中考英语复习--过去分词和过去式的区别

1、中考英语复习-过去分词和过去式的区别动词过去式和过去分词区别（及变形规律）1. 动词的过去式是一个动词，单独作谓语。不能与助动词、情态动词连用。它的词性与动词的第三人称单数一样。 过去分词（past participle）是分词的一种。规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加-ed 构成（规则见后），不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。过去分词属于类动词：1.1 及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子的主语是被动关系，表示主语的状态，不但表示被动，还强调已完成了。the cup is broken.茶杯破了。1.2 不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子的主语是主动关系，表示主语的状态，同样强调动作的完成。he

2、 is retired. 他已退休。1.3 有些过去分词作表语时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过 去式变化如下：1.3.1 一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed，如：worked played wanted acted1.3.2 以不发音的-e 结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如：lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped1.3.3 以辅音字母+y 结尾的动词，把-y 变为-i 再加-ed，如：studied tried copied justified cried carried embodi

3、ed emptied 1.3.4 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped1. 3.5 不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。如：go-went，make-made，get-got，buy-bought，come-came， fly-flew，is/am-was，are-were，see-saw，bring-brought，do-did，teach-taught,think-thought,are-were,say-said,sit-s

4、at.1. 动词的过去分词是动词的一种非谓语形式，也叫非限定性动词。不能独立作谓语，只能与助动词一起构成谓语。 如:“have/has/had+过去分词”构成完成时态“be+ 过去分词”构成被动语态等。它相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中起 一个形容词或副词的作用，可作表语、定语、补语等。它的作用与现在分词 doing 类似。过去分词表的意义是被 动或完成。2. 不过，过去式和过去分词最主要的区别是:过去式是一个动词，而过去分词是一个动词的非谓语形式，相当于一个 形容词或副词。动词过去分词和过去是变形规律：aaa 型即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。（共 9 个）costcostcostcutc

5、utcuthithithithurthurthurtletletletputputputreadreadread(read 的原形和过去式、过去分词读音不同2)set-set-setshut-shut-shutabb 型过去式、过去分词相同。（共 42 个）过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。（4 个）bringbroughtbroughtbuyboughtboughtthinkthoughtthoughtfightfoughtfought1 / 6中考英语复习-过去分词和过去式的区别词尾有-ild，-end 时，只需把 d 变为 t。（4 个）buildbuiltbuiltlendlentl

6、entsendsentsentspendspentspent过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。（2 个）catchcaughtcaughtteachtaughttaught把-eep、-eel 变为-ept、-elt。（4 个）keepkeptkeptsleepsleptsleptsweepsweptsweptfeelfeltfelt把-ell 变为-old。（2 个）telltoldtoldsellsoldsold把-ell、-ill 变为-elt 或-ilt。（3 个）smellsmeltsmeltspellspeltspeltspillspiltspilt把-eed、-ead、-eet

7、 变为-ed 或-et。（4 个）feedfedfedleadledledspeedspedspedmeetmetmet过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加 t。（6 个）learnlearntlearntmeanmeantmeantspoilspoiltspoiltburnburntburntdreamdreamtdreamtdealdealtdealt过去式、过去分词词尾去 y 变-id（3 个）saysaidsaidpaypaidpaidlaylaidlaid改变元音字母。（12 个）getgotgotsitsatsatfindfoundfoundholdheldheldspitspatspa

8、tshineshoneshonewinwonwonhanghunghungdigdugdugloselostlost2 / 6中考英语复习-过去分词和过去式的区别改变辅音字母。（4 个）makemademade改变元、辅音字母。（4 个）leaveleftleftstandstoodstoodhave/hashadhadunderstandunderstood understoodabc 型原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。（共 39 个）iau 变化。（7 个）beginbeganbegundrinkdrankdrunksingsangsungrrrr rangrungssss swamswu

9、msinksanksunkspringsprangsprung词尾为-ow，-aw 时，过去式将其变为-ew，过去分词在其原形后加 n。（5 个）blowblewblowndrawdrewdrawngrowgrewgrownknowknewknownthrowthrewthrown（show 除外）词尾为“i+ 辅（1 个）+e”，过去式将 i 变为 o，过去分词多在原形后加 n，若那个辅音字母为 d 或 t，须双写 d 或 t 后加 n。（4 个）（give，hide 除外）drivedrovedrivenwritewrotewrittenrideroderiddenriseroserise

10、n过去分词在过去式后加 n。（3 个）wakewokewokenspeak-spoke-spokensteal-stole-stolen过去分词由过去式加-ten 构成。（2 个）get-got-gotten/gotforgetforgotforgotten过去分词由原形加（e）n 构成。（6 个）bewas（were）beeneatateeatenffff fellfallengggg gavegivenseesawseenhidehidhidden（hid）词尾为-ake 时，过去式将其变为-ook，过去分词在原形词后加-n。（2 个）taketooktakenmistakemistook

11、mistaken3 / 6中考英语复习-过去分词和过去式的区别原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。（6 个）do diddoneflyflewflowngowent gonelielaylainshow showed shownwearwore worn词尾为-eak时，过去式将其变为-oke，过去分词在过去式后加-n。（2 个）breakbrokebrokenspeakspokespoken 词中间为“oo+辅（1 个）+e”或“ee+辅（1 个）+e”，过去式将 oo 、ee 变为 o ，过去分词在过去式后加-n。（2 个） choosechosechosenfreezefrozefrozen

12、aab 型过去式和原形相同。（1 个）beatbeatbeatenaba 型过去分词和原形相同。（共 3 个）词中间为“o+辅+e”时，过去式将 o 变为 a。（2 个）come came comebecome became become情态动词型(除 must)只有原形和过去式，没有过去分词。（共 4 个）cancould maymight willwould shallshouldmust 既没有过去式也没有过去分词。常用过去分词be(am,is,are)( 是）was,were know （知道）knew known eat（吃）ate eaten been throw（投掷）threw

13、 thrown fall（落下）fell fallen begin（开始）began begun show（出示）showed shown give（给）gave given drink（喝）drank drunk break（打破）broke broken rise（升高）rose risen ring（铃响）rang rung choose （ 选 择 ） chose take（取）took taken sing（唱）sang sung chosen ride（骑）rode ridden swim （游泳）swam swum forget（ 忘 记 ） forgot write（写）wro

14、te written blow（吹）blew blown forgotten(forgot) do （做）did done draw （画）drew drawn speak（说讲）spoke spoken go（去）went gone fly（飞）flew flown wake （醒）woke woken lie（平躺）lay lain grow （生长）grew grown drive（驾驶）drove driven see（看见）saw seen动词原形过去式过去分词2arise arose arisen其他情况4 / 6wear（穿）wore worn cost（花费）cost cost

15、 cut（割）cut cut hit（打）hit hit hurt（伤害）hurt hurt let（让）let let put（放）put put read（读）read readawake.awoke/awakedawokenbe was/were beenbear bore borne( 携 带)/born(出生)beat beat beatenbecome became becomebegin began begunbefall befell befallenbend bent bentbet bet betbind bound boundbite bit bitten/bitblee

16、d bled bledblend blended blentbless blessed blestblow blew blownbreak broke brokenbreed bred bredbring brought broughtbroadcastbroadcast/broadcastedbroadcast/broadcastedbuild built builtburn burnt/burnedburnt/burnedburst burst burstbuy bought boughtcast cast castcatch caught caughtchoose chose chose

17、ncleave clove/cleftcloven/cleftcling clung clungclothe clothed/cladclothed/cladcome came comecost cost costcreep crept creptcrow crowed/crew crowedcccccccccddddddddd /durst dareddeal dealt dealtdig dug dugdo did donedraw drew drawn中考英语复习-过去分词和过去式的区别 dream dreamt/dreamed lead led led dreamt/dreamed l

18、eanleant/leaneddrink drank drunk leant/leaneddrive drove driven leap leapt/leaped dwell dwelt dwelt leapt/leapedeat ate eaten learn learnt/learned fall fell fallen learnt/learnedfeed fed fed leave left leftfeel felt felt lend lent lentfight fought fought let let letfind found found lielay lainflee f

19、led fled lielied liedfling flung flung light lit/lighted lit/lighted fly flew flown lose lost lostforbid forbade/forbad make made made forbidden mean meant meantforecast meet met metforecast/forecasted melt meltedforecast/forecasted meited/moltenforget forgot forgotten mistake mistook mistaken forgi

20、ve forgave forgiven misunderstandfreeze froze frozen misunderstoodgainsay gainsaid gainsaid misunderstoodget got gotten outgrow outgrew outgrown gild gilded/gilt gilded overcome overcame gird girded/girt girded/girt overcomegive gave given oversee oversaw overseen go went gone pay paid paidgrave gra

21、ved graven/graved prove proved grind ground ground proved/provengrow grew grown put put puthang hung/hanged quit quitted/quithung/hanged quitted/quithave had had read read readhear heard heard rend rent rentheave heaved/hove ride rode ridden hesved/hove ring rang runghide hid hidden rise rose risenh

22、it hit hit rive rived riven/rivedhold held held run ran runhurt hurt hurt saw sawed sawn/sawed keep kept kept say said saidkneel knelt knelt see saw seenknow knew known seek sought soughtlade laded laden sell sold soldlay laid laid send sent sent5 / 6set set setsew sewed sewn/sewedshake shook shaken

23、shave shavedshaved/shavenshear shearedsheared/shornshed shed shedshine shone shoneshoe shod shodshoot shot shotshow showedshown/showedshrink shrank/shrunkshrunk/shrunkenshrive shrove/shrivedshriven/shrivedshut shut shutsing sang sungsink sank/sunksunk/sunkensit sat satslay slew slainsleep slept sleptslide slid slidsling slung slungslink slunk slunkslit slit slitsmell smelt/smelledsmelt/smelledsmite smote smittensow sowed sown/sowedspeak spoke