( x此句也是按照汉语句子为什么公共场所禁止吸烟呢，因为吸烟不仅对于吸烟 者本人有害，而且还构成对公众健康的威胁，特别是妇女和儿童”一对一地翻译过来的，这样就很难保证英语句法的规范。根据英语句法的规律，上面的意思可以表 达为： Why should cigarette smok ing be forbidde n in public places? This is because smoking is not only harmful to smokers themse

29、lves but also is likely to be a threat to public health especially to the health of women and children Cigarette smoking should be banned because it is not only harmful to smokers themselves but also is likely to be a threat to public health especially to the health of wome n and childre n.B常常把“happ

30、en/occur/take plaqe appear, crop up等不及物动词误用作及物 动词，从而写出典型的 中式英语”句子。(Misuse of such intransitive verbs as happen, occur, take place, appear, crop up and so on as transitive verbs.修正办法：使用 “happen/occur/take placeappear， crop up 等不及物动词时， 应记住时间和地点不能做主语，而应该使用事件/变化/问题”等词语做主语。【例1】Zhuhai has taken place grea

31、t changes these year$ xGreat cha nges have take n place in Zhuhai these yeas (VZhuhai has see n (wit nessed great cha nges these years (VThere have been great changes in Zhuhai these ars ( V【例2】Police report that this tow n happe ned (occurred three car accide nts last week (Police report that three

32、 car accide nts happe ned (occurred in this tow n last week ( Police report that there were three car accidents in this town last week (【例3】Later will crop up more problems. ( xMore problems will crop up later. (VV【例4】Big cities first appeared this problem ( xThis problem first appeared in big citie

33、s (VC .用“ The reason why is because中式逻辑结构代替英文的“ Thereason(why is that结构。(Being blind to the fact that the sentence structure ofThe reas on why, is because, is typically Chi nglish, the correct En glish sentence structure being The reason (why,【例1】The reas on why advertiseme nts sometimes annoy peopl

34、e is because some of them give people false information。 ( xThe reas on why advertiseme nts sometimes annoy people is that some of them give people false information. (V【例2】Her reason for resigning was because she was under stress xHer reas on for resig ning was that she was un der stress( VD .如想表达

35、我以为不”的意思，英语惯用法要求“donot thi nk +thatclause(affirmative，而中式英语则把否定词放在 that clause之中。(Beingprone to error in writi ng Ch in glish sentence structures like I think she is not a good teacher . The English idiomatic expression is I dont think she is a good teacher.【例I】I think she is not a qualified teacher

36、 ( xI don?t think she is a qualified teacher (V【例2】Some people think flesh water will not be used up ( xSome people don?t think flesh water will be used up (VE .当想表达 随着”的意思时，误用“as名词”。(Misuse of as + noun.The correct form should be as + senten ce【例1】As economic growth, the cities infrastructural faci

37、lities have been improved alot. ( XAs economy grows/With economic growth, the cities infrastructural facilitieshave been improved a lot (V【例2】As the rapid development of industry , the problem of environment and ecologicalprotect ion will become more con spicuous tha n ever ( xWith /Alongside the ra

38、pid development of industry, the problem of environmentand ecological protection will become more conspicuous than ever (VAs industry develops rapidly, the problem of environment and ecologicalprotect ion will become more con spicuous tha n ever (VF .分词短语作状语时，其动词应与主句中的主语取得一致，中式英语往往忽略这一点。(Ig norance

39、of the agreeme nt betwee n the verb in the adverbial phrase and thesubject of the main clause【例1】Seeing from the top of the mountair, the tall buildings in the city look like toys. ( xSeeing from the top of the mountain, we can find that the tall buildings in the city look like toys. (VSeen from the

40、 top of the mountain the tall buildings in the city look like toys . (V【例2】Acting on the advice of his doctors, Mr. Black?s eye was operated right after he retired last week. ( xActing on the advice of his doctor, Mr. Black had his eye operated right after he retired last week. (V【例3】Approaching the

41、 dormitory building , laughter could be heard ( xApproaching the dormitory building , we could hear the laughter (VG 英语议论文在讨论问题、陈述理由、分析原因时多从客观的角度来叙述， 力避主观意断，很少使用诸如“ I thi nk ，”“ in my opi nion之类的句型。有时即便有主观因素，也设法把“I,” “we推到次要的信息部位。但不少中国学生则不注意 这一点，甚至整篇作文中多次使用“ I thi nk ，从而大大减弱了文章的色彩和说服力。（Quite a few C

42、hinese students tend to frequently use I think, in my opinion in their English compositions so that the color and convincing power of their writing are greatly decreased. Idiomatically, n ative speakers of En glish try to avoid subjectivity while discussing, stating or analysing in their writings.例 1】.I think one merit