专题10语态(原卷版).doc

1、专题 10语态【母题来源1】 【 2019 ? 福建省中考】【母题原题】As one of the most exciting sports, volleyball _ in the Olympic Games in 1964.A. includedB. is includedC. was included【母题来源2】【 2019? 安徽省中考】【母题原题】The villagers expect that the building of the bridge _ before the rainy season comes.A. is completedB. was completedC.

2、will be completedD. has been completed【母题来源3】 【 2019 ?湖北省黄冈市】【母题原题】 Oh, your room is too dirty, Mike! Sorry, Mum. It _ yesterday. I forgot to do it.A. didn t cleanB. isn t cleanedC. was cleanedD. wasn t cleaned【母题来源4】【 2019 ? 四川省自贡市】【母题原题】 Tom is always careless with his schoolwork. Could you help h

3、im？ No problem ！ I think he _ to think twice before starting.A. should be toldB. shouldn tbe toldC. should tell【母题来源5】【 2019 ?河北】【母题原题】These cakes _ with chocolate. Have one, please.A. fillB. filledC. are filledD. were filled【母题来源6】【 2019 ?临沂市】【母题原题】Around the world, 300 million tons of plastic _eac

4、h year, of which about 10 percent ends upin the sea.A. is createdB. was createdC. creates【试题分析】【命题意图】动词的时态和语态是中考出现频率较高的语法项目之一。考题多以具体的语境为主，体现了对语法知识、语境理解、语言交际能力的综合考查。【考试方向】1. 被动语态的句型；2. 被动语态的各种时态形式；3. 被动语态的用法；4. 主动语态变被动语态；5. 主动形式表示被动意义。【得分要点】被动语态的用法用法例句How is this word pronounced?这个单词怎么发音？不知道或者不必说出动作的

5、执行者强调动作的承受者当动作的执行者是泛指时表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作的执行者句法修饰的需要The book was published in 2005.这本书是2005 年出版的。School will be opened in our village.我们村将开办一所新的希望学校。He is suspected of robbing the bank.有人怀疑他抢劫银行。I have been told many times not to make noises.有人多次告诉我不要吵闹。The lecture will be made by Joe, who is a young mus

6、ician from Italy.乔要做这个报告，他是意大利的一位年轻的音乐家。He was born in this city.他出生在这个城市。有些动词习惯上常用被动语态It is reported that he is a professor from New Zealand.据报道， 他是来自新西兰的一位教授。主动语态变被动语态说明例句含有单个宾语的主动句，即主语+ 谓语动词 + 宾语：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，并依据上表（被动语态的各种时态形式）谓语改为被动形式；如果需要说明动作的发出者，则需加上 by + 主动句的主语（人称代词宾格）。含有双宾语的主动句， 即主语+ 间接宾语

7、 +直接宾语：当直接宾语是名词或代词时，可将间接宾语和直接宾语中的任意一个变为被动的主语，而另一个保持不动。但是，当直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前应加上介词 to 或 or。含有复合宾语的主动句，即主语+ 宾语+宾语补足语：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补保持不动(成为主语补足语，简称主补 )。【易错警示】The famous professor gave two lectures in English. Two lectures were given (by the famous professor) inEnglish.那位著名的教授用英语作了两次报告。They often ask s

8、ome questions after class. Some questions are often asked (by them) after class.他们经常在课后问一些问题。Thedoctorgavemesomegoodadviceonthepronunciation. I was given some good advice on the pronunciation. Some good advice was given to me on the pronunciation.老师给我提了一些关于发音方面的好建议。We call him Li Hua. He is called L

9、i Hua. 我们叫他李华。They painted the room white. The room was painted white.他们把房间刷成了白色。感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾补，变为被动语态时，需要在动词原形前加上省略的不定式符号 to，即 be seen/heard/found/observed/noticed/made to do sth。They saw her enter the meeting room just now. She was seen to enter the meeting room just now. 刚才他们看见她进入了会议室。They ta

10、ke good care of these children. These children are taken good care of.含有动词短语（作谓语）的主动句：谓他们把这些孩子照顾得非常好。语为及物动词短语的主动句方可变为被We should make full use of the good chance.动语态。 The good chance should be made full use of.我们应该充分利用这次好机会。【易错警示】动词短语用于被动语态时，把它们看作一个整体变成被动结构，其后的介词和副词不可丢掉。主动形式表示被动意义情况例句说明主语的性质、 特征的动词，

11、用主动形式The cloth washes well. 这种布料很容易洗 .表达被动意义， 如：lock ，open，read，sell， A freshly baked cake doesn t cut easily. 刚烤好的蛋糕不容teach， wash， write 等。易切。表示感官的连系动词，用主动形式表达被动This piece of music sounds good. 这段音乐听起来不错。意义，如： smell， feel，taste， sound等。Mooncakes taste delicious.月饼尝起来很美味。某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动The bike n

12、eeds repairing.这辆自行车需要修理。意义，如： need， want，require，worth 等。 Your hair wants cutting.你的头发该理了。【知识拓展】常见的被动形式表示主动意义的词组：be seated 坐着，就座be hidden 躲藏be lost 迷路be drunk 喝醉be dressed 穿着不能用被动语态的几种情况：（ 1）所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。（ 2）表示状态的谓语动词，如： last、 hold 、 benefit、 contain 、equal、fit 等。（ 3）表示归属的动词，如 have、 own

13、、 belong to 等。（ 4）表示希望、意图的动词，如：wish、 want、hope、 like 、love、 hate 等。（ 5）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。被动语态记忆口诀被动语态强调宾，用be 加上过去分。 be要随着主语变，人称时态要弄准。行为对象作主语，逻辑主语by来引。原句若是双宾语，一变主来一保宾。间宾要把主语变，原来直宾还是宾。直宾要把主语变，间宾前加to最称心。唯有原宾是复合，只有变宾要当心。原句宾补变主补，位置不必挪寸分。情态动词变被动，情态加be 加过分。如若情态后带to，变后有to 才弄准。短语动词变被动，相当及物莫疑心。不过

14、其后介或副，变后还得要承认。【母题 1】【来源】【天津市北辰区2019 年初中毕业生学业考试】Every day, too much water _ in our city. I think everyone should do something to save it.A. is wastedB. wastesC. wastedD. was wasted【母题2】【来源】【辽宁省盘锦市大洼区联合校2019届九年级下学期第一次模拟考试】Since Alipay （支付宝 ） _ by Alibaba Group, it has been much easier for us to pay mo

15、ney for the thingswe want to buy.A. is inventedB. was inventedC. has inventedD. will be invented【母题3】【来源】【天津市南开区2018-2019学年度九年级第二学期三模】 When _ you _ to the party? Two days ago. And they also invited Tony.A. did; inviteC. were; invitedB. will; inviteD. are; invited【母题4】【来源】【重庆市2019届九年级下学期第三次阶段考试】 A new library _ in our school last year. How great it is! You can learn a lot from it.A. builtB. was builtC. is builtD. will be built【母题 5】【来源】【2018 年苏州市中考英语模拟试卷】As a new kind of transport service, public bicycles _ in more Chinese cities in the following years.A. useB