[大学英语考试复习资料]专升本英语模拟14_1

1、大学英语考试复习资料专升本英语模拟14大学英语考试复习资料专升本英语模拟14专升本英语模拟14Part Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passage and choose the best answer to each question. Then mark your answer by blackening the correspond

2、ing letter on the Answer Sheet. One answer to the questions of land shortage was suggested by a committee some years ago. A city was to be built at sea, housing 30 000 people. The suggestion was to shape the city like a harbour. The outer wall of the harbour would stand on steel columns resting on t

3、he sea-bed. Naturally this could only be where the water was fairly shallow. The people would live in flats in the fifty-metre high outer wall. The flats would all face inwards, and would be made of concrete and glass. The glass would be specially made and coloured to control the heat and strong lig

4、ht from the sun. The water inside this man-made harbour would be calm. The planners called this water the lake. On it would be floating islands carrying more buildings; a hospital, two theaters, a museum, an art exhibition hall and a church. On one of the islands would be a special plant, to take th

5、e salt out of sea water and turn it into fresh water. People living in the city could move around on small boats driven by electricity , so there would be no air pollution from the burning of petrol. There would be platforms outside the main wall for ships bringing supplies. People could also travel

6、 to the mainland by motorboat or water plane. 1. What was suggested about the construction of a new city at sea?A.The city was to be designed together with a harbour.B.The walls around the city would be made of steel and glass.C.The buildings of the city would rest on a floating island.D.The people

7、would live in flats made of coloured glass.答案:C本题为细节辨析题。本文提出，在浅海中通过钢柱支起一个浮岛城市，从而解决土地缺乏问题。A 选项，“该城市将要与一个海港一起设计”，文章中只说到该城市像一个海港。B 选项，“城市周围的墙将由钢铁和玻璃建造的”，这是文中未提及的。D 选项，“人们将居住在由彩色玻璃建成的公寓房里”，文章说公寓房是由混凝土和彩色玻璃建成的，这里表述不完整。2. How would fresh water be supplied to the city?A.By treating sea water.B.By getting i

8、t from the surrounding islands.C.By building a small lake of fresh water inside the city.D.By transporting it from the mainland.答案:A本题为细节辨析题。文中提到，城市里要建一座工厂，该工厂能够把海水转化为淡水。因此，城里淡水的供应是要靠对海水进行处理。3. There would be no air pollution to this city because _.A.there was a special plant to treat the polluted a

9、irB.the city was away from the mainlandC.people in the city did not burn oil or coalD.vehicles there were powered by electricity答案:D本题为细节辨析题。文中提到，城中的居民出行都是乘坐小船，这种小船是由电力驱动的，因此不会造成空气污染。4. The suggestion made by the committee is to solve the problem that _.A.there is not enough space for building citie

10、s on landB.land transportation has become increasingly difficultC.there are too many people on landD.present cities are heavily polluted by cars and other vehicles答案:A本题为细节辨析题。文章第一句话说“几年前，一个委员会就土地缺乏问题提出了一个解决方案”，接着提出了建设浮岛城市的想法。因此，建浮岛城市的目的就是为了解决土地缺乏的问题。5. The purpose of the writer is _.A.to suggest ho

11、w a new type of harbour could be built at seaB.to give an account of a new-type cityC.to draw peoples attention to the problem of air pollutionD.to introduce a new way of constructing harbour-cities答案:B本题为主旨归纳题。全篇介绍了一个通过建设浮岛城市来解决土地缺乏问题的想法，并详细描述了该浮岛城市的样式、功能设施等。所以，本文描述了一种新型城市。 A 选项“介绍如何在海上建设一种新型海港”，根据

12、文章，需要建设的不是海港而是城市。C 选项“引起人们对于污染问题的关注”，与文章主题不符。D 选项“介绍一种建设海港城市的新方法”，由文章可知，要建设海中的浮岛城市，而非依托原有的海港建设海港城市。 The U.S. generates about four billion tons of solid waste a year. More than 90 percent is composed of agricultural and mining wastes. About 3 percent is from industrial wastes. 250 million tons of gar

13、bage and refuse come out from homes, schools, office buildings, stores and hospitals. This mass of metals, paper, food, plastic, rubber and glass which is all mixed together seems of no earthly use to anyone. Or is it? Scattered efforts across the country indicate that new technology, properly appli

14、ed, might someday turn these millions of tons of refuse into an excellent source of raw materials for new uses. Several new projects are carried out to study the possibility of treating wastes through pyrolysis (高温分解)-a system of reducing refuse to basic chemicals, liquids and gases which have comme

15、rcial value. In Florida, a special tube system provides automatic transport of refuse to a central collection building. In short, many new ideas are being tested, and many will be needed, since no one method is likely to prove suitable everywhere. However, many difficult economic and social question

16、s must be answered before real progress can be made. Can recovered materials compete with new materials? What will be needed as encouragement to make resource recovery work? Will citizens pay the costs of changing our waste system? 6. The article suggests that garbage and refuse from homes and publi

17、c places _.A.make up the largest percentage of solid wastesB.make up a small percentage of solid wastesC.are not really considered in the solid waste problemD.are considered of no use to the earth答案:B本题为细节辨析题。文中提到，由农业和矿业制造的垃圾占垃圾总量的百分之九十，由工业产生的垃圾占百分之三，由此可见由家庭和学校、商店等公共设施产生的垃圾占到总垃圾量的百分之七，比例不大。7. The pr

18、ocess known as pyrolysis _.A.treats scrap from industryB.reduces refuse into basic chemicalsC.mixes scattered wastes togetherD.provides refuse for a collection building答案:B本题为细节辨析题。文章中提到，通过高温分解法可以将垃圾转化为具有商业价值的化学制品、液体、气体。因此，B 选项“将垃圾还原为最初的化学制品”是正确的。8. The problem raised by the author in solid waste tr

19、eatment and reuse is _.A.economic and socialB.political and industrialC.governmental and politicalD.traditional and habitual答案:A本题为细节题。文章最后一段提出，若想真的在垃圾回收处理方面有所进步的话，还需要解决许多经济和社会问题，如再利用的材料能否与新材料相媲美?需要采取哪些措施来鼓励人们回收利用资源?居民们是否愿意支付这笔改造我们现有的垃圾处理系统的费用?9. To make his point, the author uses _.A.social opinion

20、sB.an emotional requestC.sound argumentsD.factual information答案:D本文是从客观事实的角度讲述了垃圾处理方面的科技进步以及为了真正实现该进步仍需解决的社会、经济问题。10. This article shows that _.A.some people are trying to solve their waste problemsB.the government is not concerned with the problem of wastesC.recovered materials wont be able to comp

21、ete with new materialsD.citizens will unwillingly pay the costs of changing the waste system答案:A本题为细节辨析题。文中提到“来自全国各方面的努力表明，若是适当地采取新技术也许能够变废为宝”，可见，A 选项，“一些人们正在努力解决垃圾处理问题”是正确的。 The first and best of victories is for a man to conquer himself; to be conquered by himself is, of all things, the most shame

22、ful, says Plato. Self-control is at the root of all the advantages. Let a man give in to his impulses and feelings, and from that moment he gives up his moral freedom. A single angry word has lost many a friend. When Socrates found in himself any temper or anger, he would check it by speaking low in

23、 order to control himself. If you are conscious of being angry, keep your mouth shut so that you can hold back rising anger. Many a person has dropped dead in great anger. Fits of anger bring fits of disease. Whom the gods would destroy they first make mad. Keep cool, says Webster, anger is not argu

24、ment. Be calm in arguing, says George Herbert, for fierceness makes error a fault. To be angry with a weak man is to proye that you are not strong yourself. Anger, says Pythagoras, begins with folly and ends with regret. You must measure the strength of a man by the power of the feelings he conquers

25、, not by the power of those which conquer him. Self-control is mans last and greatest victory. If a man lacks self-control he seems to lack everything. Without it he can have no patience, no power to govern himself; he can have no self-confldence, for he will always be controlled by his strongest fe

26、eling. If he lacks self-control, the very backbone and nerve of character are lacking also. 11. What does the reader learn from the first paragraph?A.The greatest victory for a man is to conquer everything except himself.B.Ones moral freedom is based on the control of himself.C.To control oneself is

27、 the most difficult in ones life.D.ff a person holds his own feelings, he will feel most shameful.答案:B本题为细节辨析题。在文章第一段，提到若是一个人屈服于了自己的冲动和感情，那么从那一刻起，他就放弃了自己的道德自由。由此可见，一个人的道德自由是基于他的自我控制的。12. What is the correct interpretation of Whom the gods would destroy they first make mad ?A.If the gods want to kill

28、 you, they make you crazy first.B.If you always lose your temper, you will soon be finished.C.If you cannot control yourself, you will become crazy.D.If you are mad, you will be punished by the gods.答案:B本题为细节辨析题。该句含义为“上帝要毁灭谁必先使其发疯”，这种“毁灭”可能是精神上的也可能是肉体上的，因此 A 选项中 kill(杀死)是不准确的。再者，上下文的内容都是在强调不要动怒、要冷静，

29、以及动怒发火的危害，所以 B 选项，“你若总是发火，你就很快会完蛋了”是正确的。13. Concerning the remarks by those well-known people on self-control, which of the following is NOT true?A.It is better to keep calm, because anger does not mean truth.B.Not keeping cool in arguing will make a small mistake serious.C.Anger begins with folly a

30、nd ends with regret.D.Anger begins with a storm, and ends with victory.答案:D本题为细节辨析题。A 选项“最好保持冷静，因为生气并不代表真理”，是对于 Webster 所说的“Keep cool，anger is not argument”解释。B 项“在辩论中不保持冷静，会使小错误变得严重”，是对于George Herbert 说的“Be calm in arguing，for fierceness makes error a fault”的解释。C 选项“Anger begins with folly and ends

31、 with victory则是 Pythagoras 的原话，意为“发火以说蠢话开端以后悔结尾”。14. If a man is short of self-control, all of the following will take place except that _.A.he will lack the very backbone and nerve of characterB.he will lack patience and power to control himselfC.he will lack strong feelingsD.he will lack self-conf

32、idence答案:C本题为细节辨析题。文章最后一段提到，一个人缺乏自制的话也就缺乏了一切：他会缺乏耐心，缺乏管理自己的能量；他会没有自信，因为他总受到自己的最强烈的感情的支配；他还会缺乏意志力和勇气。15. The authors main purpose in writing this article is to _.A.explain that self-control is the key to successB.teach people how to control everything in order to make a great successC.distinguish all

33、 kinds of self-control and suggest ways for itD.advise people not to lose temper so as to make and keep more friends答案:A本题为主旨归纳题。本文主要是通过引用名人名言论述了自制的重要性，即 A 选项“解释了自制是成功的关键”。文章并未提及要掌控所有事物(B选项)，也未区分各种自制方式(C选项)，也没有劝人们为了多交朋友的目的而克制自己不要发火(D选项)。 Lithography is an art process of printing from a plane surface

34、 on which the image to be printed is ink-receptive and the blank area ink-repellent. Lithography is based on the antipathy of oil and water. A drawing is made in reverse on the ground surface of the stone with a crayon or ink that contains soap or grease. The image produced on the stone will accept

35、printing ink and reject water. Once the grease in the ink has penetrated the stone, the drawing is washed off and the stone kept moist. It is then inked with a roller and printed on a lithographic press. As a process, lithography is probably the most unrestricted, allowing a wide range of tones and

36、effects. Several hundred fine prints can be taken from a stone. The medium was employed by many 19th century artists, including Goya, Delacroix, Daumier, Degas, and remains popular with contemporary artists. Among American artists noted for their lithographs are Currier and Ives. The Currier and Ive

37、s firm of lithographers was founded by Nathaniel Currier in 1834. James Ives joined the firm as a bookkeeper eighteen years later just after becoming Curriers brother-in- law, and was made a partner in 1857. The pair showed an uncanny ability to predict what the American public would rush to buy in

38、the way of cheap art, and literally hundreds of thousands of prints from as many as 7,000 individual pictures were named out and sold from the firms shop in lower New York by street vendors and over shop counters throughout the country and even in Europe. Though in the course of time the firm employ

39、ed some of Americas finest artists, artistic excellence could certainly not be counted among the firms real goals. Nevertheless, some time after it went out of business in 1907, the prints enjoyed new popularity as collectors items, the rarer examples fetching thousands of dollars in the 1920s. 16.

40、What is the most appropriate title of this passage?A.Lithography as a Process of Commercial Printing.B.The Currier 答案:C本题为主旨归纳题。本文第一段主要介绍了平版印刷术的工作原理，第二段主要介绍了应用该技术来印制和售卖图画的 Currier 答案:D本题为事实辨认题。本文并未正面交代平版印刷术所必需的材料，但通过第一句话 (“平版印刷术是一种在平面上进行印刷过程的技术，要求在该平面上需要被绘制的图像是接受油墨的，而不需要绘制图像的空白区域则是排斥油墨的”)可知，平版印刷术需要在

41、平面上进行，而 A项“粗糙的树皮”，B项“粗糙的帆布”，以及 C 项“起皱的铝箔”均不符合平面的要求。18. In terms of artistic printing ,lithography can be best described as being veryA.costlyB.vulgarC.prolificD.surrealistic答案:C本题为细节辨析及词义理解题。costly 意为“昂贵的”；vulgar意为“粗俗的”；prolific意为“多产的，丰富的”；surrealistic 意为“超现实主义的”。文章第二段提到，有多达七千幅的绘画作品被印制成数以万计的图片，并且从该公

42、司售出，提到这是一种 cheap art(廉价的艺术)。由此可见，C 选项正确。19. What occurs when a design has been drawn on a flat surface with a special grease crayon and to which( the surface)water and then ink are applied?A.The ink adheres to the crayon image and is repelled by the moist areas.B.The ink adheres to the moist areas a

43、nd is repelled by the crayon image.C.The water adheres to the crayon image and is repelled by the moist areas.D.Both ink and water are repelled by the crayon image.答案:A本题为细节辨析题。文章第一段详细介绍了平版印刷术的工作原理：主要是利用了油和水相互排斥的原理。在石板的表面用含有油的材料描画出图样，然后用水冲刷石板，这样一来，石板表面除了有图样的部分由于有油而未沾水以外，其他空白部分均被水浸湿。接下来用墨辊蘸油墨涂在石板上，画有

44、图样的部分就会吸附油墨，而空白部分由于水油相排斥而不会吸附油墨。这样绘制好的石板就可以用于印刷了。因此，A 选项“油墨吸附于事先用含油的彩笔描绘出的图样上，并且油墨被潮湿的区域 (即空白区域)所排斥”，是正确的。20. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A.During its whole history it sold 7,000 prints.B.The firms prints were especially popular in Europe.C.The average number of prints fr

45、om each picture was fewer than 7,000.D.Street vendors were among the firms most effective sale force.答案:D本题为细节辨析题。文中提到，由Currier 答案:D词义辨析题。win 意为“获胜，赢得”；achieve 意为“完成，达到”；gain 意为“赚到，得到”；acquire 意为“获得，学到”。本题大意为：对于外语学习者来说最重要的就是学会良好的发音。问题:2. How can you _ and watch them being ill-treated like that?A.sta

46、nd backB.stand byC.stand forD.stand aside答案:B本题测试动词短语辨析。stand back 意为“往后站，退后”；stand by 意为“袖手旁观”； stand for 意为“代表”；stand aside 意为“站在一边”。本句大意为：看着他们被那样地虐待你怎么能够袖手旁观?问题:3. The meeting had been _ until next Sunday.A.announcedB.transmittedC.put asideD.postponed答案:D词义辨析题。announce 意为“宣布，通告”；transmit 意为“传输，传达

47、，发射”等意；put aside 意为“把放在一边，撇开”；postpone 意为“延期，推迟”。本题大意为：会议已经被延期到下星期天举行。问题:4. Tom placed too much _ on sports but not enough on his studies.A.interestB.emphasisC.effortsD.time答案:B结构搭配题。place emphasis on 意为“注重，着重于，强调”；interest 意为“兴趣”，通常与介词 in 搭配；effort 意为“努力”，通常后面跟动词不定式；time 意为“时间”，后面可以搭配动词不定式及介词 for，如

48、：I have no time for novels。本题大意为：汤姆太过于重视体育，却不怎么注重学习。问题:5. He couldnt _ with the noise in the room.A.put onB.put acrossC.put upD.put off答案:C短语辨析题。put up with 意为“容忍，忍受”；put on 意为“穿上，增加”等；put across 意为“使被理解(或接受)”；put off 意为“推迟，拖延”。本题大意为：他无法忍受房间里的噪音。问题:6. The public _ interested in talking about the new

49、s.A.has been,B.areC.wasD.is答案:B本题测试主谓一致。the public 意为“公众”，通常后面接复数谓语。本题大意为：公众对于谈论这个新闻很感兴趣。问题:7. People in remote areas are _ from modern civilization.A.cut outB.cut offC.cut downD.cut in答案:B本题测试动词短语辨析。cut out 意为“删掉，停止”；cut off 意为“隔绝”；cut down 意为“削减，压缩”；cut in 意为“插嘴，夹进来，夹塞”。本句大意为：居住在偏远地区的人们与现代文明隔绝。问题:

50、8. The hijackers should have been arrested _ instead of being allowed to leave.A.on the spotB.on the sideC.in the sightD.on the screen答案:A本题测试短语辨析。on the spot 意为“当场”；on the side 意为“作为兼职，另外”；C 和 D 选项均不是固定搭配。本句大意为：本应当场逮捕劫持犯而不应允许他们离开。问题:9. A compound consists of atoms _ different chemical properties.A.

51、ofB.byC.forD.with答案:D本题测试介词词义辨析。of 意为“的(从属关系)”，或表示特征，或与名词连用表示一种动宾关系；by 可表示“从旁边，到时候”以及“通过”等意；for 可表示“为 (某种目的)，为原因”等意；with 可表示“有，带有”等意。本句大意为：化合物是带有不同化学特性的原子组成的。问题:10. I apologies _ her _ my impoliteness.A.with; toB.to; forC.for; toD.on; for答案:B动词搭配题。动词 apologize 意为“道歉”，表示向谁道歉用介词 to 连接，表示为何事道歉用介词 for 连

52、接，即 apologize to somebody for something。本句大意为：我因为我们不礼貌向她道歉。问题:11. She found that she herself couldnt do all the housework, so she hired a _.A.guideB.clerkC.maidD.chief答案:C词义辨析题。guide 意为“导游，向导”；clerk 意为“职员，店员”；maid 意为“女仆”； chief 意为“首领，长官”。由于句中出现了 housework(家务事)，所以忙不过来的情况下应雇佣的人是女仆。本题大意为：她发现自己无法做全部的家务事

53、，于是她就雇请了一位女仆。问题:12. The old man and his dog were _ to each other.A.supportedB.helpedC.reliedD.devoted答案:D词义辨析及搭配题。support 意为“支撑，扶持”，是及物动词，后面可直接接宾语；help意为“帮助，接济”，是及物动词，后面可直接接宾语；rely 意为“依赖，依靠”，是不及物动词，通常用介词 on 或 upon 来连接所依赖的对象；be devoted to 意为“专心致力于 (工作)，深爱(人)”。本题大意为：老人和他的狗互相深爱着对方。问题:13. You can see a(

54、n) _ of dogs in the square.A.plentyB.amountC.quantityD.number答案:D本题为搭配题。plenty of 意为“许多，大量”，后常接不可数名词；an amount of 意为“许多的”，通常后接不可数名词；quantity 前如果没有任何修饰成分的话，常用复数，即 quantities of something；a number of 意为“许多的”，后接可数名词。本句大意为：你会看到广场上有许多条狗。问题:14. Its really a difficult problem to _.A.look atB.make outC.deal

55、 withD.dwell on答案:C词义辨析题。look at 意为“看”；make out 意为“辨别出，写出，理解”；deal with 意为“处理”；dwell on意为“老是想着，详细讨论”。本题大意为：这真是一个难处理的问题。问题:15. You must _ the important points the teacher says.A.note downB.turn toC.put onD.get over答案:A短语辨析题。note down 意为“记下”；turn to 意为“求助于，转向”；put on 意为“穿上， 增加”；get over 意为“克服，恢复，把忘怀”等

56、。本题大意为：你必须把老师说的要点记下来。问题:16. I hate queuing up for hours _ in order to get a ticket.A.in the endB.without endC.at the endD.on end答案:D本题测试短语辨析。in the end 意为“最后，终于”；without end 意为“无穷”；on end意为“连续地”；at the end of 意为“在结尾，在端”。本句大意为：我讨厌为了一张票而连续花上好几个小时排队等候。问题:17. He had lived in Paris for some years _ he re

57、turned to America.A.afterB.untilC.beforeD.while答案:C词义辨析题。after 意为“在之后”；until 意为“直到才”；before 意为“在之前”；while 意为“在的时候”。本题大意为：在返回美国前，他已经在巴黎住了几年。问题:18. John is the cleverest of _ in Class Two.A.any other studentB.any of the studentsC.anyone of the studentsD.all the students答案:D比较级最高级的用法。在最高级的句子里，用来表示比较范围的应当是一个全体的概念，因此介词。f后面应该接 all the stude