2022届高考英语一轮总复习 专题十 名词性从句学案新人教版

1、2022届高考英语一轮总复习 专题十 名词性从句学案新人教版2022届高考英语一轮总复习 专题十 名词性从句学案新人教版年级：姓名：专题十名词性从句考点精讲 考点一名词性从句的种类1主语从句it作形式主语，常见的句型有：(1)itbe形容词(obvious，true，natural，surprising，important，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，certain，probable，etc)that从句。(2)itbe名词词组(no wonder，an honor，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，etc)that从

2、句。(3)itbe过去分词(said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged，etc)that从句。it is important that this mission (should) not fail这项使命不失败至关重要。(4)it 不及物动词(seem，appear，happen，matter等) that从句。it doesnt matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。2表语从句(1)becau

3、se引导的表语从句强调原因，而why引导的表语从句强调结果。if im a bit sleepy，its because i was up all night如果我有点困，是因为一夜没睡。thats why i object to the plan这就是我反对这个计划的原因。(2)由as if/as though引导的表语从句now it was as though she had known millie for years现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。3宾语从句(1)形式宾语it：在动词find，feel，consider，make，believe，think等后面有宾语补足语的时候

4、则需要用it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。i think it necessary that we take plenty of water every day我认为我们每天多喝水是有必要的。(2)有些动词不能直接跟宾语从句，需要借助形式宾语it。常见的动词有like，dislike，hate，love，enjoy，appreciate等。he hates it when people use his bike他讨厌别人用他的自行车。4同位语从句(1)分隔式同位语从句the news got about that he had won a car in the lottery消息传开说他

5、中彩得了一辆汽车。(2)同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句是对前面名词的内容进一步解释、说明，引导词that只起引导作用，在句中不作任何成分，一般不可省略。定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制，引导词在句中作一定的句子成分。the news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。(同位语从句，进一步解释the news的内容)the news (that) you told me yesterday was really disappointing你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令

6、人失望。(定语从句，它指的是“你昨天告诉我的那个消息”)特别提示：that，what引导名词性从句的区别：that引导名词性从句，在从句中不作任何成分，that本身无意义，只起连接作用。what引导名词性从句时，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语，定语，what表示“什么”；“的东西或事情”。请比较：what i need is more time(what引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语)that i need more time to do the work is very clear(that引导主语从句，在从句中不作任何成分)the village is no longer what it u

7、sed to be(what引导表语从句，在从句中作表语)i had no idea what we should do next(what引导同位语从句，在从句中作宾语)he will tell us what he saw in london(what引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语) 考点二whether/if(是否)引导的名词性从句1whether和if在宾语从句中经常可以互换，但下列情况常用whether，不用if。(1)与or或or not连用时只能用whether。(2)从句作介词宾语时只能用whether。i worry about whether he can pass thro

8、ugh the crisis of his illness我担心他是否能熬过这次疾病的关键时刻。2在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。it remains to be seen whether the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice新组成的委员会制定的政策是否能实施还有待观察。 考点三what，wh-ever引导的名词性从句1what引导名词性从句时，what在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。“every time you eat a sweet，drink green tea”th

9、is is what my mother used to tell me“每次你吃糖的时候要喝点绿茶。”这是我妈妈过去常常告诉我的事情。2“疑问词ever”可引导名词性从句，在从句中要充当一定的成分。whoever与whatever表泛指，意为“无论谁”，“无论什么”；whichever表示在特定范围内选择，意为“无论哪一个/哪一些”。whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way任何一个想要住旅店的人都必须自己付钱。特别提示：“疑问词ever”还可以引导让步状语从句。whatever you say，i will not b

10、elieve you(让步状语从句)无论你说什么，我都不相信。但“no matter疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。难点释疑 难点一that与what引导名词性从句的区别that在从句中不充当句子成分，也没有含义；what可以在从句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，意思是“的东西或表情；什么样的”。that he failed in the test again really puzzled us他又一次没通过考试，这真让我们感到迷惑不解。(that在主语从句中不作成分，不可以省略)these photographs will show you what our village looks like这

11、些照片将向你展示我们村的面貌。(what在宾语从句中作介词like的宾语)难点二wh-与wh-ever引导名词性从句的区别连接词what，which，who分别表示“的东西或事情；什么”“哪一个”“谁”，表示疑问含义；而whatever，whichever，whoever分别相当于anything that，anythat，anyone who，意为“无论”，强调一切情况。试比较：what you choose to wear should be clean你选择穿的衣服应该是干净的。whatever you choose to wear should be clean无论你选择穿什么，你的衣

12、服应该是干净的。难点三：不能省略that的情况特殊情况例句that引导主语从句that he failed in the exam made his parents disappointed他考试不及格，这使他父母很失望。that引导表语从句时the truth is that i didnt go there事实是我没有去那里。that引导同位语从句时 the news that our team has won is true我们队获胜的消息是真的。当that引导的从句作介词except, but，in等的宾语时they share little in common except that

13、 they are from the same country除了来自同一个国家之外，他们几乎没有共同点。当主句谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其他的that不可省略i believe(that)youve done your best and that things will get better我相信你已经尽力了，而且情况会好起来的。当it作形式宾语，that引导的从句作真正的宾语时he has made it clear that he will not give in他不会屈服的，他已经表明了这一点。当that引导的宾语从句与主句谓语动词之间有插入语或与从句主

14、语之间有插入语时he announced，believe it or not，that he would never forgive her信不信由你，他宣布他永远不会原谅她。解题策略 名词性从句解题三步走第一步：根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构判断是否是名词性从句。第二步：一旦判断是名词性从句，就根据名词性从句中缺少什么句子成分来确定选用什么连接词。若从句中缺少主语、宾语、定语或表语，用连接代词；若缺少状语就用连接副词。第三步：如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完整，是否需要用whether/if；如果不缺少成分且意思完整就用that。【典例1】the shopkeeper did

15、 not want to sell for _what_ he thought was not enough解析： 介词for后缺成分，he thought作插入语，而且was前缺主语。在这种情况下用what，what可分解为the price that，原句可转化为“the shopkeeper did not want to sell for the price that he thought was not enough”。【典例2】 massive open online courses，called moocs, are changing _how_ people learn in

16、many places 解析：分析句子结构可知，空处作宾语从句中的方式状语，即“怎样学习”，故应用how。易错聚焦 1语序问题(误)these pictures show you what does our village look like(正)these pictures show you what our village looks like宾语从句的语序应用陈述语序，而不是特殊疑问句的语序。(误)do you think which of these is the most useful invention?(正)which of these do you think is the m

17、ost useful invention?在疑问句中，宾语从句的连接词应担当特殊疑问词的角色位于句首。2what和that的运用(误)america was that was first called “india” by columbus(正)america was what was first called “india” by columbus在名词性从句中，连接词that既不作任何句子成分，也没有意义；而连接代词what则相反，它既充当从句的主干成分也有其自身的意义。另外，我们可以把what解释为：the名词that/which。3whether和if的运用(误)if well hol

18、d the party has not been decided yet(正)whether well hold the party has not been decided yetwhether适用于任何情况；if(作“是否”讲)仅限于动词宾语从句中，但discuss，decide等动词后的宾语从句除外。4连接词的使用易受汉语干扰(误)the reason why i was late is because i was trapped in the traffic jam(正)the reason why i was late is that i was trapped in the tra

19、ffic jam第一句通过提取简化可得出：the reason is because在英语中显然造成了重复现象。达标检测 单句语法填空1(2020浙江卷)over thousands of years，they began to depend less on _what_ could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown解析：考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。

20、分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。2(2020天津卷改编)the student completed this experiment to make come true _what_ professor joseph had said解析：考查名词性从句。句意：这个学生完成了该实验，使约瑟夫教授所说的话成为现实。make sth come true“使成为现实”，本句中sth较长，故放到了come true之后。分析句子结构可知，make后缺宾语，故空格处引导宾语从句且在从句中作had said的宾语因此应用what引导该从句

21、。3(2020江苏卷改编)it is not a problem _whether_ we can win the battle; its just a matter of time解析：考查主语从句。句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。it是形式主语，whether引导的从句是真正的主语。句中not a problem暗示空格处表示“是否”。故填whether。4(2020江苏卷改编)this actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goes for _whatever_

22、解析：考查名词性从句。句意：这个演员通常在表演前就已经计划好了前两个技巧，然后全力以赴。分析句子成分可知，此处做goes for的宾语，指代“任何事情”，whatever“无论什么”符合语境。5(2018全国卷)im not sure _who_ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere 解析：考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定谁更害怕，我还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句，空格处表示“谁”，故用who。6(全国)as natural architects, the

23、 pueblo indians figured out exactly _how_ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days解析：分析句子结构可知，这是一个宾语从句。根据形容词thick及结构可知，这里的意思是印第安人算出土坯墙的确切厚度。空格后为形容词，因此空格上应用副词。故填how。7(广东)we were told that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week, but for the week after i didnt underst

24、and _why_ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation解析：分析句子结构可知，此处为宾语从句。由语境可知，此处意为：我不明白为什么会发生这样的事。故填why。8(广东)the new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered _what_ the boy would do解析：所填词引导宾语从句，同时在从句中作do的宾语。故填what。9(2019全国

25、卷)while they are rare north of 88，there is evidence _that_ they range all the way across the arctic，and as far south as james bay in canada 解析：考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容。故填that。10(2019江苏卷)scientists have obtained more evidence _that_ plastic is finding its wa

26、y into the human body解析：考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，且与evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1(全国卷)my uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that i live_thatwhere_解析：由句子结构可知，介词to之后为宾语从句，而宾语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。2(全国卷)after looking at the toy for some time, he turned around a

27、nd found where his parents were missing_wherethat或去掉where_解析：句意为：他转过身发现父母不见了。由句意可知，宾语从句句意完整且不缺少成分，所以应该用that引导从句或省略。3(四川)if you notice that when someone is missing or hurt, tell your teacher immediately_去掉when_解析：that 后为陈述式的宾语从句。作notice的宾语，从句意义完整且不缺成分，因此when是多余的，应删除。4(2018全国卷)the games my parents tau

28、ght me where i was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life_wherewhen_解析：考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：当我是个孩子的时候我父母教给我的纸牌游戏在我日后的生活中证明非常有用。宾语从句连接词并不是表示地点状语，而是时间状语。故把where改为when。5(大纲全国)this is how i need to improve in the future_howwhat/where_解析：improve既可以作及物动词又可以作不及物动词，故可以为“我需要提高的地方(where)”，也可以为“我需要提高的内

29、容(what)”。6(辽宁)“he has ruined his health we are worried about him” that is which other teachers say_whichwhat_解析：what作say的宾语，指其他老师说话的内容。语法填空 i am going to tell you an unbelievable thing that happened in my restaurant today this afternoon a poorly-dressed gentleman came into my restaurant nobody knew

30、_1who_ he was we wondered _2why_ he was so hungry we were surprised _3that_ he finished two orders of food in a very limited time we doubted _4whether/if_ the man was able to pay the bill the gentleman asked _5whether/if_ we would mind waiting for just a few minutes then we were shocked to see _6tha

31、t_ he took out of a million pound bank note i asked mr clements _7whether/if_ it was genuine mr clements said it was true because two of this amount had been issued by the bank of england this year he thought _8what_ the gentleman showed them couldnt be a false _9why_ a gentleman with a million poun

32、d bank note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there i really couldnt describe _10how_ excited i was文章大意：本文主要讲述了一位衣衫褴褛的人走进一家餐馆，在非常有限的时间完成了两份食物。当人们怀疑这个人是否付得起食物的钱时，他拿出了一张百万英镑的钞票。clements先生说这个面额的两张钞票是今年英国银行发行的，这一张不可能是假的。解析：1句意：没有人知道他是谁。who引导宾语从句，且在从句中作表语。故根据句

33、意和语法结构填who。2句意：我们想知道为什么他这么饿。why引导宾语从句，在从句中作状语。故填why。3此宾语从句意义完整，从句中也不缺成分，故用that引导。4通常在否定句和疑问句中doubt后接从句时用that引导，而在肯定句中doubt后用whether或if引导。故填whether/if。5根据语境此用whether/if“是否”引导宾语从句。故填whether/if。6see后的宾语从句中句子结构完整，故用that引导。7根据语境，此应用whether/if“是否”引导宾语从句。故填whether/if。8show后接双宾语show sb sth，用what作其宾语，同时又引导主语

34、从句。故填what“东西/事情”。9根据下文的a big puzzle的暗示，此处应填引导主语从句的why。10句意：我真的不能描述我有多激动。此how为引导宾语从句的连接副词，其作状语修饰形容词excited。故填how。短文改错i am so glad you can visit me in london knowing that youve never travel outside of asia，id tell you a bit about you can expect to find when i first arrived, i found that london is such

35、 a international city there are many chinese restaurants, so british people hardly eat chinese food for breakfast most of them get used to bacon or egg with a few slices of toast tipping always puzzles me if you want to avoid to getting confused, you should always leave 10% of the bill to the servic

36、e besides，its very difficult for our chinese to understand british humour so dont be surprised when you dont think anything is funny the majority of british people is friendly anyway, i am so looking forward to your visit there答案：i am so glad you can visit me in london knowing that youve never outsi

37、de of asia，id tell you a bit about you can expect to find when i first arrived, i found that london is such international city there are many chinese restaurants, british people hardly eat chinese food for breakfast most of them get used to bacon or with a few slices of toast tipping always puzzles me if you want to avoid to getting confused, you sho