宾语从句与表语从句.

1、】0远程戳育购CmAEDU.COM 课程信息年级冋学科英语版本人教实验版内容标题必修 3 Unit3 The Millio n Pou nd Ba nk Note 宾语从句与表语从句编稿老师林静【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：名词性从句 宾语从句与表语从句二. 知识精讲在复合句中起名词性作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，根据它在句中不同的语法功能，因此名词从句又分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。(一)宾语从句1概念及引导词在复合句中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的连接词有 连接代词(Who,wh

2、om, whose , what , which, whoever , whatever, whichever ) 、连接畐U词 (when , where , how, why )及从属连词(that , whether, if ).例: John said (that) he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你对工作满意我感到很高兴。She will name him whatever she wants to.她高兴给他起什么名字

3、就起什么名字。That depe nds on where we shall go.那取决于我们去哪儿。2. 宾语从句的种类常见的宾语从句 有动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句三种。(1) 动词的宾语从句They know that the habit may kill them. 定语从句他们知道这个习惯会害死他们。They doubt whether or not Jack is a good stude nt.他们怀疑Jack是否是一个好学生。They wan ted to see which shops offered the best advice and servic

4、e 定语从句.他们想了解哪家店提出的建议和提供的服务最好。(2) 介词的宾语从句一般情况下介词后只能接wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句，但 but, except, besides等后可接that引导的宾语从句。We are talking about what we l do next.我们正在讨论下一步做什么。I know nothing about him except that he lives here.对于他，我只知道他住在这儿，其他一无所知。He differs from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to read

5、ing.他和他的同学们不同的地方在于他把业余时间用在读书上了。（3）形容词的宾语从句sure, certain , pleased , happy , afraid , surprised, sorry 等表示情感的形容词后可接宾语从 句。Im not sure whether they will agree to such a plan .我不确定他们是否同意这样一个计划。I m afraid that you have bee n give n the wrong address.恐怕给你的地址不对。3. 宾语从句应注意的问题。（1）宾语从句中 whether和if可互换，但作介词宾语或句

6、中有or no时，用whether.I am not sure whether /if he will come.=I am not sure whether he will come or not .我拿不准他是否会来这儿。It depends on whether you can do the work wel l.这取决于你能否把工作做好。（2）it作形式宾语在宾语从句中，it通常作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放到句末。这种用法通常有两种情况： find, consider, think, feel , believe , make等动词后有宾语补足语 时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语

7、后置。I have made it clear that I will not accept the job.我已表明我不会接受这份工作。He feels it his duty that he should serve the people heart and soul.他觉得全心全意为人民服务是他的职责。 有些动词或短语女口 enjoy, love , like , hate, appreciate , take , see to , in sist on , depe nd /rely on等接宾语从句时，习惯上在从句前加形式宾语it。You may depend on it（形式宾语）

8、that I shall always help you.你可以信赖的是我会一直帮助你。I would appreciate it if you could give me a hand.如果你能帮我一把，我会很感激（你的）。I hate it whe n people ask me for mon ey.我不喜欢别人向我借钱。（3）否定前置在由 I / We think （consider, suppose（猜想）,believe , expect , guess, imagine）等弓丨导的从句 里，如果含有否定含义，往往把否定词由从句转移到主句，构成否定前置。I don 否定前置 ）th

9、ink he can finish the work on time.我认为他无法按时完成工作。I don suppose he cares, does he?我想他不在意，是吗？（4）宾语从句的语序宾语从句中的语序要用陈述语序。They couldn tunderstand why I turned down his invitation .www. chinaedu ,c om第3页版权所有不得复制觀他们不理解我为什么拒绝了他的邀请。He asked what was the matter with my computer.他问我电脑出什么故障了。（5）宾语从句的时态如果主句中的谓语动词是

10、现在时态，从句中的谓语动词不受主句谓语动词时态的影响， 可以根据需要使用任何时态。如果主句的时态是过去时态，从句一般应与主句的时态保持一 致，但从句表示的是真理或客观事实时，从句的时态要用一般现在时态。He says he is going to swim with his friend tomorrow.他说他打算明天和朋友去游泳。The teacher asked the stude nts what they were doing.老师问学生们在干什么。Our teacher told us that light travels faster tha n sound.老师告诉我们光比声音

11、传播得快。（6）宾语从句中that的省略在that引导的宾语从句中，that无任何意义，不充当任何成分，常省略。Make sure that all the lights are turned off before you leave.你走前务必关掉所有的灯。但在下列情况中that一般不省略： 动词后有两个或两个以上由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其余的that一般都不能省略。I believe that you have done your best and that thi ngs will improve.我相信你已经尽力了，一切都会好起来的。 主句的谓语和that之间

12、有插入语时，that不能省略。He announ ced, believe it or not, that he would n ever forgive her.他宣布，信不信由你，他绝不会原谅她。 作介词的宾语时，that不可省略。Your composition is well written except that there are a few spelling mistakes.你的作文写得不错，只是有几处拼写错误。 it作形式宾语，宾语补足语之后有that引导的宾语从句时，that不可省略。We think it highly probable that he is dead.我

13、们认为他很有可能死了。（7） 在动词in sist，suggest, dema nd,order， propose等后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，其结构为（should）+动词原形。He suggested the meeti ng be put off.#他建议会议延期。I dema nd that one of you should go there at once.我要求你们中有一人立即到那里去。即学即用:1. We are won deri ngour teacher will come to the party or n ot.A . ifB . thatC. whyD . whethe

14、r2. Do you rememberhe came?Yes, I do. He came by car.】0】远程戳育网CHt4AHXJ.COMA. howB. whe nC. thatD. if3. He saidhe had eate n nothing for a long time andhe was very hun gry.A. that ; /B. / ; thatC. / ; /D. what ; what4. We can not figure outquite a nu mber of in sects, birds, and ani mals are dying out

15、.A. thatB. asC. whyD. whe n5. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circli ng the earth, our astr on auts desire to do is walk ingin space.A. whereB. whatC. thatD. how6. The way he did it was differe ntA. i n whichB. i n whatwe were used to.C. from whatD. from which7. The poor young man is ready to accepthe

16、lp he can get.A. whicheverB. howeverC. whateverD. whe never8. As soon as he comes back , I will tell him whe nand see him.A. you will come B. will you come9. We have nsettled the questi on of _C. you comeD. do you comeit is n ecessary for him to study abroad.A. ifB. whetherC. whereD. that10. The sol

17、diers soon reachedwasonce an old templethe villagers used as awww. chinaedu ,c om第9页版权所有不得复制school.A. where; whatB. what ; whichC. where ; which D. that ; where11. Mother asked meA . what was wrong with meC. what wrong was with me12. He madeA. thisB. whats wrong with me D. what wrong is with me quit

18、e clear that he wouldn tchange his mind.B . thatC . itD . what（二）表语从句1. 概念与引导词在复合句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。表语从句位于主句中的系动词后。引导表语从句的连接词有： that, whether, as, as if/though, who, whom, whose , which, whoever, whichever, where, whe n, howThe problem is that smokers cannot go without smok ing.问题是抽烟的人不抽烟就会感到难受。The quest

19、ion is how we can do the job better.问题是我们怎样才能将这项工作做得更好。What he wants to know is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow morning.他想知道的是我们明天上午能否完成工作。2. 表语从句中需要注意的问题（1）在表语从句中that仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不能省略。The trouble is that we are short of funds. 困难是我们资金短缺。The fact is that he has not bee n see n r

20、ecen tly. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。團(2)引导表语从句时，whether不能用if替换。The problem is whether the book will be published.问题是这本书是否会出版。3. 从属连词 as if / though ; because引导的表语从句从属连词as if / though引导的表语从句常置于 look， seem, sou nd等系动词后面，常 用虚拟语气， 也可用陈述语气。而because引导的表语从句通常只用于 This / That / It is / was because 结构中。It seemed as if the

21、 rain would n ever stop.看起来雨要下个没完了。The little boy talked as if he were an adult.这个小男孩讲起话来像个大人似的。I thi nk it is because he was too careless.我想这是因为他太粗心了。+a ”n-._；!4. 主语是表示建议、计划、要求、命令 (suggestion, advice, order, request, proposal , plan , idea)等的名词时，其后的表语从句应该用虚拟语气，即/ should+动词原形，should可省 略。My suggesti

22、on is that we should start off at once.我的建议是我们应当立刻动身。My proposal is that we should think it over before accept ing it.我的提议是在接受之前我们应当仔细考虑。5. 在That s why句型中，why引导的是表语从句，而在The reason why is/was th句型中，why引导的是定语从句，that引导的是表语从句，表示 原因是”.That why I want you to work there.那就是我为什么想让你去那儿工作的原因。The reas on why I

23、 was late for the meeti ng was that my car broke dow n on the way.我(昨天)开会迟到的原因是我的车在路上抛锚了。即学即用：1. The reasonhe didn tcome to our party washe took a missing boy backhome on his way.A. why because B. whythatC. that why D. that that2. You are say ing that every one should be equal, and thatsI disagree.A

24、. whereB. whyC. whatD. how3. The trouble iswe are short of tools.A. whatB. thatC. howD. why4. I had n either a rain coat nor an umbrella.I got wet through.A. It the reas onB. That whyC. There whyD. Its how5. What the doctors really doubt ismy mother will recover from the serious diseasesoon.A. whe n

25、B. howC. whetherD. why6. What surprises us most isshe does n teve n knowthe differe nee betwee n thetwo opinions lies.A. what; whereB. what; what C. that ; whereD. that ; what7. I rang you at about nine, but there was no reply.Oh, that was probablyI was see ing the doctor.A. whyB. whe nC. whatD. tha

26、t8. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is thatyou had a few days off ?A. whyB. whe nC. whatD. where9. I felt sick!I think it isyou are doing too much.A. whyB. whe nC. whatD. because10. your father wants to know isgett ing on with your studies.A. What; how are youB. That; how you areC. How

27、; that you areD. What; how you are1 .12. America waswas first calledIndia ” by Columbus.A. whatB. whereC. the placeD. there where【典型例题】y: i1. A good friend of mine fromI was born showed up at my home right before I leftfor Beijing .A. howB. whomC. whereD. which2. At first he hated the new job but de

28、cided to give himself a few mon ths to seeit got anybetter.- - . A. whe nB. howC. whyD. if3. Many young people in the West are expected to leavecould be life most importa ntdecisi on marriage almost en tirely up to luck.A. asB. thatC. whichD. what4. Could I speak to is in charge of International Sal

29、es please?A. whoB. whatC. whoeverD. whatever5. The little girl who got lost decided to rema inshe was and wait for her mother.A. whereB. whatC. howD. who6. As a new diplomat, he often thinks of he can react more appropriately on suchoccasi ons.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. how7. I wonderyou water this ki

30、nd of flower.Every other day.A. how oftenB. how longC. how soonD. how much8. As his best friend , I can make accurate guesses abouthe will do or think.A. whatB. whichC. whomD. that9. Some childre n want to challe nge themselves by lear ning a Ian guage differe nt fromtheir pare nts speak at home.A.

31、whatB. thatC. whichD. one10. The compa nies are work ing together to createthey hope will be the best means ofsttran sport in the 21 cen tury.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. who11. The last time we had great fun waswe were visit ing the Water Park.A. whereB. howC. whe nD. why12. The how To book can be of h

32、elp to wants to do the job.A. whoB. whomeverC. no matter whoD. whoever预习导学 -Un it 4 Astr onomy : the scie nee of the stars 重点单词system n.系统；体系；制度religion n.宗教；宗教信仰theory n.学说； 理论globe n.球体；地球仪；地球viole nt adj.猛烈的，激烈的atmosphere n.大气层；气氛unlike prep.不同； 不像fun dame ntal adj.基本的；基础的harmful adj.有害的，伤害的chain

33、 n.链子；连锁；锁链oxygen n.氧exist vi.存在；生存thus adv.因此；于是puzzle n.谜；难题vi.& vt.（使）迷惑； （使）为难biology n.生物学biologist n.生物学家gentle adj.温和的； 文雅的physicist n.物理学家i1-.匸：4climate n.气候crash vi. & vt.碰撞；坠落pull n. & vt.拉；拖；牵引力float vi. & vt.（使）浮动； （使）漂浮n.漂浮物重点短语in time及时；最终；迟早in ones turn 轮到某人；接着prevent.from使不做某事；阻止做某事c

34、heer up 感到高兴，感到振奋now that 既然，由于depe nd on 依赖，依靠break out （灾难、战争等）突发；爆发watch out密切注视；当心；提防www. chinaedu ,c om第12页版权所有不得复制】0远程数育网CmAHXJ.COM 團重（难）点句型1. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion yeas ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so viole nt t

35、hat it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.句型结构分析。2. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce the water vapor, carb on dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which were to make the earth atmosphere. be + to do 结构3. This produced a cha in react ion , which

36、 made it possible for life to develop. it作形式宾语。4. But when I tried to step forward I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.倍数表达法V： .：【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）一.单项选择*1. You can only be sure of you have at present; you cannot be sure of somethingyou might get in the future .A . that;

37、whatB. what;/C. which ; thatD ./;that2. When the man was trying to break into thebank , he was caught by the police.A. in a spotB.on the spotC. off the spotD. to the spot3. On the top of the mountain, you can get a wonderfulof the nearby hills.A. viewB.sightC. lookD. sig n*4.if you passed the exam y

38、ou would receive a reward was telli ng lies.A. Whoever told you thatB. Those who told you thatC. No matter who told youD. Whoever told you5. Used to TV shows, where everythi ng is quick and en terta ining, many people do not have the to read a book that requires thinking .A. courageB. wisdomC. patie

39、 neeD. freedom6. Why not try your luck dow ntow n , Bob? That the best jobs are.A. whereB. whatC.whe nD. why7. Most importa ntly, pare nts should choose correct ways totheir childre n.A. bring upB. bringdow nC. bring inD. bring out8. It is a specially protected area. People are notto cut dow n trees

40、 and hunt ani mals.A. permittedB. allowingC.advisedD. permitti ng9. How do youyour longabse nee from classes without ask ing for leave? I have nothing to say.A. acco untB. acco unt for C. countD. count for10. It does n seem ugly to me ., I thi nk it is rather beautiful.A. On the con traryB. On a con

41、 traryC. On one con traryD. On con trary11. It is veryof her to leave without telli ng us.A. politeB. politelyC. rudeD. rudely12. Older people maytheir own friends rather tha n become too emoti on ally depe ndent ontheir childre n.A. seekB. screamC. bowD. spot13. It isthat the same eve nt repeated i

42、tself years later in the same place.A. un ableB. un believableC. in depe ndentD. impressive*14. I n the earthquake, pare nts are willi ng to dothey couldtheir childre n.A. whatever, saveB. whatever, to saveC. what , savi ngD. what , to save15. When you an swer questi ons in a job in terview , please

43、 remember the golde n rule: Always give the mon key exactlyhe wan ts.A. whatB. whichC. whe nD. that二完形填空*n-. ：I used to find no tes left in the collect ion basket of the church, beautiful no tes about my homilies （讲道）and about the writer thoughts on the daily readings. The 16 fascinated（吸弓丨） me. But

44、 it was a long time 17 I met the author of the no tes.One Sun day mornin g, I was 18_ that some one was wait ing for me in the office, a young/woma n who said she 19 all the no tes. When I saw her I was 20, since I had no idea that itwas she who wrote the no tes. She was sitti ng in a chair in the o

45、ffice. Her 21 was bowed and when she raised it to look at me, she could barely 22 without pain. Her face was disfigured（ 畸 形）,so smili ng was very 23 for her.We 24 for a while that Sun day morni ng and agreed to meet for lunch later that week.-:- . 、 : . .1 As it 25, we went to lunch several times,

46、and we shared things about our_ 26. Wespoke of authors we were both 27 ,and it was easy to tell that 28 are a great love of hers.She suffered from a disfigurement that cannot be made to look 29. I know that hercon diti on _ 30 her deeply. Yet there was a beauty to her that had nothing to do with her

47、 31 . She was one to be listened to, whose words came from a wounded 32 loving heart. She possessed a fine tuned sense of beauty. Her only 33 in life was the loss of a friend.The truth of her life was a desire to see bey ond the 34 for a glimpse of what it is that matters. She found beauty and grace

48、 35 befrie nded her, and showed her what is real.16. A. questi onsB.B.ideas afterC. no tesC. whe nD. basketD. before17. A.si nce18. A.toldB.warmedC. suggestedD.showed19. A.lostB.leftC. droppedD.collected20. A.shockedB.satisfiedC. frighte nedD. disappo in ted21. A.handB.armC. headD.n eck22. A.sta ndB

49、.smileC.speakD.sit23. A. pleasa ntB.bitterC. uglyD.difficult24. A.chattedB.discussedC. drankD. greeted25. A.turned outB.turned upC. came outD.came up26. A.familiesB.beliefsC. hobbiesD lives27. A. popular withB.fond ofC. familiar toD.concerned in28. A.frie ndsB.churchesC. writi ngsD.bookswww. chinaed

50、u ,c om第15页版权所有不得复制29. A. frien dlyB.happyC. attractiveD.usual30. A. hurtB. impressedC. changedD.defeated31. A. fameB. wealthC. i nterestD.appeara nee32. A. andB. orC. butD.also33. A. fearB. won derC. defeatD.an ger34. A. dreamB. surfaceC. imag in ati onD.time35. A. itB. theyC. whichD.what阅读理解AMany

51、of the customs that are popular at weddi ngs today date back to hun dreds of years ago. Most of us don tknow the reasons any more but people today follow them because they are good fun.Today the bride （新娘）carries flowers but long ago she carried strong-smelling grass. This was to frighten away the e

52、vil spirits and to cover the smell of people who do not wash often. People also used to believe that the bride brought good luck, so they would try to get someth ing from her. Today, the bride will offer the guests some good luck by throwing the flowers to them after the wedding. It is said that if

53、you catch the flowers, you will be the next one to get married. Of course, many of the single girls at a wedding try to catch the flowers.In early times, the bridesmaids （伴娘）and the bride all wore similar dresses. This was to con fuse the evil spirits. Now bridesmaids still wear similar dresses but

54、the bride wears a differe nt dress that is often white. Many brides wear veils （ 面纱）over their faces. This comes from a time whe n the young couple was not allowed to see each other before the weddi ng. The families wereI.Iafraid that the groom might not like the bride. So he was only allowed to lif

55、t her veil just before the weddi ng. By this time it was too late to refuse to marry her.Brides often wear something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue ”.ln earlier times, if the bride did n do this, she felt she would be in dan ger from the evil spirits.； -”. x i1. a：.-、Wearing something old ” represents the journey between being single and being married. Someth