医学教学课件：糖尿病

1、 Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects over 150 million people in the world today. The percentage of people suffering from diabetes is increasing rapidly. To the point where many medical authorities are referring to it as an epidemic. Diabetes prevents your body from turning your food into en

2、ergy, instead glucose stays in your bloodstream. and left untreated can result in a range of complications. 糖尿病是一种慢性疾病。如今，将近糖尿病是一种慢性疾病。如今，将近1.5亿人都亿人都 深受其害。同时，患糖尿病的比率也在迅速增深受其害。同时，患糖尿病的比率也在迅速增 大，以至于许多医学机构称它为流行疾病。糖大，以至于许多医学机构称它为流行疾病。糖 尿病不是让体内的葡糖糖留在血液中，而是阻尿病不是让体内的葡糖糖留在血液中，而是阻 止人体内环境将食物转化为能量。如不及时治止人体内环境将

3、食物转化为能量。如不及时治 疗，将会导致一系列的并发症。疗，将会导致一系列的并发症。 It describes a group of metabolic diseases in which the person has high blood glucose (blood sugar), either because insulin production is inadequate, or because the bodys cells do not respond properly to insulin, or both. Patients with high blood sugar will

4、 typically experience frequent urination, they will become increasingly thirsty and hungry. 糖尿病是由于血液中胰岛素绝对或相对不足，或是细糖尿病是由于血液中胰岛素绝对或相对不足，或是细 胞与胰岛素亲和力不足（胰岛功能下降），（或两种胞与胰岛素亲和力不足（胰岛功能下降），（或两种 因素同时存在），导致血糖过高（出现糖尿），进而因素同时存在），导致血糖过高（出现糖尿），进而 引起脂肪和蛋白质代谢紊乱。引起脂肪和蛋白质代谢紊乱。 临床上可出现多尿、烦渴、多饮、多食，消瘦等症状。临床上可出现多尿、烦渴、多饮、多

5、食，消瘦等症状。 What Is Diabetes? 什么是糖尿病什么是糖尿病 Metabolism refers to the way our bodies use digested food for energy and growth. 生物体内物质和能量的转变过程叫做新陈代谢。生物体内物质和能量的转变过程叫做新陈代谢。 Most of what we eat is broken down into glucose. Glucose is a form of sugar in the blood - it is the principal source of fuel for our bo

6、dies. 我们吃的大部分食物会被分解成葡萄糖（在细胞线粒我们吃的大部分食物会被分解成葡萄糖（在细胞线粒 体），葡萄糖是存在血液中的一种糖，它是我们身体内体），葡萄糖是存在血液中的一种糖，它是我们身体内 主要能量来源。主要能量来源。 What is Metabolism ? 什么是新陈代谢 When our food is digested, the glucose makes its way into our bloodstream. Our cells use the glucose for energy and growth. 当食物被消化后，葡萄糖就会进入血液中（由血液运输当食物被消化

7、后，葡萄糖就会进入血液中（由血液运输 到全身），细胞利用葡萄糖作为增长能量到全身），细胞利用葡萄糖作为增长能量。 However, glucose cannot enter our cells without insulin being present - insulin makes it possible for our cells to take in the glucose. Insulin is a hormone that is produced by the pancreas. 然而，如果没有胰岛素，葡萄糖就不能进入细胞然而，如果没有胰岛素，葡萄糖就不能进入细胞胰胰 岛素的存在是让

8、葡萄糖进入细胞中（在细胞的线粒体与岛素的存在是让葡萄糖进入细胞中（在细胞的线粒体与 氧气结合，生成能量）。胰岛素是由胰腺分泌的一种激氧气结合，生成能量）。胰岛素是由胰腺分泌的一种激 素。素。 After eating, the pancreas automatically releases an adequate quantity of insulin to move the glucose present in our blood into the cells, as soon as glucose enters the cells blood-glucose levels drop. 饭后

9、，胰腺自动释放足量的胰岛素后饭后，胰腺自动释放足量的胰岛素后以降低血糖（血以降低血糖（血 液中葡萄糖的浓度），血液中的葡萄糖进入细胞。液中葡萄糖的浓度），血液中的葡萄糖进入细胞。 A person with diabetes has a condition in which the quantity of glucose in the blood is too elevated (hyperglycemia). 糖尿病患者其中一个症状就是中血液葡萄糖含量过高（高糖尿病患者其中一个症状就是中血液葡萄糖含量过高（高 血糖）。血糖）。 This is because the body either

10、does not produce enough insulin, produces no insulin, or has cells that do not respond properly to the insulin the pancreas produces. 这是因为身体既没有产生（足量的）胰岛素，细胞也对胰这是因为身体既没有产生（足量的）胰岛素，细胞也对胰 岛产生的胰岛素没有亲和力（即胰岛功能下降）。岛产生的胰岛素没有亲和力（即胰岛功能下降）。 This results in too much glucose building up in the blood. 这就会导致过多的葡萄糖

11、在血液中积累。这就会导致过多的葡萄糖在血液中积累。 This excess blood glucose eventually passes out of the body in urine. 多余的血糖最终会随尿液排出体外多余的血糖最终会随尿液排出体外 So, even though the blood has plenty of glucose, the cells are not getting it for their essential energy and growth requirements. 所以，即使血液中有足量的葡萄糖，细胞也不所以，即使血液中有足量的葡萄糖，细胞也不 能得

12、到基本能量和增长的需求。能得到基本能量和增长的需求。 There are three types of diabetes 糖尿糖尿 病分成病分成3种种 1.Type 1 Diabetes 一型糖尿病一型糖尿病 2.Type 2 Diabetes 二型糖尿病二型糖尿病 3.Gestational Diabetes 孕期糖尿病孕期糖尿病 The body does not produce insulin. Some people may refer to this type as insulin-dependent diabetes, juvenile diabetes, or early-ons

13、et diabetes. People usually develop type 1 diabetes before their 40th year, often in early adulthood or teenage years. 一型糖尿病患者体内并不会产生胰岛素。有些一型糖尿病患者体内并不会产生胰岛素。有些 人把一型糖尿病称为胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（青人把一型糖尿病称为胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（青 少年糖尿病少年糖尿病/早发性糖尿病）。一般早发性糖尿病）。一般40岁前较易岁前较易 患一型糖尿病，尤其成年早期或青少年时期。患一型糖尿病，尤其成年早期或青少年时期。 Type 1 Diabetes

14、一型糖尿病一型糖尿病 Type 1 diabetes is nowhere near as common as type 2 diabetes. Approximately 10% of all diabetes cases are type 1. 一型糖尿病远不及二型糖尿病普遍。只有近一型糖尿病远不及二型糖尿病普遍。只有近10% 的糖尿病患者属于一型糖尿病。的糖尿病患者属于一型糖尿病。 Patients with type 1 diabetes will need to take insulin injections for the rest of their life. They must

15、 also ensure proper blood-glucose levels by carrying out regular blood tests and following a special diet. 一型糖尿病患者需要注射胰岛素。同时他们还一型糖尿病患者需要注射胰岛素。同时他们还 必须定期验血并遵循特殊的饮食，以确保正常必须定期验血并遵循特殊的饮食，以确保正常 的血糖含量。的血糖含量。 A person with diabetes type 2 either: 二型糖尿二型糖尿 病患者病患者 Does not produce enough insulin. Or 体内既不能产生足

16、量的胰岛素体内既不能产生足量的胰岛素； Suffers from insulin resistance. This means that the insulin is not working properly. 也具有“胰岛素耐受”（不敏感），也就 是说胰岛功能不正常。 Type 2 diabetes 二型糖尿病二型糖尿病 The majority of people with Type 2 have developed the condition because they are overweight. Type 2 generally appears later on in life, c

17、ompared to Type 1. Type 2 is the most common form of diabetes. 二型糖尿病患者多数是因为过于肥胖。相对一型糖尿二型糖尿病患者多数是因为过于肥胖。相对一型糖尿 病，二型糖尿病是后天因素引起的。二型糖尿病是最病，二型糖尿病是后天因素引起的。二型糖尿病是最 普遍的糖尿病。普遍的糖尿病。 In the case of insulin resistance, the body is producing the insulin, but insulin sensitivity is reduced and it does not do the

18、job as well as it should do. The glucose is not entering the bodys cells properly. 对于胰岛素耐受，虽然体内能分泌胰岛素，但胰岛敏对于胰岛素耐受，虽然体内能分泌胰岛素，但胰岛敏 感度下降，功能也随之下降。所以葡萄糖就不能充分感度下降，功能也随之下降。所以葡萄糖就不能充分 地进入体内细胞地进入体内细胞。 A build-up of glucose in the blood. 葡萄糖在血液中积聚葡萄糖在血液中积聚。 The cells are not getting the glucose they need for

19、 energy and growth. 没有葡萄糖，细胞就不能得到基本能量和增长的没有葡萄糖，细胞就不能得到基本能量和增长的 需求。需求。 Causing two problems 随之而来的两大问题 “Excess abdominal fat is much more likely to bring on Type 2 Diabetes than excess fat under your skin 过多的腹部脂肪更易导致二型糖尿病，过多的腹部脂肪更易导致二型糖尿病， 而非转化成皮下脂肪。而非转化成皮下脂肪。 This type affects females during pregnanc

20、y. Some women have very high levels of glucose in their blood, and their bodies are unable to produce enough insulin to transport all of the glucose into their cells, resulting in progressively rising levels of glucose. 这类糖尿病影响着怀孕期间的女性。一些女性这类糖尿病影响着怀孕期间的女性。一些女性 在孕期血液中葡萄糖浓度过高，而同时体内不在孕期血液中葡萄糖浓度过高，而同时体内

21、不 能分泌足够的胰岛素，葡萄糖也就不能充分地能分泌足够的胰岛素，葡萄糖也就不能充分地 进入细胞，致使血糖逐渐升高。进入细胞，致使血糖逐渐升高。 Gestational Diabetes 孕期糖尿病孕期糖尿病 Blurry vision 视觉模糊视觉模糊 Excess thirst 烦渴烦渴 Fatigue 疲劳疲劳 Hunger Feeling hungry 饥饿、多食饥饿、多食 Urinating often Passing of urine many times 多尿多尿 Weight loss 体重下降体重下降 Sweeting taste in the mouth 感觉口中感觉口中 有

22、甜味有甜味 Symptoms 症状 Dryness of the throat 咽干 Heaviness and burning sensation in the limbs 四肢灼烧感 Too much sleep 过度睡眠 Itching in the genital organs 生殖器官瘙 痒 Obesity 过度肥胖 Mental tension 精神压力 Less physical exercise 缺少锻炼 Pancreas becoming inactive due to job of sitting 因长期久坐，引发胰腺功能下降(别长时间久坐 不动，否则，易胰管阻塞、胰管内压

23、突然增高 以及胰腺血液供应不足等原因引发急性胰腺 炎。) Overeating of sugar 食用过量糖类 Lack of vegetables in food 摄入蔬菜过少 Causes 病因 Regular practice of yoga does reduce blood sugar levels, the blood pressure, weight, the rate of progression to the complications, and the severity of the complications as well. 经常练习瑜伽不仅可以降低血糖、血压、体重，同

24、时经常练习瑜伽不仅可以降低血糖、血压、体重，同时 也可以降低并发症的概率，及并发症的严重程度。也可以降低并发症的概率，及并发症的严重程度。 Yoga activates the thyroid glands, massages the pancreas, stimulates nerve impulses to the pancreas and even affects the whole metabolism and provides healing energies of circulation. 瑜伽能激活甲状腺，按摩胰腺，瑜伽能激活甲状腺，按摩胰腺，刺激胰腺神经冲动，刺激胰腺神经冲动，

25、 同时瑜伽能影响体内新陈代谢，治愈能量循环系统同时瑜伽能影响体内新陈代谢，治愈能量循环系统。 Yoga and Diabetics 瑜伽与糖尿病瑜伽与糖尿病 Hence, beneficial in the treatment of diabetes. 因此，瑜伽有益于糖尿病的治疗。 Although, “Yoga” cannot cure diabetes, but it can complete the lifestyle changes which are necessary to keep the symptoms in diabetics under control. 尽管瑜伽不能治愈糖尿病，但是它对糖尿病患者相关 症状起着必要的作用。 It also helps in keeping the person in good health and well-being. Yoga can create a life that is full, happy, healthy and balanced. 同时瑜伽能够强身健体。它使我们的生活方式更加健 康完整、快乐和平衡。 If a person wants to lose weight, then in them yoga helps to bu