期末综合练习2综述

1、期末综合练习 2 （8、7、5）1. 破解密码，进入系统进入linux系统后，按 E进入以下界面中添加：RW INIT=/SYSROOT/BIN/SH1 i nuxlB /vril imiz-30-123 巳17 root =UU ID3cbdc324-de74-4b82-daXtjb=9f fe38e29794 fh in i t /ssroatzb in/shrd - 1 vh 1乏:rhe； Hhjnoioil； crashkeme 1 -onto 、按快捷键CTRL+X进入一下界面输入：chroot /sysroot进入vi模式：VI /SELINUX/CONFIG将selinux的值

2、修改为disabled,如下所示This fIle controls the state of SELinux on the system nt SELINUX= can take one of these three valiie: tt enforcing - SELinux security pul icy Ls enforced . tt permissiue - SELimux prints yarning instead of enforcing. Hd isabled No SELinuK policy is loaded.ELbUX=disab)cd_ tt SELIHUXTV

3、PE= enn take one af these tuo values： n targeted - Targeted processes are protected, itn in i nun Modi f icat ion of targeted policy. Only se Lectedl processes are protected,nls - Hultl Level Security protection.KEL1NUKTVPEtavgEted重启后选择root用户，输入修改密码 登陆成功，如下所示:chen login： rootPassword ：Last login* Tu

4、e Nou 1? 05:29:11 on ttyl rootPchen #2. 修改主机名，IP地址等信息登陆 root 用户后输入命令： HOSTNAMECTL SET-HOSTNAME GAOYArootOchenliostnanect 1 set-hostname gaoyarootllchen 1#查看设置成功与否:rooteclien lit hostname gaoyaroot(?clien Jtt重启后显示成功:gaoya login： rootPassword:Last login: Tue Dec 29 03 37:48 on ttyl rootgaoya ltt查看IP地址

5、，显示未安装，这里先配置YUM在安装ip服务:rootPgaoya tt if conf ig-bash: i fconfig: command not foundrooWgaoya Id _将光盘挂载在/mnt 目录下：mount/dev/srO /mntroot(*gaoua Jtt Nount /deu/srO znnt进入vi模式： vi /etc/yum.repos. d/local.repo 输入以下内容：rootgaoya 111 u i /巳tc/yun * repos. d/ loca 1 . repo lucall iiciine= local gpgcheck=l ena

6、ble=l baseurlfIle:/mnt/ gpgkey=f lie :/tnTit/RPM-GPGKEY-redhatrelease建立yum缓存:rcatiUsidDLiayun nakc匚盘亡Loaded plugins； product-id. subscription-inanagerTh is system is not reg istcred to Red iHat Subscr ipt iaim HiinkageraE-nt. You can use subscr i|pt ion-nainager to register. local(1x5): 1 oc D ZgrQi

7、iip_gz(2/5)： localzfi)elists_db(3?5): 1 ocn I Zpr i iwry_db(4/5) - 1 oca 1 zp-roductid(5/5): 1 ocai 1 /other_dLftetaddta Cache Created进入光盘挂载的目录中的PACKAGE中:rootgaoya ltt cd /mnt/P读ckages/显示此目录中net-tools的rpm包:rootg-aoya Packages lit Is net-too Is* nettools-Z.O-O * 17.Z0131004g辻.el?.x86_64.rpm rootSgaoy

8、a PackagesK使用YUM进行安装:rootgaoya Packages# yun install net-tools-Z.0-0-l?.Z0131GO4g辻亡1?k8Ej_64.rpm安装成功显示如下:Insta1led:net-too1sx86_64 0:2.0-0.17.Z0131004git.el?Complete *root国gfDua Facknq巳召JM查看IP地址，如下（现在还未设置）LirooCgaLoya Packages Jtt i fconf igens33： f lags = 4163 亡 GO : g : 4e : bh : f3 -txKiuxeve： 1

9、en, 1066RXRXTXTXt xqu 亡*u 1 En packets 827 bytes 79G17 (7?.1 KiB) errors O packets O errors Omu 15GGdropped O ouermuns Ofiamebytes O CO B)dropped O ovcrruriLS O carr icr 0ciol 1 isiemw Ojruotl3goiiDyia Pockagus litflags=73 mtu 6553& fnet 1Z7netiTiask 255.0 .O_Qi netG : : 1 prefix lem 1Z9 scope id Ox

10、IOCJtosO loop txqueue 1 en 0 (Loca l Loopbaclk )RX RX TX TXpackets 8 err*口i-s： Q packeits 8 errors Qbytes 5ZQ (5ZG.G Bidropped 0 ovcrruiis 0frciinc 0bytes： SZ0 (S20.0 B)dropped 0 overriums O cari? ier* 0co 1 1 iianns O进入网络设置文件，并显示其内容:ruulfty irdwni|p i rdwn- $ 卩谕 i.fdfnjn-idnifdlotm-pos t Ifdauim pp

11、p ifdakfUirrcvutes i f dnim-K i tinetwork-scrintsJiI rdouii-Tcm irdouri TcMPort firduMii-lLiiiivelI Tupifup-a liases ifiLp-fcincp Irup-eth ifu.p- ifijipifup-ipu& i Flip lisdn ifup-pi ip a Fup-plushifuip-pos-t Lftiprppp 1 rip-r tinier Lfup-Kii tifup-Teft ifup TcinPort ifup-tuiineinit. ipu6-npIota 1 n

12、etwork functlams iigtwurk- ruiiet i 口 hm查看:使用vi命令进入i fcfg ens33rocrtgoiy& TiEtiiiork-：scjrip1/slt uim现在开始配置ip地址:HUADDR=00:0C：29：6Z：C0：BATYPEEtheimetB DO TPB DTD=iioneDEFROUTE=yesPEERDMS=yesPEERROUTES=yesIPU4,FAILURE_FATAL=noIPUeYNITyes rPU6_AIITOCOMF=yesIPU6_DEFRDUTE=yes lPU6_PEEBDNS=yes rPU6_PEERfi

13、OUTES=yesIPU6,FAILUREFATAL=noNAriE=ens33UUID=7fdzezoz-f5ce-4a6a-b173-481Zalb9?5c?ONBOOT=yesIPADDfi=19Z.16B.5.13?METMASK=255 Z55.Z55.0GATEUAV=19Z.168.5.1DMS119Z.168.5.1（注意：设置如IP地址等， 需要查看HWADDR的值是否跟为设置的ETHER端口的 值是否一样，如不一样将会报错） 上图就是不一样，现在将其修改：HUADDR=OO：OC：Z3：4e：bb：f3将网络服务开启:rooteqeQmsqstemctlNet work再次

14、查看ip,显示设置成功:rootyaoya network-scripts)w irconfinens33f1ags =4153 ntu 150inet 192.16B.5.13? netmask broadcast 55 inct6 rcBO:20c：29fr：fec:bbf3 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20 ether 00 ：Oc ：Z5 ：bb ： f3 txqtieuelen 1000 (Ethernet)RX packets LB7& bytes 1B3057 t17B.7 KiB)RX errors 0 dro

15、pped 0 ouerruns 0 Prane 0TX packets 25 bytes 3733 (3,6 KiB)TX errors Q dropped 0 ouerrtins Q carr ler 0 col 1 is Ions 0lo： f1agS=?3RUMNING ntu 6S536 inet 1Z7.0,0.1 nctnask Z55.0.0.lnetft : : 1 pref ixlen 128 scope L1 OxlOloop txqueuelen 0 (Laca1 Loopback)RXRXTXTXpackets B errors 0 pncKetw B errors O

16、bijtes S20 C520.0 B) dropped 0 ouerruns 0 franc Gbytes 520 (5ZQ,0 E )dropped 0 ouerruns carrier 0cal 1 isions O3. 在虚拟机中添加一块 SCS磁盘二薪便蓋矗虽巧150 GB登陆系统后查看添加成功与否：Fdisk -iDisk zdeu/sdb： 161.1 GB, 161061273600 bytes, 314572000 sectorsUnits = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512

17、bytes / 512 bytes1/0 size (mininum/optimal): 51Z bytes / 51Z bytes4. 划分2个主分区，25GB、60GB，剩余空间作为扩展分区 划分一个主分区起大小为 25GBrootdaaoua Jtt fdisk /deu/sdbCommand (r for help)： nPartition type:p primary (0 primaryj 0 extended, 4 free)e extendedSelect (default pl: pFart 11ion number (1-4, default U： 1First secto

18、r (2048-314572799, default Z048)：Using default ualue 2048Last sector* +sectors or +size(KPH,G) (Z049-3K572799, default 311572733): +256Fartition 1 of type Linux and of size Z5 GiB is set查看:Conmand (m for help): pDisk /deu/sdh: 161.1 GB, 1G1061273600 bytesf 3H57Z890 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512

19、 = 512 bytesSector size (Jayical/physical): 51Z bytes / 51Z bytes 1/0 size (mininun/optiMal): 51Z bytes / 51Z bytes Disk label typE： dosDisk identifier: 0x2Ole0384Deuice 恥毗StartEndBlocksIdSystemzdeu/sdbl20485Z430847Z62144Q083LinuxComm叔n浪(m fof help):在此划分一个主分区 其大小为：60GBCummand (.n for help： nPartitio

20、n type；p prinary (1 primary7 0 extended, 3 free)e extendedSelect (deTauIt p)： pPartition number (Z-4, default 2): ZFirst sector (52130048-311572739, default 52430B4B):Using default value 5230048Last sector, *sectors or 估i船(52430348-314572799, default 314572799)： +60G Fartition 2 of tupe Linux and of

21、 size 60 GIB Is setConwand (ht for help): pDisk /deu/sdb: 161,1 GBj 1610612736Q0 bytes 3145728Q0 sectors Units - sectors of 1 * 512 = 51Z bytesSector size Cloqical/pfiijsical) : 51Z bytes / 51Z bytesI/O size (mininumzoptimal): 51Z bytes / 512 byteDisk labe1 type： dosDisk identifier： Gx201eO364Deu ic

22、e BootStartEndBlocksIdSystemzdeu/sdbl2048524308472621440083Linux/deu/sdb2524308481782599676Z91456083L i nux剩余空间作为扩展分区Comm nd (m for help】：nPartition type：P primary urinary, 0 extended E rrcc)e extendedSelect (default p： e氏irt辻ion number (4, defau It 3): 3First sector (17SE5S968-31457Z7S9, default 17

23、8Z59968)：Using default ualue 170Z5996BLast sector J +sectors or +s i ZLE CK (H! GJ (1782568-3145727! default 314572799)；Using default ualue 31457Z799FeurUtion 3 of type Extended and of size 65 GiB is set查看:Cumnand for help): pBisk /deu/sdb: 161.1 GB 161061273600 bytes 314572800 sectors Units = secto

24、rs of 1 * 51Z 二 12 bytesBector size (logical/pfiysical) : 51Z bytes / 51Z bytes1/0 size (m liiinum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Bisk label type: dosDisk identifier: 0xZ01e0384Deuice BootStartEndB lodesIdSystem/deu/sdb126485Z430B47Z6Z1440663Linux/deu/sdbZ524308481782593676Z91456083Linuxzdeu/sdb317

25、8Z59966314572799681564165Extended5.在扩展分区中建立 2个逻辑分区，容量分别为 2GB、10GB 建立一个逻辑分区为 2GComnAnd (m for help)： nFart it ion type: p primary (Z prinary 1 extended1 free) 】 logica1 (numbered fron 5)Select (default p)： 1I4dd I ng logical partition 5First sector (173262016-314572733, default 17aZ&Z016):Using defau

26、lt Udluc 17BZ6Z016Last sector *sectnrs or *sizeMG (170Z6ZG16-314572793 default 314572799): +ZGPartition 5 of type Linux and of size Z. is setComnand (m for help)： pDisk zdeu/sdb:161.1 GB, 161061273600bytes, 311572900sectorsUnits - sectorsfl* 512 ；=51Z bytesSector size (loical/physical): 51Z bytes /

27、512 bytesI/O size (mininun/optimal):51Z bytes/ 51Z bytesDiwk labe1 type:dosDisk identifier:0xZOleO384Deuice BootStartEndBlocksIdSystem/deu/sdbl2465Z43034?262144(10B3Linux/deu/sdbZ5Z43084817BZ59%?6Z914560B3LinuxzdEu/sdb317B259968314572799681564165Extendedzdeu/sdbS17B2620161824563192097152的Linux再次建立一个

28、逻辑分区10GConmaiid (n for help) ： 11Partition type:p卩rinary (Z prinary L extended L free)1 logical (numbered from 5)Select (default p): 1Adding logical partition 6rirst sector 110Z45B36H-31457Z7S3, default 10256360J ：fuming de Fault ualue 18Z4583B8last sector, +sectors or +size (L8245B368-31457Z73S, de

29、fault 3HS72793)： +10GPartition 6 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set查看:Command (m for help)： pDisk zdeu/sdb:161.1 GEi 161061273663bytes, 314572800sectorsUnits 二 sectorsof 1 512 =512 bytesSector size (log-icalzphysical): 51Z bytes / 51Z bytes1/0 size (nininumoptimal?:512 bytes/ 512 bytesDisk labe

30、l type:dosDisk identifier:0x201e0384Deuice BootStdftEndBlocksIdSystemLdeu/sdbl2048524308472621440083L imux/deu/sdb252430848178253%?6231456083Linux/deu/sdba1259968314572299681564165Extended/deu/sdbS17826Z016182456319209715283L inuxzdeuzsdbB1B24583692O34Z3B871048576083L inux保存退出:Command 5 for help): u

31、The partition table has been altered?Calling loct1() to re-read 辻Ion table 357.5367Z21 sd 0：0:l：Q： sdb Assuning driue cache: write tlirouyli Syncing dis;s.rootQgaoya 4t6.将第1个逻辑分区的类型改为swap、主分区1为ext4、主分区2为XFS第1个逻辑分区的类型改为swap：由于swap的id是82,所以这里的 Hex code输入82：rootPgaoya fdisk /deu/sdbHelcome to fdisk Cut

32、illinux 2.23.2).Chamcfes ui 11 remain in men or y onlyj until you decide to write them. Be carefuI before using the write conmand.Comnaiid (n for help)： tPartition number (1-3,5,6, default 6): 5Hex code (type L to 11st all codes)I 82Changed type of part ition 1 Linux1 to 1 Linux suap / Solar查看:IConm

33、and (mfor help)： pLisk /deu/sdb: 161.1 GB. 161061Z73600 bytes, 31457Z800sectorslUnits = sectors of 1 * 512=512 bytesISector size (logica 1/physical): 51Z bytes / 51Z bytesIl/O size (mininum/optina1):512 bytes /512 bytesiDisk labeltype: dosDisk identifier： OxZ01eO384DeuiceBuoitStartEndBlocksIdSystemz

34、deu/sdbl204B5243004726Z1440003L inuxzdeu/stlbZ5Z430B48178Z599676Z91456083Linuxdeu/sdbJ179Z59S6B314572799601564165Extendedzdeu/sdb5178Z6ZG1618Z456319Z03715Z8ZLinux suap z Solariszdeu/sdb61824583602031290871048576093Linux保存并退出:Command Cm for help): uThe partition table has been altered!GUling ioctlC)

35、to re-read partition table,749 .6603163 sd 6 :0：l：G : CsdbJ Assuming drive cachei ur辻c through Syncing disks +主分区1为ext4rrootgaoya fl mkfs,ext4 /deuzsdblmkeZfs 1.4Z.9 (ZB-Dec-ZG13)Filesysten label -OS type LinuxBlock size=4096 (lag=2)Fragment size=4096 (log=Z)Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks163

36、8100 inodes, 6553600 blocks3Z7&B& blacks (5+WK) reserued far the super user First data block=0Maxinum filesystem blocks= block groups3Z768 blocks per group, 3Z76G fragments per groupB19Z inodes per groupSuperb lack backups stared on b Eachs:32768, 9B304. 163Bi0 229376, 23121 019ZOO*1S05

37、632,4096000Allocating group tables: doneWriting inode tables: doneCreating Journa1 (32768 blocks): doneUritimg superblocks and filesystem accounting lnfornatfan: donerootqraoLia *1主分区2为XFSrootOgaoya 1H nkfs +xfs/deu/sdbZneta-data=/deuZsdbZisize=Z56agcount =4, agsize=393Z16G blkssectsz=S12attr=2, pro

38、jid32bit=l=crc=0data-bsize=4D9Gblocks=157Z8640, imaxpct=Z5=sun it=Gsuidth=0 blksnaming=uersion Zbsize=4096asci ici=Q ftype=Olog=i nterna1 logbsize=40%blocksSBO, uersion=2=sectsz-512sun it=0 blks lazy-count=lrealt ime=noneextsz=4096blocks=0, rtexteints=0rootQgaoya Ju7.确认分区设置情况，保存退出Command Cm for help

39、): uThe partition table has been altered!Calling ioctlC) to re-read partition table,749 .6603163 sd 6 :0：l：G : CsdbJ Assuming drive cachei ur辻c through Syncing disks +8. 将新分区挂载到/home目录下，设置开机自动挂载新分区挂载到/home目录rootgaoya /J4t nount zdeu/sdb2 /hone rootgaoya /# nount zdeu/sdbl /Jione rocrtnaoua /Jtt设置开机自

40、动挂载Vi /etc/fstabn zettzzfstAb” Created by anaconda on Kon Nou 16 Z1：Z3：34 Z01511 Accessible f i, lesL|stEmst by reference UUID=ldaOb9cd-eBd34364-93e9-O10bebde3851 rootaaoua /#显示分区使用情况rootPgaoya /lit freetotalusedfreesharedbufferscachedHen:1B85472Z33356165Z11&8680111&88172-/+ buffers/caclie :14406B17

41、41404Suap：113430004134300CrooWgaoya /#设置开机自动挂载进入vi编辑器修改文件：vi /etc/fstabIrooteiiaoua /# ui /etc/fstabzdev/srlbSswapdefaults/etc/fstab1 15Lj 694C written root(iaoija Zltt查看:4flrnotffgaoya zjli cat /etc/fstab/etc/fstabCreated by dhaconda on Hon Nuu 16 21 ：23Z015ftnftcc匚営客iblu filesystensj by rcfcrcnciE

42、, orc maintained under /dcu/disl(J See nan pagcs fstab(5) ? f indfs(B) raoumt (8) and/orblkidCB) for nareinfo4zdeu/raapper/rhe 1 - root/xfsUUID=b?5a473b-edaS-483d-B539-6d403 822145 zboot /deu/napper/rhe -sua psuapsuap/deu/sdbl/honeext4/deu/sdb2/honexfs/dfiu/sdb5suspwapdefaultsdefaults defaults defau

43、lts defaultsxfs1 defaultsruott!阿J /JHrootegaoya F ilesysten deutmpfs root(?yaouacdronZltt dfType deutnpfs cdronZJtt-hT /deu/sdb5Size Used Auai1 Usex nounted on915M0 915M OZ /deu10. 服务器每次开机自动挂载RPM.iso在设置自动挂载 RPM.ISO时，需要查看虚拟机设置时，是否添加那个光盘镜像:* *新匚D/DVD (IDE)正在便用文件E:RPM.iSO进入 vi 编辑器，修改 /etc/fstab : Vi /e

44、tc/fstabIrooWgaoya cdromZl# ui /etc/fstabzdev/srO/nnt/cdronliso660 defaults0 0查看挂载成功与否:rootegaoya FilEsystM /deu/srOrootBgaoiyacdron2t dfType ixo9660 cdronZJtt-hT zdeu/srSize Used Avail Usez nounted on &36M636M0 100z /nmt/cdroml11. 服务器每次开机自动挂载rhel-server-X-X-dvd.iso光盘镜像在设置自动挂载 rhel-server-X-X-dvd.is

45、o时，需要查看虚拟机设置时，是否添加那个光盘镜像：CD/DVD (IDE) 正在使用丈件 E:rhel-server-7.0-X8. .进入 vi 编辑器，修改 /etc/fstab : Vi /etc/fstabl/deusrlznnt/cdromZiso966G dePau ItsG Ol保存并退出:/etc/fstab1 16Lf 84bC ur itten rootPuaoua cdromZltt查看:rootgaoya Fi iesysten zdev/srlcdromZ# df -hl /deu/sr1TypeSize Used Auai1 Usez Mounted oniso?6

46、60 3.5G 3,5G0 100Z zmnt/cdronZrootgaoua cdromZ Jtt12. 公司准备邮件服务器由于用户数量众多，考虑到动态扩容的需要，计划增加两块SCSI硬盘并构建LVM逻辑卷(挂载到 “/mailbox目录下)专门用于存放邮件数据添加两块硬盘：35fi(SCSI)200 GB硬S 2 (SCSI)200 GB查看添加成功与否：rootgaoya lit fdisk -1104.770673 end_reqiiest: f/0 error, deu fdO, sector 0Disk zdeu/sdb: 214.? G叭 bytes,

47、419430400 sectors Units = sectors of 1 w 51Z =512 bytesSector size (logica1/physica1): 51Z bytes / 51Z bytesI/O size (mininun/optiMalJ: 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk zdeu/sdci Z14*7 GB 214748364800 bytesj 418430400 sectors Llnits - sectors of 1 * 51Z = 51Z bytesSector size (logical/pliysica 1J : 51Z byt

48、es / 51Z bytes1/0 size (.mininun/aptima 1) : 51Z bytes / 51Z bytes将硬盘分区:rootgaoya ft fdisk /deu/sdbCommand (m for help)nPartition type：p primary (0 primaryf 0 extended, 4 freeJ e extendedSelect (default p】：pPartition number (1-4, default 1：First sector (2048-419430399, defaultUsing default ualue 204

49、BLast sector, +sectors or +sizeKPM,G) Ualue out of range.Last sector, +sectoir or +sizeM,l1#G?Partition 1 of tgpe Linux and of sizeZO40):(2049-4130399,208-413430399,20 GIB is setdefault 419430399): EOGdefault 419430339)： *Z0GCommand (m for helpl ： uThe partition table has been altered!Callinq ioct1CJ to re-read partition table.101.574E531 sd 2：1：0; sdb Assuming driue cache: urite through Syncing diks.rootOqaoua 1#“lit fdiskCannand (h for help)： nPartition type:p primary (0 primary, 0 Extended, 4 Free)e extendedSelect (de