初中定语从句总结用法大全

1、定语从句 走进中考 定语从句的难点在于学生分析不清楚先行词， 不能正确使用关系 代词和关系副词，不能正确理解定语从句中的一些特殊用法。 中考对 于定语从句的掌握要求如下： 1. 掌握关系代词的用法，特别是that， which ， who，whom ， whose作主语、表语和定语的用法。 2. 掌握关系副词when , where， why引导定语从句的用法； 3. 掌握“介词+关系代词”的用法，尤其是介词的选取和使用； 4. 掌握关系代词that和which的用法的异同； 5. 掌握表示地点或时间的名词充当先行词时，关系代词和关系副 词的选择问题。 思维导图 定语从句 宦语从句位置、 I念

2、及构成 兴系代词引导的定 1 语从句 兴系副词引导的定 1 语从句 I概念和位置 that引导 which引导 |whoi whom弓| 导 | whose引导 when引导 where引导 why引导 F用which不用tha IWisKWfflBBll 宦语从句中的主谓1 1意事项1 一致1 卡系代词和关系副 I词的区别 介词+关系代词 1. 定语从句的概念和位置 在句子中起定语作用的从句成为定语从句。定语从句在句子的作用相当于形容 词，故又称为形容词从句。（在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句） e.g.: Do you know the girl who is singing

3、 on the stage? This is the museum which was built last year. 2. 先行词和关系代词 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，指代先行词，放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作 用，同时又充当定语从句的某一个成分（主语、宾语、表语、状语等）； 关系代词 定语从句 关系词 that, who, whom, whose, which 关系副词 f whEi% whEre, why e.g.: The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my un cle.

4、先行词关系代词（在从句中做主语） The train which has just left is for She nzhe n. 先行词 关系代词（做主语） Let s find a place where we can have a picnic. 先行词关系副词（地点状语） 定语从句的构 He has a car. + =He has a car 关系代词二连接词+ 代词 成： The car has 7 seats. and it has 7 seats. =He has a car which has 7 seats. The hotel is very clea n. + We s

5、tayed here. =The hotel where we stayed was very clea n. We met a man. + The man directed us to the factory. =We met a man and he directed us to the factory. =We met a man who directed us to the factory. 3. 关系代词引导的定语从句 出题点：A指代人的关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语的用法; B指代物的关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语的用法。 关系代词在句子中起连接、替代的作用，在句子中充当一定的成分，

6、修饰前 面的先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词 that ，which，who whom whose, 主要用法如下表格： 先行词 主语 宾语 所有格 人 Who/that Whom/that Whose 事物、动词 Which/that Which/that Whose 人+动物 人+事物 that that 关系代词与普通代词的区别： 普通代词只起替代作用。 关系代词替代先行词，在定语从句中充当一定的成分，同时把先行词与定语 从句联系在一起，起连词的作用。 i. That引导的定语从句 That可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。作宾 语时可以省略。作介词宾语时，介词不可提到

7、 that之前，若介词提到前 面，指物用 which指人用whom e.g.: Views that are entirely new may also be hard to accept. We need a person that is right for the job. The picture (that) we are studying was drawn by a fifteen-year-old student. ii. Which引导的定语从句 Which 一般指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语。作宾语的关系代词 which 可以省略(放介词后除外)： e.g.: The rive

8、r which runs through the center of the city was polluted seriously. The story (which) he told was very popular. The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop. iii. Who whom引导的定语从句 二者都用于指人。Who在定语从句中作主语、宾语；whom在定语从句中 作宾语。作宾语的关系代词 who, whom可以省略(介词后作宾语的关系 代词除外) e.g.: -We are proud of Mo Yan.

9、-Yes. He is a great writer who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2012. e.g.: Her sister married a man (who/whom) she met on a plane. 注意：先行词为 one, ones, anyone或 those时，定语从句中的关系 代词用who e.g.: God helps those who help themselves!助者天助之。 重点提醒：whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提到whom前 面时，不能用 who代替：e.g.: The personto

10、who you just talked is Deep错误） 应该为to whom 或者可以这样表达：The personwho/whom you just talked to is Deep.（正 确） 在现代英语中，定语从句中作宾语的关系代词whom可以用who代替， 但who不用于介词之后。在非限定性定语从句中，whom不可用who代替。 iv. Whose引导的定语从句 Whose可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语。 e.g.: Do you knowthe girl whoseJapanese is excellent? I d like room whosewindow loo

11、ks out over the sea. 重点提升：有时“ whose+名词”可用“限定词+名词+of which/whom ” 或者“ of which/whom+限定词+名词”来替代。 e.g.: He lives in a house whose windows face south. =He lives in a house whose windows face south. =He lives in a house the windows of which face south. 另：whose+名词引导定语从句时，名词前不能再接限定词，只有转换为“限定 词+名词+of which/

12、whom ”或“ of which/whom+限定词+名词”时，名词前面可 以有限定词。 4. 关系副词引导的定语从句 出题点 :关系副词 when, where，why的用法 关系副词在定语从句中充当状语，一般不可省略。常用的关系副词有when， where，why等。选择哪一个关系副词要看其前面的先行词。 关系副词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 Where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 When 表示时间的名词 时间状语 Why Reason 原因状语 e.g. I remember the day. + We first met then. =I remember the day when w

13、e first met. 关系副词作时间状语，相当于 on which （1）when引导定语从句 when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常为 time， day，week等表示时间的名词。此时时常可用 on which, in which, during which 等替代。 e.g.: April the first is the day when people make fun of others. I still remember the time when I first travelled by plane. 注意：当表示时间的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，关系代

14、词不能用 when。 (2) where引导的定语从句 where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。它的先行词常为 place, house country等表示地点的名词。此时常可以用in which,at which等替代。 e.g.: Last year my parents went tdhe farm where they worked 30years ago. 先行词关系副词作地点状语，相当于in which Keep the books ina placewhere you can find them easily. 先行词 关系副词作地点状语，相当于 at which (3) why

15、引导的定语从句 why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，它的先行词通常为reason, 此时常可以用for which来代替。 e.g.: I know the reasonwhy she left you. 先行词关系副词作原因状语 Please tell methe reasonwhy she is crying so badly. 注意：先行词是the reason,关系副词why在定语从句中充当原因状语。但 是当先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，关系代词不能用why，要用that或 which引导。 5. 定语从句中的注意事项 出题点：A.只用that不用which的情况 B. 只用wh

16、ich不用that的情况 C. 定语从句中的主谓一致 D. “介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选择 (1) 只用that不用which的情况； A. 先行词时不定代词或者被不定代词修饰时 先行词是 anything, everything, nothing, few, all, none, little, some等, 或者由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等不定代词修饰时，关系代词 用 that 不用 which。 e.g.: Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said? Any

17、man that doesn t have a sense of duty can t do the thing well. B. 先行词时序数词或者形容词最高级或者被其修饰时 e.g.: The first thi ng that my brother is going to do this after noon is to study physics. I have found the best waythat could finish the test. C. 先行词既有指人的名词又有指物的名词时 e.g.: He was watchingthe children and parcels

18、that filled with the car. Jack took photographs ofthe things and peoplethat he was in terested in. D. 当主句是以who或者which开头的特殊疑问句时 e.g.: Who is the pers on that is sta nding at the gate? Which is the bike that you lost? E. 先行词前有the only, the very等修饰时 e.g.: This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.

19、 After the fire, the old car was the only thing that he owned. 当主语是以here , there开头且先行词是指物的名词时，用that而 不用which引导 e.g. : Here is the book that you are looking for. 口诀记忆： 只用 that 的情况：the only ， the very ，the same，no, any 先行 词即有人又有物，高级，不定和序数。 （2）只用which不用that的情况 A. 关系代词前有介词且指物时 e.g.: I m looking for a co

20、ntainer which I can put all these peaches. A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition. B. 先行词本身就是that时 e.g.: I don t likeatwhich he did. What is that which is on the ground? C. 引导非限定性定语从句时 非限定性定语从句的关系代词或关系副词与先行词之间常用逗号隔开。 e.g.: Football, which is a very in terest ing game,

21、 is played all over the world. Their house was washed away by the floods, which made them sad. 另：限定性定语从句即我们初中阶段所学的定语从句，定语从句和先行词之间 的关系密切，不用逗号隔开，说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等，不能去掉。 非限定性定语从句主要起补充说明的作用，往往用逗号与先行词隔开，去掉 后不影响主句的意义。 （3）定语从句中的主谓一致 这里指关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式 要与先行词一致的问题。先行词时单数时，从句的谓语动词用单数；先行词是复 数时，从句的

22、谓语动词用复数。 e.g.: The man who is playi ng football is my PE teacher. I love sin gers who write their own music. 要点提升: “One of +复数可数名词”充当先行词时，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式； “ the onl y/very/right o ne of +复数可数名词”充当先行词时，定语从句的谓语动 词用单数形式。 e.g.: Tom is one of the stude nts who were awarded. Tom is the on ly one of the stu

23、de nts who was awarded. （4）“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选择 A.根据定语从句中的谓语动词判断 一般定语从句的谓语动词如果是及物动词，后面没有宾语时就用关系代词；如果 是不及物动词就用关系副词。 e.g.: This is the factory that/which I visited last year. This is the factory where I used to work. 小贴士 ：定语从句中究竟用关系代词还是用关系副词，把握好一个原则：弄清 楚它在从句中充当什么成分，充当状语，即用关系副词，反之则用关系代词。 B.根据定语从句中所缺少的成分判断

24、 分析定语从句缺失何种成分(主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语)，如果缺少主语、 宾语、表语、定语用关系代词；缺少状语用关系副词。 e.g.: Is this the museum(that/which) you visited a few days ago? Visited后面缺少宾语 Is this the museumwhere the exhibiti on was held? Was held后面缺少地点状语 (5) “介词+关系代词”的用法 有时定语从句中的介词可以提到关系代词之前，形成“介词+关系代词”结 构，该结构中个关系代词可用 which，whose, whose, whom，不可以用that和 who。该