名词性从句讲解及专项练习习题及其解答

1、名词性从句讲解在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从 句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化。分析历届高考试题名 词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题 2. 考查引导词 that 与 what 的区别3. 考查 it 在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法 4. 考查 whether 与 if 的区别5. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词 +ever 引导的名词性从句与 no matter+ 疑问词引导的状语从句的区别6. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题 语法要点剖析

2、一、名词性从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句 通称为名词性从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词： that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分) 连接代词： what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词： when, where, how, why1. 主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。 主语从句通常由从属连词 that ，whether ，if 和连接代词 what ，who ，which ，whatever， whoever 以及连接

3、副词 how，when，where，why 等词引导。 that 在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词 在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如： What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。It is known to us how he became a writer.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。有时为避免句子头重脚轻，

4、常用形式主语 it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从2) It + be + 形容词 + that 从句4) It + 不及物动词 + that 从句 理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气(should) +do ”，句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：(1) It + be + 名词 + that 从句(3) It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that 从句 另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is a p

5、ity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that 2. 宾语从句 名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中 可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1. 由连接词 that 引导的宾语从句由连接词 that 引导宾语从句时， that 在句中不担任任何成分， 在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去， 但如从句是并列 句时 ,第二个分句前的 that 不可省。例如：He has told me that he

6、will go to Shanghai tomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。注意： 在 demand、 order、 suggest、 decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command 等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等 意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“ (should)+ 动词原形”。例如：I insist that she (s

7、hould) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。2. 用 who ，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever 等关联词引导的宾语从句 相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如： I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。She always think

8、s of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。3. 用 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外， whether 与 if 在作 “是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用 whether ，不用 if ：a. 引导主语从句并在句首时； b. 引导表语从句时； c . 引导从句作介词宾语时； d. 从句后有“ or not ”时； e. 后接动 词不定式时。例如： Wh

9、ether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用 不同时态。例如： he studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时）he studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时）I know （that） he will study

10、English next year. （从句用一般将来时）he has studied English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时）当主句动词是过去时态（ could, would 除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将 来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如： The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 5. think, believe, imagine, suppose 等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句 中

11、的否定形式移到主句中。例如：We don t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。I don t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。3. 表语从句 在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系 动词后，有时用 as if 引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that 从句。例如：The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。That is why he didn t come to the meeting.那就是他为什么

12、不到会的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，当主语是 reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning4. 同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that 引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information 、message、news、order、

13、problem 、promise、question、request、suggestion、 truth、wish、word 等。例如：The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。 同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that 作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作

14、宾语时可以省略；that 引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句 :I had no idea that you were here（that 引导同位语从句，不能省略）Have you got the idea （ that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece ？ （ that 引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）名词性从句专项练习 100 题1. His success was because of he had been working hard.C. the fact thatI

15、 dont know D. the factB. from what city she comeA. thatB. the fact which2. “ Is Mary from New York CityA. from what city does she come from10C. what city does she come fromD. what city she comes from3. makes mistakes must correct them.A. WhatB. ThatC. WhoeverD. Whatever4. The reason why I didnt go t

16、o Shanghai was a new job.A. because I got B. because of gettingC. I gotD. that I got5. It worried her a bit her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for6. Henry killed the dog. Ill ask him why .D. he has done soA. did he do thatB. he did thatC. he did7. Have you seen Henry lately My boss

17、wants to know B. how is he getting along D. what is he getting along he or she wants.A. how he is getting alongC. what he is getting along8. It is generally considered unwise to give a childC. whicheverD. wheneverB. what wrong wasD. what trouble it isC. of thatD. that whatC. has not knownD. have not

18、 beeB. did the watch costD. the watch costsC. afraid thatD. afraid forA. however B. whatever9. He asked me with me.A. what is the troubleC. what was the matter10. I am sure he said is true.A. that B. about that11. When and why he came here yet.A. is not knownB. are not known12. I wonder how much .A.

19、 does the watch costC. the watch costed13. Mary is someone might recognize her.A. afraid of B. afraid about14. is no reason for dismissing her.B. Owing to a few minutes lateD. Being a few minutes lateA. Because she was a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was a few minutes late15. They came to the

20、 conclusion by a computer.A. that not all things can be doneB. because of not all things be doneC. being not all things can be doneD. because not all things can be done16. Why the explosion occurred was the laboratory attendant had been careless.A. for B. because C. since D. that17. I dont doubt hel

21、l come.A. that B. if C. what D. whether18. “ Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr. Wang”“ Well, I forget I was supposed to go to.”A. which the roomB. which roomC. what was the room D. what room was it19. Output is now six times it was before liberation.A. that B. which C. what D. of which20. Mary :

22、 Helen is a mere washer woman, yet shes now buying a big house.Carol : Yes. Because shes always saved .A. what little she earns B. how little she earns6.37.38.C. for little she earnsD. with little she earns surprised me most was such a little boy of seve

23、n could play the violin so well.A. That what B. What thatC. That which D. What whichWe gave him help we could.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. thisShe is pleased with what you have given him and you have told him.A. thatB. whichC. all whatD. all thatExcuse me would you please tell me _ A. when the sports me

24、et is taken place C. when is the sports meet to beginDo you happen to know A. what size shoes he wearsC. what is the size of his shoesB. when is the sports meet going to be heldD. when the sports meet is to take placeB. how big shoes he wearsD. what number shoes are hisThis book will show you can be

25、 used in other contexts.A. how you have observedB. how what you have observedC. that you have observedD. how that you have observedWhere do you think A. has he gone B. has he beenC. hes goneD. was heDo you know A. how many populations there are in the worldB. how much population there is in the worl

26、dC. how many the population of the world isD. what the population of the world isWould you go and see outsideA. what to take placeC. what is happeningB. what Tom has happened D. what the matter had beenThe subject of What is interesting is that I do not even know him. isA. whatB. interesting I think

27、 he is Charles.A. Who do you think he isC. Whom do you think he isHe didnt know which room C. What is interesting D. IB. Do you think who he isD. Do you think who he isA. they livedB. they lived inC. did they liveD. did they live inThe little boy ate his mother gave him.A. thatB. whichC. whateverD.

28、no matter whatThe city is no longer .A. what it isB. that it used to be C. which it wasMy parents used they had to get a new car for me.A. whichB.thatC.what we go swimming every day us a lot of good.A. If doB.That doC.If doeswas the idea the wife thoughtofA. What thatB. That whatC.How whyD. what it

29、used to beD. all whatD. That doesD. Why howdid he tell his wife he wished to do7.A. That what B. What thatC. Where whichD. Which whereOne of the men held the view the book said was right.A. what thatB. that whatC. that whichD. which thatI have n

30、o ideaor not he has finished the work.A. ifB. that“ Do you know “ His father is a doctor. A. what is his father C. what his father isC. whetherD. whichB. who is his fatherD. who his father isIs this we met each other two years agoA. placeB. place in whichC. whereIt Bob drives badly.A. thinks thatB.

31、is thought whatC. thought thatD. place whichD. is thought thatWe all know the truth there are air, water and sunlight there are living things.A. whereB. whereverC. thatD. that whereverThey discussed they could settle the problem without others help.A. ifB. thatShe asked .A. what I was doing when she

32、 rang me upC. when she rang me up what I was doing May I borrow the ring You can take you like.A. no matter what B. whichHe said that he was fond of .A. what beautiful isC. beautiful is whatC. whatD. whetherB. what was I doing when she rang me upD. when did she ring me up what I was doingC. whicheve

33、rD. thatB. what is beautifulD. what it is beautifulHe insisted that he in good health and to work there.A. was, be sentB. is, is sentC. be, was sentD. be, sendDo you know he expects will give us a talkA. whoB. whomC. thatD. whoseIts uncertain the experiment is worth doing.A. ifB. thatC. whetherD. ho

34、wThey would have fixed the telephone yesterday it was a holiday.A. exceptB. except forC. except thatD. but for is to do good all ones life and never do anything bad.A. Whichever is hardB. No matter what is hardC. What is hardD. All what is hardthe boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.A. Tha

35、tB. WhatC. HowD. WhichAs the day was fine, I made the suggestion for a walk in the park.A. we goB. we will goC. should we goD. that we go we cant get seems better than we have.A. What, whatB. What, thatC. That, thatD. That, whatyou dont like him is none of my business.A. What B. Who C. That D. Wheth

36、er58. You cant imagine when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited59. well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where60. he really means is he disagrees with us.A

37、. What that B. That what C. Why thatD. If what61. is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A. ThatB. WhyC. HowD.Who62. well finish translating the book depends on the time.A. WhenB. WhyC. WhatD.That63. the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrows meeting.A. IfB. WhereC

38、. ThatD.What64. he wont go there is clear to all of us.A. HowB. WhatC. WhyD.This65. you come or not is up to you.A. WhatB. IfC. WhyD.Whether66.makes mistakes must correct them.A. WhoB. AnyoneC. WhoeverD. Anybody67. team will win the match is a matter of public concern.A. WhichB. ThatC. IfD.How68.Thr

39、ee days later, word came our country had sent up another man-made satellite.A. whichB. whenC. thatD.where69.The problem iswill go to the meetingA. whyB. whenC. whatD.who70.It looks _ it were going to rain.A. even ifB. as ifC. even thoughD.like71.That is _ he likes the place so much.A. thatB. whatC.

40、whyD.how72.That is Lu Xun once lived.A. whatB. whereC. thatD. why73. We thought _strange that Tom did not come yesterday.A. thatB. itC. thisD.what74.The fact _ she had not said anything surprised all of us.A. whichB. whatC. thatD.how75.What Im considering now the money we need.A. isB. areC. wereD.wa

41、s76. Can you tell me A. who is that gentlemanB. that gentleman is whoC. who that gentleman isD. whom is that gentleman77. leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. AnyoneB. The personC. WhoeverD. Who78. It is well known a person eats causes changes in the body.A. that what, when, and how

42、C. whatB. thatD. howThe energy is makes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. suchJack was soon told he did was not necessary.A. whyB. thatC. howD. why whatWe should think carefully about Mr. Needham said at the meeting.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. XCan you point out two radios are

43、 the bestA. which B. what C. that D. whether You will easily know video recorders （ 录相机 ） are the same.A. what thoseB. that of thoseC. that all of you have seen things like these before doesnt matter.A. IfB. WhetherC. What4.95.96.D. which of thoseD. When

44、she was an actress.A. who that B. who XC. what XD. how thatI asked her in English she was, and she told mehe was free he would take me to Qingdao.C. that ifD. whetherB. when will Miss Smith arriveD. why hasnt Miss Smith arrivedB. what Mr. Taylors face is likeD. which Mr. Taylors face is likeB. which

45、 you got what you giveD. what do you get what do you giveB. what this is used forD. that this is used forShe took it for granted Id be back home an hour ago.A. thatB. whetherC. ifD. whenWe think it possible the local government will be able to solve the housing problem.A. forB. thatC. whenD. howNow there is a danger the ground may fall in （ 沉下 ） under the heavy traffic.A. whetherB. ifC. XD. thatAt that time I had no idea I cou