非谓语的用法总结精编版

1、最新资料推荐非谓语动词的用法总结李靖 非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）不是真正意义上的谓语动词，在句中都不能单独作谓 语。但都具有动词的某些特点， 可以有自己的宾语或状语， 构成非谓语动词短语。 不定式表目的， 表将来；动名词表主动，表进行；过去分词表被动，表完成。一作主语 （ 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加 being, 动名词做主语谓语动词用单数 ）1）不定式、动名词都可做主语，但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的 经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。如：Playing with fire is dangerous.玩 火危险。（泛指玩火）To pla

2、y with fire will be dangerous.玩 火会发生危险。2）用动名词做主语的句型 :It s no use/no /gpoleoadsure doing sth做 没有用处 /好处 /乐趣It s a waste of time doing做 s.t.h. 浪费时间It is worth doing sth值 得做某事It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收It is worth making an appointment before you go去. 之前预约一下是值得的。3）不定式做主语的句型 .It is + adj +f

3、or sb to do sth.比较：表示人的品质时只能用 of sb 如 considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel /wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/w等ro单ng词出现 时。It is silly of you to say so.It is important for us to learn English well.It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command o

4、f the English language. 4) “Wh- + to 不定式”可做主语。 如：When to leave hasn t been decided ye什t. 么时候动身还没定呢。Whether to drive or take the trai nis still a problem是. 自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题。5）一般情况下，不定式和动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 如：Seeing is believing.= To see is to believ眼e 见为实。.Planting flowers needs constant watering.但 and

5、连接的多个动名词作主语，谓语动词大多用复数（如果前后动名词的语义一致， 谓语一般用单数）。如： Lying and stealing are immoral说. 谎与盗窃是不道德的。6）动名词前面可以加上形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构。 如： What made him angry? Mary s /My/His/He/rT heir/ The boy s/ The president (ms abdeein hgi mla taengry.7）过去分词不能单独做主语，前面必须加上 being，构成动名词，做主语。如： Being exposed to the suisn h armfu

6、l to the skin.Being examined twice a yearw ,h ether it is a car, a bus or a truck, is the rule that everydriver must obey in this cit.y 经典练习：最新资料推荐1. It s important for the figures (update) regularly.2. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times whens i tbetter (remain)silent.3. Its real

7、ly stupid of you ( tell)him the news yesterday so it has been disturbinghim all the time.4. (understand)your own needs and styles of communication is as important aslearning to convey your affection and emotions.5. (worry) about your grades doesnt help.6. The engine just wont start. Something seems

8、(go) wrong with it.参考答案： 1. to update 2. to remain 3. to have told 4. understanding 5. worrying 6.to go 改错题：一个句子最多有一处错误1. Its standard practice for a company like this one employ a security officer.2. Hear how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.3. Know basic first-

9、aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.4. Do well in an interview will be an important part of getting a place at university.5. He told us whether have a picnic was still under discussion.6. How prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem. 参考答案： 1. 在employ前加 to 2. Hear

10、 改为Hearing 3. Know 改为 Knowing4. Do 改为 Doing 5. have 前加 to 6. prevent 前加 to.二. 作定语1) 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词， 或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、 工具等，不定式后面需要有相应的介词，如：The Browns have a comfortable hou steo live in2) 用不定式作定语的几种情况：a. 不定式表将来如： The car to be bought is for his sister.b. 用来修饰被序数词、最高级或 no, all, any，the only 等限

11、定的中心词，且与中心词为逻辑 上的主动关系 , 如：He was the best manto do the job.She wast he first womant o win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.c. 有些名词的同根词常跟不定式，因而它们也常跟不定式做定语，常见的有： promise, plan, attempt, offer, decision, refusal, failure, ability, chance, warning, anxiety, eagerness, willingness, readines等sI don t t

12、rust his promise to come for a visit.He said he had no plan to go there.He made an attempt to stand up.Birdssinging is sometimes a warning to other birds to stay away.3) 前置定语：V+ing 可以表示正在进行， 也可以表示特征； 过去分词表示已经完成或状态请 区别下面短语：the boiling/ boiled water. 正沸腾的水 (表正在进行 )/白开水(表完成) a good-looking flower. 一朵好看

13、的花儿(表特征)the developing countries/ the developed countrie发s 展中国家 /发达国家最新资料推荐the falling leaves / the fallen leave正s 在下落的叶子 /落叶the remaining money/ the money lef剩t 下的钱 注意：英语中有些表示感觉的动词，其现在分词形式表示“令人感到 .的”，过去分词形式 表示“感到 .的”如：an exciting voice 一个令人兴奋的声音 an excited voice 一个兴奋的声音 a puzzling expression 一个令人困惑

14、的表情 a puzzled expression一 个困惑的表情4) 区别下列后置定语的用法：to be done表 示被动、将来；done 表示被动、完成； being done 表示被动、正在进行； v+ing 表示主动； 动词的系表结构直接去掉动词 be; 如果是不及物动词或者是感官系动词 sound/taste/ feel/ smell/ loo和k 变化系动词就只有用 V+ing 形式。Have you read the nove wl ritten by Dickens?Listen! The song being sungis very popular with students

15、.The questiont o be discusseadt tomorrow s meeting is a very important one.The food tasting deliciou sells well. 注意：不定式在后置定语中只表示将来，不表目的； having dong 或者 having been done一 般用在状语中，不可以做后置定语，过去分词本身就表被动和完成。请完成下面的练习1. There are many people (wait) outside the hall.2. There are many problems ( remain) to be

16、solved.3. The flowers (smell) sweet attract a lot of people.4. There are many people (invite) to the party.5. The film, (set) in the 1th9 century, won the medal.6. The meeting(hold) now is of great importance.7. The meeting(hold) yesterday was of great importance.8. The meeting (hold) tomorrow is of

17、 great importance.9. He is always the first (come) and the last (le.a ve)10. He is the only person (know) the truth.11. He was the best (do) the job.13. A great number of students (question) said they were forced to practice the piano.14. John has really got the job because he showed me the official

18、 letter (offer) it to him.15. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope (provide)16. Birdssinging is sometimes a warning to other birds (stay) away.17. The room is empty except for a bookshelf_(_stand) in one corner.18. Laura was away in Paris for over a week. Whe

19、n she got home, there was a pile of mail(wait) for her.19. They might just have a place (leave) on the writing courswehy don t you give it a try?20. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words (use) in daily conversations.最新资料推荐21. Volunteering gives you a chance （change） lives, including

20、 your own.参考答案： 1.waiting 2.remaining3. smelling 4.invited 5. set 6.being held 7.held 8. to be held9. to come 10. to leave 11.to know 12.to do 13. questioned 14. offering 15. provided 16. to stay 17. standing 18. waiting 19. left2 0. used 21. to leave 22. to change三. 作表语 （不定式 /动名词 /过去分词都可以做表语 ）1. 动名

21、词作表语表示抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常性的行为；不定式多表示具体 的动作，尤其是某一次的动作 例如：比较下列区别His favorite sport is swimming. 泛（ 指游泳 ）Your task today is to wash the curtain（指s.一次具体的工作 ）2 .excited/disappointed/frightened/pleased/satisfied/interested/puzzled/ti感re到d exciting/disappointing/frightening/pleasing/satisfying/interesting/p

22、uzzling/tiri令ng人 .He is moved by the moving movie.The film is moving.It is a pleasant trip（. pleasant 做前置定语） The trip is pleasing（. pleasing 做 表语）3. 注意下列表达方式： My bag is missing/ lost/ gone. I find my bag missing/lost/gone.4. remain 的表语1） remain to be done仍 需去做 /有待于 One problem remians to be solved.

23、It remians to be seenw hether the operation was successful.2）remain 做“仍然是”讲时，可用名词， adj，介词，现在分词或者过去分词作表语 He remained stuck 滞（ 留 ）abroadPeter became a manager, but Jarecmk ained a worker.Whatever achievements you ve made, yreomu sahino umldo dest.无论你取得多么大的成就，你都该保持谦虚。He had tor emain in hospita luntil

24、he was better.他 不得不一直住院直到身体好些。 This solid stone， square tower hadre mained standin gfor one thousand years. The guests came in, but shrem ained sitting/seateadt the desk readin客g. 人们都来了，但她还 坐在写字台旁读书。As before, her emained unmoved. 他和以往一样无动于衷。注意： 1）用作不及物动词，意思是 “剩下；剩余；遗留 ”，此时不能用进行时态，也没有被 动语态。After the

25、 fire, very little remained of his house火. 灾过后，他的家所剩无几。2）remaining是形容词 ,意为“剩余的”,常作前置定语；而 left 则只能作后置定语。 例如： There are still some apples lef还t. 剩余一些苹果。I bought a gift for her with the remaining mon.e y我用剩余的钱给她买了一件礼物。3）remain作名词时表示 “剩余物 ”一,般用其复数形式。 例如：The archeologists found some remains of the Song D

26、yn.考as古ty 学家发现了一些宋 代遗迹。5. 1） 主语+ seem +（to be ）+ 表语，表语多为名词或形容词最新资料推荐Tom seems （to be ） a very clever boy汤. 姆看上去是一个非常聪明的男孩。The man over there seems to be a new teach那e边r. 的那个人看上去像一个新老2） 主语 + seem to do sthbe doing sthhave done sthMrs. Green doesn t s或eemse （ems not ） to like the idea格. 林夫人似乎不太喜欢这个主意。

27、 The children seemed to be eating something in the roo孩m子. 们好像正在房间里吃东西呢。 The young man seemed to have changed muc这h个. 年轻人看起来变化很大。6. 当不定式用作表语时，其中的 to 原则上是不能省略的。如：His aim is to do two years 他wo的rk目 in标 o是ne一. 年干两年的工作。但有一种例外，那就是当主语部分有动词 do 的某种形式时，用作表语的不定式可以省略 to。 如：What you first do is （to） mix the egg

28、 with flour你. 先得把鸡蛋和面粉和好。All I did was （to） touch the window, and it broke我. 只不过碰了一下窗户，玻璃就碎了 经典练习1. My worry is your （rely） too much on your parents.2. Please remain （seat）; the winner of the prize will be announced soon.3. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone

29、are important in staying（ connect）答案： 1.relying 2.seated 3.connected四. 作宾语 （不定式和动名词都可以作宾语 ）1. 只能用动名词作宾语的动词和短语考虑、建议和原谅，承认、推迟没得想像 避免、继续练，否认完成停感谢不禁止介意准逃亡 conside（r 考虑） ;advise/suggest/propose/recomme建nd议（ ）; excuse/pardon原（ 谅 ）； admit/acknowledge承（ 认）；delay/postpone/put of推f（迟）; imagine/fancy想（ 像）； avo

30、id（避免）； practise（练习） ;deny（否认）;finish（完成）; appreciate/acknowledg感e（谢 ）; forbid （禁止）; mind（介 意 ）; escape逃（ 脱 ）； 此外，这些动词也跟动名词： miss（错过）；enjoy（享受）；risk （冒险 ）；tolerate/bear/stand/put up with（容忍 ）；qui（t 停止）advocat（e 提倡）；resist（ 抵制）understan（d 理解）；allow/permit（允 许） 短语： feel like doing st（h喜欢做某事 ; give up

31、doing 放（ 弃做某事）; keep doing不（ 停的做某事 ）; be busy doing sth;c an t he dlpoing sth（情不自禁） ; be worth doing sth值 （ 得做某事 ）； have difficulty/trouble doing st做h（.有困难 /麻烦）; have a hard/good time doing s做th 很开心 /不开心; have fun doing sth 做 很开心 succeed in doing st成h 功做某事句型： It is no use/good /pleasure doing 做sth没有

32、用处 /好处/乐趣There is no point in doing sth= There is no need to do s没th必 要做某事 Its a waste of time doing st做h 浪费时间最新资料推荐It is worthwhile doing/ to do sth = be worthy to be done= be worthy of being done= be worth doing sth值得做某事2. 只能用不定式作宾语的动词 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮decide/determine, learn, want,

33、expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help,（afford, strive, happen, wait, thre口a诀ten之外的单词 ） She pretended not to see me when I passed by.We agreed to meet here but so far she hta tsunrned up yet.3. forge，t go on， mean， regret，remember， stop， t

34、ry 等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾 语，但意义上有区别。forget to do sth forget doing sth go on to do sth go on doing sth mean to do sth mean doing sthregret to say/tell/inform/announceregret doing sth/having doneremember to do sth remember doing sthstop to do sth stop doing sthtry to do sth try doing sthcant help （to） do s

35、th cta hnelp doing sth cant help but do sth =cant but do sth sb used to do sth sb be used to doing sth sth be used to do sth be afraid to do sth不敢做某事 be afraid of doing sth担心发生某事 be sure to do sth一定会be sure of doing st确h信会 Let s go on studying Lesso（n 6让. 我们继续学第六课。说明前面已学了一部分。）Let s go on to study Le

36、sson（ 6.让 我们接着学第六课。说明前面已学了第五课。）I remember doing the exercise（. 我记得做过练习。）I must remember to do it.（ 我必须记着做这事。）I tried not to go there.（ 我设法不去那里。）I tried doing it again. （我试着又干了一次。）Stop speaking.（ 不要讲话。）He stopped to talk.（ 他停下来讲话。）I mean to come early today（. 我打算今天早些来。）Missing the train means waiting

37、 for another ho（ur误. 了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时）4. 在 allow，advise，forbid， permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作 宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语：allow /advise/forbid/permit sb to do sth allow/advise/forbid/permit doing sthWe dont allow smoking here. We dont allow students to smoke.最新资料推荐动词 need，require，want 作“需要”解，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不

38、定式的被动形式作 宾语表示事情需要做，这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义。 be worth后必须用动名词的主动 形式来表示被动意义。Sth need/ want/require doing / to be done需 要 .Sth be worth doing 值得 . deserve to be done/ doing .值得 .The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.Her method is worth trying.These proposals deserve considering/ to be consider

39、这ed些. 建议应该被考虑。5. to为介词的短语 devote oneself/ ones time to （把.贡献给.）；look forward to （期望）；pay attention to 注（ 意）； attach importance to 重（ 视）；be used/accustomed to习 （惯于做某事）；when it comes to 当（ 谈到做某事） ; get down to（着手）；prefer doing sth to doing s（th喜欢.而不喜欢; turn to doing sth转（ 向）； thanks to 多（ 亏）; lead to

40、导（ 致 ）；the key to doing sth （做某事的关键 ）；object to/be opposed t反o （对 ）；contribute to （有助于）；be addicted to doing sth沉 （湎于；对.上瘾）；make contributions to对 （ .做出贡献 ） ； due to（由于）； apply oneself to致 （力于） ；stick to（坚持）； come close to（ 接近于）等后的 动词也必须用动名词形式，例如：I look forward to hearing from you soon.6. 不定式做动词（词组）

41、 tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out 等的宾语时，前面常常带引导词 how, what, whether, where, when, who 等，但是 why 后加不带 to 的不定式。He showed us how to do the work= He showed us how we should do the work.I don knot w what to do= I don t know what I should do.We m

42、ust decide whether to stay or goW=e must decide whether we ll stay or go.Can you tell me why do it?7. 在 love， hate，prefer，like 等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。有时用动名词作宾语时， 指一般情况，而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。I love swimming.I love to swim today.8. start，begin，continue在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。It started to snow. He is beginning t

43、o cook dinner. I began to understand what he meant. 典型例题1. David threatened （report） his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.2. He chose （keep） silent when asked why.3. He volunteered （help） the victims in the earthquake.4. Whenever you are in trouble, don t hesitate （ask） me for hel

44、p.5. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need （repair）.6. Can I smoke here? Sorry. We don t allow （smoke） here.7. I hear they ve promoted Tom, but he didn t mention （promote） when we talked on the8. Bill suggested （hold） a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai

45、Expo during the vacation.9. I really appreciate （have） time to holiday with you on this nice island.最新资料推荐10. I can hardly imagine her (marry) such a men as Lee.11. It s quite hot today. Do you feel like _(_g_o_)_ for a swim?12. The film star wears sunglass. Therefore, he can go shopping without (re

46、cognize).13. They are quiet, arent they? Yes, they are accustomed to not talk at meals.14. How can I afford to fly to America when I can only earn 800 Yuan a month.15. Would you mind turn down your radio a little, please?16. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed caught.17. He practiced playing

47、the piano every morning.18. He risked losing his life in order to save the drowning girl.19. He was considering changed his mind.20. He was considered to be very rich.21. Don t worry. We can manage to help you out.22. I was advised to quit the job and try a new one.23. We ve had a good start, but ne

48、xt, more work needs to be done to achieve thccee fsinsa. l su24. One learns a language by making mistakes and correct them.25. China recently tightened its waters controls near the HuangYan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from attacked in the South China Sea.26. Shortly after suffering from

49、a massive earthquake and having reduced to ruins, the city took on a new look.27. When it comes to speak in public, no one can match him.28. Lydia doesn t feel like study abroad. Her parents are old.29. I really regret (inform) you that you have failed to pass the exam.30. He tried (persuade) her to

50、 accept their incitation, but in vain.31. She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.32. I still remember taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.33. No one answered the front door, so I tried knocking at the back door.34. I m afraid I can t help

51、 painting the house this afternoon.35. I couldn t choose but to accept his invitation.36. I m sorry. I didn t mean hurt you.37. Now that we have finishedE xercise I, let s go on to do .E xercise38. I couldn t help but admiring him for his courage.39. Oh, my goodness! I forgot to lock the door last n

52、ight. Is there anything missing?40. I forgot paid already, so I went to my boss again.41. The competitor never dreamed of there (be) a chance for him to win the first prize in the100 meter race.42. Have you heard of my sister (win) the contest?43. The doctor does not mind I eating a little meat occa

53、sionally.44. She didn t mind hes rt abkoeonk away and used by other students.45. I insist on Mary go there.46. I knew nothing about the window was open.最新资料推荐47. He left the city without our know it.答案：1. to report 2. to keep 3. to help 4.to ask 5.repairing 6.smoking 7.having been promoted 8.holding

54、 9.having 10. marrying 11.going 12.being recognized 13.ta改lk为 taking 14.正确 15.turn 改为 turning 16.caught 前加 being 17.正确 18.正确 19.changed改为 changing 20正. 确 21.正确 22.正确 23.正确 24.correct 改为 correcting 25.attecked前加 being 26.having改为 being 27.speak改为 speaking 28.study改为 studying 29.to inform 30.to persua

55、de 3正1.确 32.taken前加 being 33正. 确 34.painting改为 paint 35.去 掉 to 36.正确 37.正确 38.admiring 39正. 确 40.paid 前加 being 41.being 42.winning 43.改I 为 my 或 me 44.taken前加 being 45.go改为 going，或去掉 on 46.was改为 being 47.know改为 knowing 五作状语不定式分词作状语时，不定式、分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致， 不定式表示目的， 动名词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。（一）不定式作状语1. 不定式作目

56、的状语In order to可以放在句首，也可以放在句中； so as to 只能放于句中， in order to 和 so as to 放 于句中时，不能用逗号隔开。To catch the early bus/In order to catch the early bus, he gets up early.= He gets up early to catch the early bus.Bob took down my telephone number so as / in order not to forget it.= In order not to forget it, Bob

57、 took down my telephone number.2. 不定式作结果状语 不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中： so+adj +as to do sth; such+n +as to do sth;e nough to do sth; too .to; Only to do sth表示不定式出乎意料的结果。I m not so stupid as to write it down.=mI not such a fool as to write it down.He is clever enough to be fit for the job.Jane arrived at the station only to be told the train had gone.比较：He died, leaving only debts动.（名词表示自然而然的结果 ）I m too tired t