重庆市职称英语D级试题及答案

1、一、阅读下面的短文，每一篇中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章内容选择 5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。每个试题计2分,共计10分what we take from and give to the seaas long as we have been on earth，we have used the sea around us.we take from the ocean，and we give to it.we take fishes from the ocean-millions of kilograms of fish，every year，to feed

2、millions of people._(1)_we take minerals from the ocean.one way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates._(2)_ much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea，too1.but the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation.other gifts from the s

3、ea are pearls，sponges and seaweed.pearls become jewelry._(3)_seaweed becomes food of many kinds-even candy，and ice cream-as well as medicine.believe it or not，fresh water is another girl from the sea.we cannot drink ocean water._(4)_but ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed.in t

4、he future，we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea.the sea gives us food，fertilizer，minerals，water，and other gifts.what do we give the sea?garbage._(5)_huge as it is，the ocean cannot hold all the water that we pour into it.dumping garbage into the ocean is killing o

5、ff sea life2.yet as the world population grows，we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever.we are finally learning that if we destroy our seas，we might also destroy ourselves.hopefully，it is not too late.词汇：fertilizer/5fe:tilaize/n.化肥 evaporate/i5vapreit/v.蒸发sponge/sprndv/n.海绵 seaweed/5si:wi:d/

6、n.海草garbage/5b:beidv/n.垃圾练习：a.natural sponges become cleaning aids.b.we pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump.c.the area of the sea is becoming smaller and smaller.d.along with salt，other minerals are left after evaporation.e.we even use their bones for fertilizer.f.some of its contents

7、 may cause illness.答案与题解：1.e 前面一句讲了我们从大海捕捉大量的鱼供人们食用，这句接着说讲“甚至连鱼的骨头也被用来做化肥”。even这个词在这里清楚地表示了这两句话的关系。2.d 这句话的前一句讲的是我们可以通过水的蒸发从海水中得到一种矿物质一盐，这句话则说除了盐之外，水蒸发以后还有别的矿物质留下来。3.a 前面讲到除了矿物质外，大海还给了我们珍珠、海绵和海草这三样东西。接着作者分别用一句话来说明每一样东西的用途。先讲了珍珠，最后讲的是海草，所以这中间的一句应该是讲海绵的用途了。4.f 前一句话说了我们不能喝海水，这句话解释了为什么不能喝，很自然。5.b 前面一句话用

8、garbage一个单词有力地回答了“我们给予大海什么”这个带有自责的问题，这句话则是对这个简单回答的具体解释。二、第一篇 telling tales about peopleone of the most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is stories about peoples lives. these stories fall into three general categories: autobiography, memoir, and biography.an autobio

9、graphy is the story of a persons life written by himself or herself. often it begins with the persons earliest recollections and ends in the present. autobiography writers may not be entirely objective in the way they present themselves. however, they offer the reader a good look at the way they are

10、 and what makes them that way. people as diverse as benjarmin franklin and helen keller have written autobiographies. 1other writers, such as james joyce，have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives. these are not autobiographies，but they are very close to it.memoirs, strictly speaking,

11、 are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. 2memoir writers typically use these events as backdrops for their lives. they describe them in detail and discuss their importance. recently，though，the term memoir seems to be becoming intercha

12、ngeab1e with autobiography. a memoir nowadays may or may not deal with the outside world.biographies are factual accounts of someone elses life. in many senses，these may be the hardest of the three types to write. autobiography writers know the events they write about because they lived them. but bi

13、ography writers have to gather information from as many different sources as possible. then they have to decide which facts to include. their goal is to present a balanced picture of a person，not one that is overly positive or too critical. a fair well-presented biography may take years to research

14、and write.词汇：backdrop /bk,drp/ n. 背景 interchangeable /int tendbl/ adj. 可转换的注释：1. people as diverse as benjamin franklin and helen keller have written autobiographies. 就像本杰明富兰克林和海伦凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。2. memoirs，strictly speaking，are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the tim

15、es as on the life of the author. 严格意义上来讲，回忆录是既注重作者本身的生活经历，也注重其所处的时代所发生的事件的自传性的描述。练习：1. this passage is mostly about _.a. the characteristics of autobiographies，memoirs，and biographiesb. famous autobiographiesc. why biography can be difficult to writed. differences between autobiographies and memoirs

16、2. helen keller wrote_.a. a memoirb. an autobiographyc. a work of fictiond. a biography3. autobiography writers are not always objective because they_.a. feel they have to make up details to make their books sellb. constantly compete with biography writersc. want to present themselves in a good ligh

17、td. have trouble remembering the good times4. the writer introduces each category in the passage by_.a. defining itb. giving an examplec. explaining why it is hard to writed. telling when people first began writing it5. diverse means_.a. able to swim in deep waterb. similar or alikec. varied or diff

18、erentd. enjoying poetry答案与题解：1. a 本题问的是：这篇文章主要是关于?文章第一句说到最普遍的非小说类文学作品类型之一就是一些来描述人们生活的故事，这些故事大致分为三类：自传回忆录和传记。然后通篇对这三种类型进行了介绍，因此a是正确答案。2. b 本题问的是：海伦凯勒谢了什么?第二段第5句话写到：就像本明杰富兰克林和 海伦凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。因此b是正确答案。3. c本题问的是：自传作者通常不太客观，因为他们?第二段提到：他们给读者提供了一个途径来了解自己比较好的行事风格，因此答案是c，他们想展示自己好的一面。4. a本题问的是：本文的作者通过何种

19、方式介绍每种类型的非小说文学作品?答案是a，通过给每个类型进行定义。5. c本题问的是：diverse 的意思是?其汉语意思为“多种多样的”，因此c正确。三、moderate earthquake strikes england a moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast england on 28 april 2007，toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents from their beds. several thousand people were left without p

20、ower1 in kent county. one woman suffered minor head and neck injuries. lt felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride,3 said the woman. the british geological survey said the 4.3-magnitude quake4 struck at 8:19 a.m. and was centered under the english channel5，about 8.5 mile

21、s south of dover6 and near the entrance to the channel tunnel7. witnesses said cracks appeared in walls and chimneys collapsed across the county. residents said the tremor had lasted for about 10 to 15 seconds. i was lying in bed and it felt as if someone had just got up from bed next to me. said he

22、ndrick van eck，27，of canterbury8 about 60 miles southeast of london.i then heard the sound of cracking，and it was getting heavier and heavier9.it felt as if someone was at the end of my bed hopping up and down. there are thousands of moderate quakes on this scale around the world each year，but they

23、are rare in britain. the april 28 quake was the strongest in britain since 2002 when a 4.8-magnitude quake struck the central england city of birmingham10. the countrys strongest earthquake took place in the north sea in 1931，measuring 6.1 on the richter scale11. british geological survey scientist

24、roger musson said the quake took place on 28 april in an area that had seen several of the biggest erthquakes ever to strike britain，including one in 1580 that caused damage in london and was felt in france.12 musson predicted that it was only a matter of time13 before another earthquake struck this

25、 part of england. however，people should not be scared too much by this prediction，musson said，as the modern earthquake warning system of britain should be able to detect a forthcoming quake and announce it several hours before it takes place. this would allow time for people to evacuate and reduce d

26、amage to the minimum. 词汇: moderate adj. 中等的 magnitude /mgnitju:d/ n. 值，强度量 topple v. 倾倒，震倒 rouse /ravz/ v. 唤醒 tremor n.震动 hop v. 齐足跳起 fun-fair n. 公共露天游乐场 scale /skeil/ n. 震级 forthcoming adj. 即将来临的 evacuate /ivkjveit / v. 疏散 geological adj. 地质的 注释: 1. power:电力 2. kent county:肯特郡位于英格兰东南部 3.it felt as

27、if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride. 它(地震)给人的感觉是 整幢房子就像游乐场的滑行机一样在滑动.ride是游乐场供人玩乐的乘坐式的活动装置。as if 是好像一样；仿佛，例如:he treated me as if i were his son. 他待我如同待他的儿子一样。 4. the.4.3-magnitude quake:里氏4.3级地震 5. english channel:英吉利海峡 6. dover:多佛尔英格兰东南部港口城市 7. channel tunnel:海峡隧道。channel t

28、unnel (常简称为chunnel)是连接英法两国的海峡隧道。 8. canterbury:坎特伯雷英格兰东南部城市，中世纪时曾是宗教朝圣圣地 9. it was getting heavier and heavier:爆裂声越来越响 10. birmingham:伯明翰英格兰中部城市 11. the richter scale:里氏震级表。美国地震学家 charles francis richter (1900-1985)于1935年制定了地震震级表。 12. british geological survey scientist roger musson said the quake t

29、ook place on 28 april in an area that had seen several of the biggest earthquakes ever to strike britain，including one in1580 that caused damage in london and was felt in france.英国地质勘测所的科学家 roger musson 说，4月28日发生地震的地区曾经遭受过几起英国最大的地震，其中的一次发生在1580年，那次地震蹂躏了伦敦，并波及法国。 13. a matter of time:时间问题。又如: its not

30、 a matter of money. 这个不是钱的问题。 练习: 1. during the april 28 earthquake，the whole england was left without power. a right b wrong c not mentioned 2. the channel tunnel was closed for 10 hours after the earthquake occurred. a right b wrong c not mentioned 3. it was reported that one lady had got her head

31、 and neck injured，but not seriously. a right b wrong c not mentioned 4. france and several other european countries sent their medical teams to work side by side with the british doctors. a right b wrong c not mentioned 5. the countrys strongest earthquake took place in london in 1580. a right b wro

32、ng c not mentioned 6. musson predicted that another earthquake would occur in southeast england sooner or later. a right b wrong c not mentioned 7. it can be inferred from the passage that england is rarely hit by high magnitude earthquakes. a right b wrong c not mentioned 答案与题解: 1. b 题句说2007年4月28日的

33、地震致使全英格兰都停电，与短文第一段第一句表达的内容不符。短文说地震殃及英格兰东南部的肯特郡部分地区，电力中断，几千名居民无电可用。所以，题句是错误的，答案为b。 2. c 本题所说的意思是:地震发生后，海峡隧道关闭了10小时。题句表达的内容短文中找不到，故答案为c。 3. a 题句的意思是:地震中一个妇女的头部和颈部受了点轻伤。题句表达的意思与第一段最后一句表达的内容相符。所以选项a是答案。 4. c 题句表达的意思是:法国和其他几个欧洲国家派遣他们的医疗队去英国与当地的医生并肩工作。这一内容短文中找不到，故答案为c。 5. b 题句所说的英国最强烈的地震于1580年发生在伦敦，这与短文表述

34、的事实不符。短文第七段第一句明白无误地说，英国最强烈的地震于1931年发生在北海。题句表达的信息是错误的，故答案为b。 6. a 题句说masson预言在英格兰东南部迟早将发生另一次地震。这一说法与短文最后一段第三句所表达的意思相符。所以答案是a。 7. a 短文第六段第一句说，全球每年发生强度为里氏4级左右的地震有几千次，但是这种中等强度的地震在英格兰很少发生。据此，读者可以容易地推断出，高震级的地震在英格兰就更少见了。四、下面这篇短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把a涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把b涂黑；如果该句的

35、信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把c涂黑。 smokingsince 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard.the trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk.research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt th

36、at tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body

37、.male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males.female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.apart from statistics,it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco does to the human body.smoke is a mix

38、ture of gases,vaporized chemicals,minute particles of ash and other solids.there is also nicotine,which is powerful poison,and black tar.as smoke is breathed in，all those components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs.one point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides.most

39、 lung cancer begins at this point.filters and low tar tobacco2 are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.词汇：vaporize v.(使)蒸发membrane n.膜filter n.过滤嘴nicotine n.尼古丁bronchus n.支气管注释： 1.life expectancy：预期寿命2.low tar tobacco：焦油含量低的烟草练习：

40、1. it is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous.a.right b.wrong c.not mentioned2. smoking reduces ones life expectancy.a.right b. wrong c.not mentioned3. smoking may induce lung cancer.a.right b.wrong c.not mentioned4. there is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer.a.right b

41、.wrong c.not mentioned5. male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokersa.right b.wrong c.not mentioned6. nicotine is poisonous.恒星英语论坛a.right b.wrong c.not mentioned7. filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safe.a.right b.wrong c.not mentioned from: 答案：1.b 2.a 3.a 4.c 5

42、.b 6.a 7.b from: 五、the development of ballet ballet is a dance form that has a long history. the fact that it survives to this day shows that it has adjusted as times have changed. ballet began in the royal courts during the renaissance. at that time it became common for kings and queens，as well as

43、other nobility，to participate in pageants that included music，poetry， and dance. as these entertainments moved from the italian courts to the french ones，court ladies began participating in them. though their long dresses prevented much movement，they were able to perform elaborate walking patterns.

44、it was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts，changed to flat shoes，and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men. it was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. king louis xiv of france，himself a devoted dancer，founded the royal academy of dance. the

45、five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. in the late 1700s another important change occurred. ballet began to tell a story on its own. it was no longer simply dance to be performed between acts of plays. elaborate wigs and costumes were eliminated. by the early 180

46、0s dancers learned to rise on their toes to make it appear that they were floating. classical ballet as we know it today was influenced primarily by russian dancing. the russians remained interested in ballet when it declined in other european countries in the mid -1800s. one of the most influential

47、 figures of the early 20th century was sergei diaghilev. his dance company，the ballets russes，brought a new energy and excitement to ballet. one of his chief assistants，george balanchine，went on to found the new york city ballet in 1948 and to influence new generations of dancers. 词汇: adjust / ? d?s

48、t/v. 调整 eliminate /ilimineit/ v. 淘汰 pageant / pd? ?nt / n. 盛会 influential / influen?l/adj. 有影响力的 注释: 1. at that time it became common for kings and queens，as well as other nobility，to participate in pageants that included music，poetry，and dance. 在那时，芭蕾舞在国王、王后以及贵族之间变得普遍，并且与音乐、诗歌以及舞蹈一起参与到盛会的表演。 2. it

49、was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts，changed to flat shoes，and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men. 直到17世纪女舞者缩短了她们的裙子，改穿平底鞋，并且通过男舞者的帮助开始做一些跳跃和转圈动作。 3. the five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. 由此正式确定了 脚的5个基本位置，这

50、5个外开的位置成为发展芭蕾舞技术的基础。 练习: 1. this passage deals mainly with _. a) famous names in ballet b) french versus russian ballet c) the way ballet developed d) why ballet is no longer popular 2. an important influence in early ballet was_. a) balanchine b) marie antoinette c) diaghilev d) louis xiv 3. you ca

51、n conclude from this passage that ballet_. a) is a dying art b) will continue to change as new people and ideas influence it c) is only currently performed in russia and the united states d) is often performed by dancers with little training 4. the information in this passage is presented_. a) throu

52、gh the story of one dancer b) by describing various positions and steps c) by listing reasons why ballet has succeeded d) in chronological order 5. the word pageants means_. a) dances b) instructors c) kings d) elaborate shows 答案与题解: 1. c 本题问的是:这篇文章主要讲述的是，a、b、d 选项都是文章的一部分，而本文主要讲的就是芭蕾舞的发展，因此 c 是正确答案。

53、 2. d 本题问的是:对于早期芭蕾舞最重要的影响是，本文第三段提到“在 17 世纪，专业的芭蕾舞蹈团应运而生”“法国国王路易十四建立了皇家舞蹈学院”，因此 d 是正确答案。 3. b 本题问的是:从这篇文章你可以总结出芭蕾，a 、c、d 选项在文中没有提到，结合本文最后一段可以看出 b 选项是正确的，芭蕾将随着新的人物和新的想法而改变。 4. d 本题问的是:本文的信息是通过何种方式介绍的。本文从芭蕾舞的起源开始一直介绍到 芭蕾舞的现况，因此选择 d，按照时间前后的顺序。 5. d 本题问的是:单词 pageant 的汉语意思是什么，正确答案是 d ，盛大的表演。六、the changing

54、 middle class the united states perceives itself to be a middle-class nation. however，middle class is not a real designation，nor does it carry privileges.1 it is more of a perception，which probably was as true as it ever could be right after world war ii. the economy was growing，more and more people

55、 owned their own homes，workers had solid contracts with the companies that employed them，and nearly everyone who wanted a higher education could have one. successful people enjoyed upward social mobility. they may have started out poor，but they could become rich. successful people also found that th

56、ey had greater geographic mobility. in other words，they found themselves moving to and living in a variety of places. the middle class collectively holds several values and principles. one strong value is the need to earn enough money to feel that one can determine ones own economic fate. in addition，middle class morality embraces principles of individual responsibility，importance of family, obligations to others，and believing in something outside oneself. 2 but in the 1990s those in the middle class found that there was a price for success. a u. s.news