2022版高考英语一轮复习 第2部分 人与社会 主题群4 科学与技术 主题语境1 社会进步与人类文明教案

1、2022版高考英语一轮复习 第2部分 人与社会 主题群4 科学与技术 主题语境1 社会进步与人类文明教案2022版高考英语一轮复习 第2部分 人与社会 主题群4 科学与技术 主题语境1 社会进步与人类文明教案年级：姓名：主题群四科学与技术主题语境(一)社会进步与人类文明阅读理解a(2020天津5月卷d)studying a subject that you feel pointless is never a fun or easy task.if youre studying history，asking yourself the question “why is history import

2、ant” is a very good first step.history is an essential part of human civilization.you will find something here that will arouse your interest，or get you thinking about the significance of history.history grounds us in our roots. history is an important and interesting field of study，and learning the

3、 history of our home country can give us a deeper，more meaningful glimpse (一瞥) into our ancestral pasts，and how we got to where we are today.many people feel like they need a sense of cultural belonging，which is something that studying your roots and being openminded to the evolution of your culture

4、 can provide.history enriches our experience. reading history is an amazing experience because it enables us to reflect on the social and economic life of the people living long time ago.according to the experts，problems faced by people regardless of the past and present are the same.with the inform

5、ation about the ancestors, one can become more experienced in handling challenges of life.history makes us more empathetic (具有共情能力的)studying history can give us insight (洞察力) into why our culture does certain things，and how the past has shaped it into what we know now.it also provides a rather stron

6、g foundation for empathy across cultures.fear and hate for others is usually caused by ignorance (无知)were scared of the things that we dont understand.history has the potential to break down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.history can

7、inspire us to learn more. whats fantastic about history is the way it broadens our horizons.its almost impossible to learn about one historical period without having dozens of questions about related concepts.study the 19th century england，and you might catch a glimpse of charles dickens oliver twis

8、t.look up charles dickens，and you might learn a thing or two about realism.or maybe you end up switching your attention away from novels，and discover the history of romantic poets in england.it can go anywhere，and there is something in there for absolutely anybody.the value of history cannot be unde

9、restimated.we dont have to live in the past，but we can definitely do better by learning from it and using the lessons learnt to lead more meaningful lives.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，讨论了历史的意义以及学习历史的重要性。1the underlined part “where we are today” in para.2 probably means _.athe turning point in our historybthe pres

10、ent state of our nationcthe location of our homelanddthe total area of our countryb句意理解题。根据画线部分所在句“history is an important.learning the history of our home country can give us a deeper，more meaningful glimpse (一瞥) into our ancestral pasts，and how we got to where we are today.”可知，作者意在表达学习祖国的历史可以让我们更深

11、入、更有意义地了解我们祖先的过去，以及我们是如何到达现在的状态的，故“where we are today”指的是我们国家现在的状态，故b项正确。2according to the experts，why is history useful for people to handle challenges of life?athe problems at present are similar to those in the past.bancient people laid economic foundations for people today.cthe current challenge

12、s of life were predicted by the ancestors.dpeople living long time ago knew more about how to solve problems.a细节理解题。根据第三段中的“according to the experts，problems faced by people regardless of the past and present are the same.with the information about the ancestors，one can become more experienced in ha

13、ndling challenges of life.”可知，现在的人们面对的问题与过去的人们面对的问题是相同的，故现在的人们可以借鉴古人解决问题的方法，故a项正确。3what can be concluded from para.4?ait is difficult to get rid of cultural barriers.bpeople are willing to accept foreign cultures.ccultural conflicts in history are difficult to ignore.dhistory helps us improve our cr

14、osscultural awareness.d细节理解题。根据第四段中的“it also provides a rather strong foundation for empathy across cultures.”“history has the potential to break down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.”可知，学习历史可以帮助我们了解其他的文化，提升我们的跨文化意识，故d项正确。4with the exa

15、mple in para.5，the writer intends to show that _.acharles dickens contributes much to british literatureboliver twist can satisfy our curiosity about romantic poetscreading novels is a way to learn about a historical perioddstudying history can arouse peoples interest in other fieldsd推理判断题。根据第五段主题句“

16、history can inspire us to learn more.” 以及所举例子的内容可知，当学习十九世纪的英国历史时，你可能会看到查尔斯狄更斯的小说雾都孤儿。当查阅有关查尔斯狄更斯的信息时，你可能会学到一些关于现实主义的东西。或者你可能最终会把注意力从小说上移开，了解到浪漫主义诗人的历史。由此可推知，作者举例是为了说明学习历史可以引起人们对其他领域的兴趣，故d项正确。5what could be the best title for the passage?ahow to build cultural identitybwhy studying history mattersckn

17、ow the past，know the presentdhistory：a way to broaden ones horizonsb标题判断题。根据第一段中的“if youre studying history，asking yourself the question why is history important is a very good first step.history is an essential part of human civilization.”可知，作者开篇提出“历史为何重要”的问题，之后从四个方面(第二至五段)来回答这一问题；最后一段中的“the value

18、of history cannot be underestimated.”呼应主题，强调历史的价值不可被低估。综上所述，文章意在向读者说明学习历史为何重要，故b项作文章标题最佳。b(2020浙江7月卷b)the traffic signals along factoria boulevard in bellevue，washington，generally dont flash the same length of green twice in a row，especially at rush hour.at 9：30 am，the full red/yellow/green signal c

19、ycle might be 140 seconds.by 9：33 am，a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds.less traffic at 9：37 am could push it down to 135.just like the traffic itself，the timing of the signals changes.that is by design.bellevue，a fastgrowing city just east of seattle，uses a system that is ga

20、ining popularity around the us：intersection(十字路口)signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions.these lights，known as adaptive signals，have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.“adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand th

21、at is there is being addressed，”says alex stevanovic，a researcher at florida atlantic university.for all of bellevues success，adaptive signals are not a cureall for jammed roadways. kevin balke，a research engineer at the texas a&m university transportation institute，says that while smart lights can

22、be particularly beneficial for some cities，others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference.“its not going to fix everything，but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller cities，”he says.in bellevue，the switch to adaptive sign

23、als has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches.in the past，there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic：just widen the roads，says mark poch，the bellevue transportation departments traffic engineering manager.now he hopes that other cities will consider making their stre

24、ets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了美国的一种可调节式的交通信号灯。6what does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?aincreased length of green lights.bshortened traffic signal cycle.cflexible timing of traffic signals.dsmooth traffic flow on the road.c代词指代题。根据文章第一段中的“the tr

25、affic signals.by 9：33 am，a burst of.less traffic at 9：37 am.changes”可以推知，that指代第一段中的多变的交通信号灯时间，故选c项。7what does kevin balke say about adaptive signals?athey work better on broad roads.bthey should be used in other cities.cthey have greatly reduced traffic on the road.dthey are less helpful in cities

26、seriously jammed.d细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“others are so jammed that only.its not going to fix everything，but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller cities”可知，kevin balke认为可调节式的交通信号灯对小城市的交通改善是有用的，但对交通极度拥堵的城市而言，作用并不是非常大，故选d项。8what can we learn from bellevues success?ait is rewarding to try new things

27、.bthe old methods still work today.cit pays to put theory into practice.dthe simplest way is the best way.a推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches”可推知，从bellevue装可调节式交通信号灯一事上不难发现，它的成功在于积极尝试新事物，故选a项。语法填空(2020浙江7月卷)some time after 10 00

28、0 bc，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 1._，through agriculture. over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 2._ could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.farming produced more food per person 3._ hu

29、nting and gathering，so people were able to raise more children. and，as more children were born，more food 4._(need)agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 5._ (change)lives.by about 6000 bc，people 6._(discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. later，they l

30、earned to work with the 7._ (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas，8._(make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.this style of farming lasted for quite a long time.then，with 9._ rise of science，changes began.new methods 10._ (mean)that fewer people worked in farming.in the

31、 last century or so，these changes have accelerated. new power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥) have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the stone age.【语篇解读】文章主要介绍了人类农业技术的发展。1in考查介词。live in是固定词组，表示“在地方生活”，故填in。2what考查名词性从句的引导词。根据语法结构可知，what引导宾语从句，作on的宾语。由于该宾语从句中缺少主语，同时空处表示“的

32、事物”，故填what。3than考查介词。根据上文的more food可知，此处是more.than.结构，表示“比多”。4was needed考查谓语动词的时态、语态。结合句意“出生的孩子越多，需要的粮食就越多”可知，more food与need构成被动关系，且文章的基本时态为一般过去时，故填was needed。5to change考查非谓语动词(不定式)。根据语境可知，“农业给了人们首次用技术的力量去改变生活的体验”，故接不定式作定语。6had discovered考查动词的时态。根据时间状语by about 6000 bc可知，句子谓语动词用过去完成时，故填had discovered

33、。7seasons考查名词的单复数。根据常识和语境可知，人们开始按照季节更替来种植庄稼，故填seasons。8making考查非谓语动词(现在分词)。结合and和上文的planting可知，此处应该填making与其并列。9the考查冠词。根据空后的rise of science可知，此处是名词的限定性修饰，语意表示“科学的兴起”，故填定冠词the，表示特指。10meant考查动词的时态和语态。结合句意可知，new methods与mean是主谓关系，同时文章的基本时态为一般过去时，故填meant。.写出所给单词的汉语意思1horizon n视野，眼界2romantic adj.浪漫的3abs

34、olutely adv.当然；绝对地4underestimate v低估5ancient adj.古老的6handle v处理7literature n文学8timing n计时9popularity n热度，流行10beneficial adj.有益的11switch n&v.开关12reaction n反应13manager n经理14agriculture n农业15accelerate v加速16artificial adj.人工的.根据所给汉语写出英文单词1dozen n. 一打2novel n. 小说3satisfy v使满足4traffic n交通5burst v迸发，爆发6ga

35、in v获得，赢得7demand v要求8hunt v打猎，寻找9raise v喂养，抚养.根据所给提示写出派生单词1civilize v使文明化civilization n文明2rich adj. 丰富的enrich v丰富3ignore v忽视ignorance n无知；忽视4realism n现实主义realist n现实主义者5conclude v总结conclusion n结论6contribute v贡献； 撰稿contribution n贡献7adjust v调整，适应adjustment n调整，适应8reduce v减少reduction n减少.根据所给汉语写出惯用习语1r

36、egardless_of尽管，不管2catch_a_glimpse_of瞥见3get_rid_of摆脱4instead_of替代，而不是5or_so大约即时演练单句语法填空1if i am lucky enough to win the election，the first thing i will do is to enrich(rich) our students afterclass activities.2she admitted to herself she didnt know how to_handle_(handle) the problem.3not only has you

37、r lecture left a deep impression on us but also broadened our horizons(horizon)4teenagers climbed dozens (dozen) of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless highrise buildings.5tom gained (gain) friendship and experience from the local residents, when he wor

38、ked with them.6to the satisfaction(satisfy) of the boss, his products could satisfy the needs of the customers.7mobile phones must be_switched (switch) off inside the castle in consideration of other visitors.8he advocated building more schools instead of shops in this area at the meeting held yeste

39、rday.9our club is open to everyone regardless of age, sex or educational background.10once you pick up some bad habits you may find it hard to get rid of them.熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思)1studying history can give us insight into why our culture does certain things， and how the past has 塑造2adaptive signals ca

40、n make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed.处理，解决3this style of farming lasted for quite a long time.持续.似易实难(将句中黑体词部分译成汉语)1history grounds us in our roots.译文历史能让我们找到自己的根。2history has the potential to break down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that

41、would otherwise be foreign to us.译文历史有可能打破那些界限，它让我们能洞察整个世界，否则我们对世界就会感觉非常陌生。.复杂晦涩(分析句子结构并译成汉语)1history is an important and interesting field of study, and learning the history of our home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse into our ancestral pasts, and how we got to where we are to

42、day.分析本句是and连接的并列句，第一个分句是history is an important and interesting field of study简单句，为主系表结构。第二个分句本身是复合句，主句是learning the history of our home country can give us a deeper.。our ancestral pasts和how we got to where we are today，都作介词into的宾语，where we are today是介词to的宾语从句。译文历史是一个重要而有趣的研究领域，学习祖国的历史可以让我们更深入、更有意义

43、地了解祖辈的过去以及我们是如何走到今天这个地步的。2many people feel like they need a sense of cultural belonging, which is something that studying your roots and being openminded to the evolution of your culture can provide.分析主句主谓部分是many people feel like。they need a sense of cultural belonging是宾语从句，which is something是定语从句修饰

44、a sense of cultural belonging, that也引导定语从句修饰something。译文很多人感觉他们需要一种文化归属感，这种归属感是研究自己的文化根源，对自己的文化发展持开明态度可提供的。3kevin balke, a research engineer at the texas a&m university transportation institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that on

45、ly a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference.分析主句主语是kevin balke, 谓语says，第一个that引导宾语从句，宾语从句中又包含了while引导的状语从句以及so.that.句型。在这个so.that句型中，that从句中的主语是a sharp reduction，谓语部分是will make a meaningful difference。译文凯文贝尔克是德州a&m交通学院的研究工程师，他说尽管智能交通灯对一些城市尤其有益，但另外一些城市交通拥堵

46、严重，只有大幅减少道路上的汽车数量才能真正起作用。1scare v使害怕 n惊恐(1)scare away/off吓跑give sb. a scare吓了某人一跳(2)scary adj.害怕的(3)scared adj.感到惊慌的be scared to try new things害怕尝试新东西be scared of heights恐高be scared of going out alone不敢一个人外出scare the cat away把猫吓跑了be scared to death吓死基础练习单句语法填空it was a scary story and children were s

47、cared after they heard it.(scare)after i heard the terrifying news, nothing could have stopped me from feeling scared (scare) to death.能力提升一句多译她不喜欢骑马，因为她怕被马踢。she didnt like riding，because she was scared to_be_kicked by the horse.(不定式)she didnt like riding，because she was scared of_being_kicked by th

48、e horse.(动名词)2. handle n把手 v处理；驾驶；拿(1)fly off the handle 大发雷霆(2)get a handle on sth.开始掌握某事turn a door handle转动门把手handle with care 小心轻放learn to handle stress学会应对压力基础练习单句语法填空not knowing what was wrong with his car，martin decided to ask an experienced man to_handle(handle) the problem.(2019浙江卷)however,

49、 when she hung up, she regretted the way she had_handled (handle) the call.能力提升一句多译由于这里无人知道机器故障出在哪里，我们必须找个工程师解决这个问题。as nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to_handle_the_problem.(handle)as nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an

50、 engineer to_deal_with_the_problem.(deal)3condition n条件，状况(1)out of condition 健康状况不佳/条件状况欠佳(2)on condition that 如果；在条件下；倘若on no condition 决不(3)under.conditions 在条件下(4)in good/poor condition 状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)working/living/studying conditions工作/生活/学习环境the economic condition of the country该国的经济状况基础练习单句语

51、法填空what i want you to realize is that everybody is likely to be in poor condition.on no condition should you lose heart when you are in trouble.it is many young peoples ambition to set up businesses that improve social conditions(condition)能力提升词汇升级普通表达：they agreed to lend us the car if we returned i

52、t before the weekend.高级表达：they agreed to lend us the car on_condition_that we returned it before the weekend.4benefit n利益；好处 vt.& vi.有益于；有助于；受益(1)benefit from/by 从中获益；得益于for the benefit of sb. for ones benefit为了某人的利益(2)beneficial adj.有益的；有利的be beneficial to .be of benefit to .对有益benefit a lot from t

53、his activity从这个活动中获益良多the benefits of modern medicine现代医学的裨益a benefit concert 慈善音乐会基础练习单句语法填空(2019北京卷)the students benefiting(benefit) most from college are those who are totally engaged in academic life, taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources.today we benefit from countless inv

54、entions and innovations.china has been pushing the reform of public hospitals for the benefit of all its citizens.walking is extremely beneficial(benefit) to your body shape.能力提升词汇升级/句式升级普通表达：it has been two weeks since you came to our school for the exchange program，and it is good to all of us. 高级表

55、达：it has been two weeks since you came to our school for the exchange program，and it is of_benefit_to all of us. 高级表达：it has been two weeks since you came to our school for the exchange program，which_is_of_benefit_to_all_of_us.(非限制性定语从句)5raise v举起；提出；抚养；饲养；筹集(1)raise是及物动词，词义较多，根义为“抬升”，基于所跟的对象不同，以及用于

56、不同场景而具有不同的含义。(2)rise是不及物动词，表示“升起”；arise是不及物动词，表示“出现”； arouse是及物动词，表示“唤醒”。raise public awareness about environmental protection提升公众的环保意识raise doubts about.引起对的怀疑develop/raise an awareness of.培养/提高的意识 基础练习单句语法填空the purpose, though, would be not just to_raise (raise) revenue but to change behavior.not only does exercise improve our health but also it makes us cheerful and raises (raise) our learning efficiency.能力提升句式升级普通表达：he was brought up in a poor family. he found