直接引语变间接引语的转换

1、直接引语变间接引语的转换：（一）如何变人称：口诀：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。、随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人 称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如：she said. my brother wants to go with me. f she said her brother wanted to go with her.匕随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人称所修饰。从句中 的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称。如：he said to kate. how

2、 is your sister now? ” f he asked kate how her sister was then.第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰,从句中的人称一般不需要变化。如：mr. smith said, “ jack is a good worker. f mr. smith said jack was a good worke（二）时态的变化如果引述动词为现在时态，间接引语的动词可以保持原来的时态。he says, “i have been writing a novel.he says that he has

3、been writing a novel.he says:thats all right.he says thats all right.如果引述动词为过去时态，间接引语中的时间就要往后推，即现在时间推至过去时间，过去时间推至 过去的过去，将来时间推至过去将来时间。具体变化见下表：直接引语时态间接引语时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时can/maycould/mightshe said:i am a student. she said （that） she was a stud

4、ent.（一般现在时变成一般过去时）she said： he will go to see his friendshe said he would go to see his friend.（一般将来时变成过去将来时）tom said:i am going to play basketball tomorrow. the teacher said, you are doing。您师说：你们干得很不错。”the teacher said we were doing ok.老师说我们干得很不错。（现在进行时变为过去进行时）she said, am reading a book.i asked he

5、r, where have you spent your holiday?她：你去哪里度假了 ？”i asked her where she had spent her holiday.我问她去哪里度假了。（现在完成时变为过去完成时）she said, i went to shanghai她说：我去过上海。”she said that she had gone to shanghai.她说她去过上海。（过去时变为过去完成时）he said, i had finished my work before 10 o 他说：cock点钟前就完成工作了。”he said that he had fini

6、shed his work before 1 0 o clock他说他在十点钟前就完成工作了。（过去完成时不变）注意以下几种情况：时态不变1 .直接引语是客观真理。the teacher said, the earth moves around the sun.the teacher said the earth moves around the sun.2 .直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。jack said:i was doing chores when tom came in.-jack said he was doing chores when tom came in.3 .直接引语中

7、有具体的过去的某年某月某日，变间接引语时，时态不变。jack said:i was born on april 21,1980jack said he was born on april 21,1980.4 .直接引语是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作时，变间接引语，时态不变。he said:i get up at six every morning.he said he gets up at six every morning.5 .如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式或已经是过去时的形式，不用变。the doctor said ,you should stay in bed

8、for 2 days.the doctor said i should stay in bed for 2 days.（三）如何变状语。时间状语由“现在”变为“原来”直接引语间接引语now现在then那时today今天that day那天this evening今晚that evening那天晚上yesterday昨天the day before 前 天yesterday morning昨天上午the morning before前 天上午ast night昨天晚上the night before前一 晚上two days ago的大前two days before两人前next week下周

9、the next week/the following week 第二周tomorrow明天the next day/the following day 第二天the day before yesterday 前大two days before两人前the day after tomorrow 后天in two days time/two days after 网 后地点状语here变为there“wd ll leave here tomorrow, ” 他绻aid.我们明天离开这里。”he said that they would leave there the next day.他说他们将

10、在第二天离开那里。指示代词由“此”变为“彼” ：thisthat, thesethosehe said:this book is mine.- he said that book was his.动词 come变成 go（四）如何变换句型1 .陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句，that可以省略。如：he said, “im happy：- he said（that） he was happy.2 .一般疑问句，反义疑问句，选择疑问句变为由if或whether引导的宾语从句，翻译成“是 否“ 如： he asked me, “does his father know mr green? ”-h

11、e asked me if his father knew mr green.3 .特殊疑问句变为由who, what, where, how 等疑问词（连接代词或连接副词）引导的宾语从 句，宾语从句必须用陈述语序。如：he asked me, “where is mr wang?-he asked me where mr wang was.（注： he asked me, which is the best? she asked me:what is in the classroom? 4 .直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语改为 tell,ask,order sb （not） to do st

12、h 句型，表示命令。 如：dont make any noise, the teacher said to the students.the teacher told the students not to make any noise.open the door,please, she said .-she asked him to open the door.5 .直接引语如更是lets开头的祈使句，变为用“ suggest +doing或+从句。如：he said:lets go to the movies.he suggested going to the movies.或 he su

13、ggested that they should go to see the movies.练习一：1. i dont know he will come tomorrow. he comes, ill tell you a. if; whether b. whether; whetherc. if; that d. if; if2. i dont know the day after tomorrow.a. when does he comeb. how will he comec. if he comesd. whether hell come3. could you tell me th

14、e nearest hospital is?a. whatb. howc. whether d. where4. could you tell me the radio without any help?a. how did he mend b. what did he mend c. how he mended d. what he mended5. i want to know .a. whom is she looking after b. whom she is lookingc. whom is she looking d. whom she is looking after6. d

15、o you know where now?a. he lives b. does he live c. he lived d. did he live7. do you know what time ?a. the train leave b. does the train leave c. will the train leave d. the train leaves8. i dont know . can you tell me, please?a. how the two players are oldb. how old are the two playersc. the two p

16、layers are how oldd. how old the two players are9. the small children dont know .a. what is their stockings inb. what is in their stockingsc. where is their stockings ind. what in their stockings10. i cant understand .a. what does christmas meanb. what christmas does meanc. what mean christmas does

17、d. what christmas means1 the girls asked if they some food and drink with them. a. took b. take c. takes d. will take2 catherine said that she _ to guangzhou.a. has never gone b. had never gone c. has never been d. had never been3 the students want to know whether they_ dictionary today. a. had b. h

18、as c. will have d. are4 she asked linda if_ go and get some. a. could she b. she could c. she can d. she may5 linda said the moon_ round the earth. a. travelled b. has travelled c. travells d. had travelled习题（二）1 can you tell me_ you were born, betty? a. who b. what c. when d. that2 i dont know _ th

19、ey have passed the exam. a. what b. if c. when d. where3 i hardly understand. _ he has told me. a. that b. what c. which d. who4 she didnt know_ back soon. a. whether he would be b. if would he be c. he will be5 . i dont know he still lives here after so many years. a. whether b where c. what d. whe

20、n6 . do you know they listened to yesterday evening? a. what b when c why d how7 . he asked me told me the accident. a whom b which c who d whose习题（三）1. they dont know their parents are. a that b what c why d which2. please tell me what last year. a. where does your sister work b where did your sist

21、er workc where your sister worksd where your sister worked3. she asked me if i knew . a. whose pen is it b. whose pen it was c. whose pen it is d. whose pen was it4. you must remember . a. what your mother said b. what did your mother sayc. your mother said what d. what has your mother said5. did yo

22、u know ? a. who he was looking after b. who was he looking forc. who he is looking for d. who he is looking after6. could you tell me _? a. when will they leave beijing b. when would they leave beijingc. when they will leave beijing d. when did they leave beijing 习题（四）1. in the bookshop, a reader as

23、ked the shop keeper who moved my cheese was an interesting book.a. that b. how c. what d. if2. i dont know mr. green will come to see us. he will help us with our english. （杭州市）a. why b. when c. how d. where3. we never know the old man is. they say he is a teacher. （鄂州市）a. what b. who c. which d. wh

24、ere4. i was told bill gates was thirteen he began to play with computers. （重庆市）a. that how b. how that c. when that d. that when5. do you know ? im going to see him. sorry, i dont know. （北京市海淀区）a. where does mr. li live b. where did mr. li live c. where mr. li lives d. where mr. li lived6. w here do

25、 you think he the computer? sorry, i have no idea. （南京市）a. ; bought b. has; bought c. did; buy d. does; buy7. i dont feel very well. mum asked me this morning. （重庆市）a. what the matter is b. what is wrong c. what the matter was d. what wrong was8. where is jack? he is away to spend his holiday. hes g

26、one either to hangzhou or to wuhan, but im not sure . （南昌市） a. that b. which c. where d. there单项选择1 the girls asked if they some food and drink with them.a. took b. take c. takes d. will take2 catherine said that she _ to guangzhou.a. has never gone b. had never gone c. has never been d. had never b

27、een3 the students want to know whether they_ dictation today.a. had b. has . c. will have d. are4 she asked linda if_ go and get some.a. could she b. she could c. she can d. she may5 linda said the moon_ round the earth.a. travelled b. has travelled c. travells d. had travelled6 . can you tell me_ y

28、ou were born, betty?a. who b. what c. when d. that7 i dont know _ they have passed the exam.a. what b. if c. when d. where8 i hardly understand._ he has told me.a. that b. what c. which d. who9 . she didnt know_ back soon.a. whether he would be b. if would he be c. he will be d. if he will come1 0.i

29、 dont know he still lives here after so many years.a. whether b where c. what d.when11 . do you know they listened to yesterday evening?a. what b when c why d how12 .he asked me told me the accident. a whom b which c who d whose13 .they dont know their parents are. a that b what c why d which14 .ple

30、ase tell me what last year.a.where does your sister work b. where did your sister workc where your sister works d. where your sister worked15 .she asked me if i knew a. whose pen is it b. whose pen it was c. whose pen it is d. whose pen was it16. you must remember . a. what your mother said b. what

31、did your mother sayc. your mother said what d. what has your mother said17. did you know ?a. who he was looking after b. who was he looking forc. who he is looking for d. who he is looking after18. could you tell me _? a. when will they leave beijing b. when would they leave beijingc. when they will

32、 leave beijing d. when did they leave beijing19. could you tell me? a .where do you live b. who you are waiting for c. whowere you waiting for d. where you live in20.i want to know how long a.has he been back b has he come backc.he has been back d he has come back21.do you know ? a what the news are

33、 b what is the newsc what the news is d what are the news22.i dont know up so early last sunday.a. why did he get b.why he gets c.why does he get d. why he got23.1. e said there was going to be a meeting that evening.a.what b. if c.that d. how按要求转换句型。1. does mr. brown enjoy living in china? could yo

34、u tell us? （改写句子）fcould you tell us mr. brown living in china?2. does the girl need any help? he !0sked me.）fhe asked me the girl some help .3. jim is not a student. tom is not a student, either. （合并为一个句子）jim tom is a student.4. when does the train leave? i want to know. （改为含宾语从句的复合句）i want to know

35、the train .5. they went home after they had finished their homework. （ 用 not until 改写 ）they go home they had finished their homework 6. did peter come here yesterday? li lei wants to know. （ 改为含宾语从句的复合句 ）li lei wants to know peter here yesterday.1） .how does he get on with his new classmates? could you tell me? （ 改为含有宾语从句的复合句 ）could you tell me how on with his new classmates?2） .what is he doing there? mother didnt know. （ 改为