小升初情态动词与时态(1)16页

1、 2014年小升初英语-情态动词&时态一、情态动词的定义：情态动词有词义，但它不能单独作谓语，它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化；它的后面必须跟动词原形。二、情态动词的种类：情态动词词义否定形式词义can能够，会cant不能，不会could能够，会couldnt不能，不会may可以must必须mustnt 不允许，不能shall将，要should应该shouldnt不应该need需要neednt不必would将会，愿wouldnt不会，不愿三、情态动词的用法及主要句型：1、Can I help you? Yes, please. / No, thanks.2、Can +

2、主语 + 动词原形? Yes, can. No, cant.3、Can I borrow your book?-Yes,of course.4、Can I write on the book? -No, you cantmustnt. 5、Could Can you help me?- Yes,of course.Certainly. Sure. 6、Could Can you tell me the way to the Zoo?7、May I come in ?- Come in, please.8、May I sit here?- Yes, please.Sorry, please do

3、nt.9、May I have some Coke?- Yes, of course.10、May/ Could / Can I speak to Tom? -Speaking. Whos calling?11、should 、shouldnt 表示劝告：1) He should get up early. 2) She shouldnt play computer game too much.12、Should +主语 +动词原形? Yes, should. No, shouldnt.13、表示建议“你愿意吗”Would you like to go shopping with me? -Y

4、es, Id love to. /Id love to. But Im busy now.14、就餐用语Would you like something to eatdrink? -Yes, Id like15、shall用于第一人称(I, we), 可以表示“将”和表示建议 “好吗?” 1) Where shall we have dinner?2) Shall we go fishing? -All right. OK. Good idea.16、Must + 主语 + 动词原形? -Yes, must.No, neednt. 【牛刀小试】(一) 用适当的情态动词填空。1. Must I

5、borrow the book with my ID card? No, you _.2. _ I use your car? Yes, you _.3. _ I go home now? No, you _ stay here.4.My mother is ill. I _ stay at home and look after her.5._ you like some tea?6. You _ take more exercise.7. _ you tell me how to get to the Qingyun Park?8. The clock _ tell us the time

6、.9. _ you like to go fishing with me?10. _ we play football this afternoon?(二) 按要求改写句子。1.I can run fast. I _ _ fast. (否定句)2.You must return the book now.（一般疑问句） _ I return the book now? No, you _.3. He can play basketball well. （一般疑问句） _ he _ basketball well?4. They must take the books out of the ro

7、om. （否定句） They _ _ the books out of the room. 5.He should get up early.(否定句) He _ get up late.(三) 单项选择。（）1. you like some milk ? A .Would B.Could C .Can（）2.We pick the flower in the park. A.cant B.dont C.mustnt ( ) 3.We should more trees, and we shouldnt cut any trees. A.plant B.planting C.plants (

8、) 4.May I have some coffee? A.Yes,you have. B.Yes,you can. C.Yes,certainly. ( ) 5.Shall we visit the factory? A.Yes,we do. B.Yes, we shall. B.All right. ( ) 6.Would you like something to eat? A.Yes,we would. B.Yes, Id like some cakes. C.Yes, of course. ( ) 7.What can I do for you? A.Yes,you can. B.N

9、o,I can do it. C. Yes.Id like some oranges. 小升初时态归纳总结四、历年真题（大小联盟06年13年） 1. - _ I have a look at the picture? - Yes, you _. A. Can, must B. Can, many C. May, can D. Must, must 2. If you _ work hard, you _ pass the exam. A. wont, wont B. wont, cant C. dont, dont D. dont, wont3. Must I borrow the book

10、with an ID card？No, youA. mustnt B. neednt C. shouldnt D. cant4. It scoldintheroom ._Iclosethewindow, Mum ? Yes, you may . A. Can B. May C. Must D.Cant 5. _you finish your composition in time? - I am afraid _. A. Can; not B. May; mustnt C. Must; neednt D. Can; cant6. They will win the match, ?A. are

11、nt B. shall they C. will they D. wont they7. Stop talking! You make noises in the library. We keep quite. A. cant; must B. mustnt; should C. shouldnt; can D. cant; should8.-May I have a look at your new watch? -Of course you _.A. can B. must C. will D. would 一、 考点分析1、 小升初主要考察的几种时态：【1】一般现在时。主要考察单三时候的

12、动词变化。一般是动词加s或es或变y为i+es。【2】现在进行时。主语+am/is/are+动词ing。一般会有如now、look等明显的时间标志词语。【3】一般将来时。主语+am/is/are +going to+动词原形。或者主语+shall/will +动词原形。一般会有tomorrow、next week，next year等等时间标志。【4】一般过去时，也就是主语+过去式。这个需要对动词的过去式非常熟悉。一般会有yesterday, last week, last year等等时间标志。总体来说这个考点的考题不会太难、理解每种时态的概念表意、记住各种时态动词的变化规律以及每种时态对应

13、的时间状语、多做一些辅导练习，这个考点的分数中等成绩的学生一般都能拿到。2、 考点分值及题型分析 时态在小升初的考试当中占的比例不是很多、分数大概在1015分之间，考的题型也多以单选题和完形填空为主。一般是时态和动词一起考。Eg： The little girl _ a new dress. She looks beautiful. A. is putting on B. puts on C. wears D. is wearing 分析：动词wear与put on 的区别和现在进行时的用法一起考，二、小学英语四种时态的比较。知识梳理-比较四种时态的用法 时态时态定义构成形式时间状语标志一般现

14、在时表示经常性、习惯性、规律性的动作Be动词is am areoftensometimes always every year seldom once a week行为动词Leavegetopentake startclose等现在进行时表示说话的此时此刻正在发生的动作主语+be +V-ingnowat parentat this momentthese days一般将来时表示打算、计划要做的动作或事件。主语+willshall +V-原形Next time tomorrow this afternoonsoonin the future主语+be going to V-原形一般过去时表示过去

15、某一时间发生的动作、事情主语+V-过去式yesterdayjust nowat that timethe other day三、动词的变化规则。一般现在时主语为第三人称单数时，动词的形式动词现在分词动词过去式1) 一般情况下，在动词原形后面加s. 如：plays、gets2) 以o,sh,ch结尾的动词加es. 如does、goes、washes、watches、catches3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，将y改成i后再加es. 如flyflies studystudiescarrycarries. 4）特殊情况：have-has 1) 一般情况下，在动词原形后面加ing. 如：playin

16、g、reading2) 以不发音e结尾的动词,去e加ing. 如：makemaking taketakinghavehaving3) 以“重读闭音节，辅音+元音+辅音”结尾的动词，双写最后一个字母加ing. 如：run-running, swim-swimming4）注意：以y结尾的动词变为现在分词，y不需要改变，直接加ing. 如：playing1) 一般情况下，动词原形后加ed.如：cooked.2) 以不发音e结尾的动词加d. 如：lived、phoned. 3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,将y改成i后再加ed. 如：studystudied flyflied、try-triedcarr

17、y-carried.4) 以重读闭音节(辅音+元音+辅音) 结尾的动词，双写最后一个字母加ed. 如：skipped、shopped5) 不规则变化：第八册课本第90页表格四、具体讲解一般现在时用法：（1）现阶段经常性、习惯性动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语：often,always,sometimes,usually,never,every day,every year,on Sundays,twice a year如：I leave home for school at 7 every morning. （2）目前的状态； 如：Guangzhou is 2313 kilometr

18、es away from Beijing. （3）客观真理； 如：The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. （4）在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。（主将从现）如：Ill help you as soon as you have problem构成：主语是第三人称单数时，作谓语的行为动词要加词尾-s(-es)，其他人称和数用动词原形。一般现在时中第三人称单数作主语时，谓语动词的变化规则：1. 一般情况下，直接加s。如:get-gets2. 以o、sh、ch结尾的动词，加es。如

19、:do-does3. 辅音字母加y结尾，改y为i，加es。如:study-studies4. 元音字母加y结尾，直接加s。如:enjoy-enjoys否定句：I/you/we/they/he/she+do not+动词原形=I dont/you dont/we dont/they dont+动词原形he/she/it+does not+动词原形=he doesnt/she doesnt/it doesnt+动词原形如：He doesnt practise English every morning.I dont enjoy playing badminton in winter.疑问句中：须将

20、助动词Do/Does提前到句首，其余不变例：Do you work as accountant in London?Does she go to the cinema on weekends?轻松练一下一 写出下列动词在第三人称单数时的正确形式。do go wash catch_ swim have make wish_ study play move write_ 二按要求转换句子，每空一词。1.Tom likes playing chess with his friends.(改为否定句)Tom playing chess with his friends.2.Janets parents

21、 often go for a walk in the evening.(改为一般疑问句并作出否定回答) Janets parents often a walk after supper?-No, .3.He usually watches TV.(改成一般疑问句) he usually ?4.She has some red shirts and green scarves.(变成否定句)She any red shirts and green scarves. 现在进行时用法：（1）用来表示说话时正在进行或者发生的动作，例如：Mother is cooking in the kitchen

22、.妈妈在厨房里煮饭。What are you looking at? 你在看什么？ （2）用来表示现阶段正在进行的动作（但说话时不一定在进行），例如： Is she writing a novel? 她正在写一本小说吗？（3）用来表示即将发生的动作，一般是指按计划或者安排好要发生的动作。适用于这种情况的动词主要有：go, come, leave, start, arrive等。例如: Im going home in half an hour.我一个半小时内要回家。 The train is arriving soon.火车很快就要到达了。构成：由be(am/is/are)+动词-ing形式构

23、成 动词现在分词的构成规则1 一般情况下直接加ing think-thinking sleep-sleeping study-studying speak-speaking say-saying carry-carrying wake-waking 2 以不发音的字母e结尾的单词,去掉字母e，再加ing come-coming make-making leave-leaving have-having take-taking 3 以重读闭音节（重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音并且重读的音节）结尾，呈现 “辅，元，辅”结构的动词，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing stop-stopping si

24、t-sitting run-running forget-forgetting begin-beginning这类词还有：begin，cut, get, hit, run, set, sit, spit, stop, swim, beg, drop, fit, nod, dig, forget, regret, rid, 等。4 以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y ，再加ing die-dying lie-lying 现在进行时的句型变化 肯定式结构：主语+be+动词-ing形式+其他.例如：We are running now. 否定式结构：主语+be+not+动词-ing形式+其他.例如：Th

25、ey arent doing their homework. 一般疑问句式结构：Be+主语+动词-ing形式+其他？例如：Is she having English lesson?回答：肯定Yes, she is. 否定:No, she isnt. 特殊疑问句式结构：疑问词+be+主语+其他？例如:What is he doing now?回答：He is swimming.轻松试一下一 写出下列动词的现在分词形式。go enjoy teach eat_ draw walk take get_ dance write run swim_ 二 按要求改写句子。1.They are having

26、an English class.(改成一般疑问句) 2.My mother is cooking.(变成一般疑问句并且作肯定回答) 3.He is watching TV.(改成否定句) 4.Jean is reading a story book.(就划线部分提问) 一般将来时一般将来时构成助动词will(shall)+动词原形be(am/is/are)+going to+动词原形表意：将来发生的动作； 将来存在的状态。用法：（1）一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。例如：I will(shall) arrive tomorrow.我明天到。（主语是第一人称时最好用shall）Will y

27、ou be free tonight? 你今晚有空吗？We wont (shant) be busy this evening. 我们今晚不忙。（2）在一般将来时的句子中，有时有表示将来时间的状语，有时没有时间状语，这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。例如：Will she come? 她（会）来吗？（3）在以第一人称I或we作主语的问句中，一般使用助动词shall，这时或是征求对方的意见，或是询问一个情况(b)：a. Where shall we meet? 我们在哪儿碰头？b. Shall we have any classes tomorrow?明天我们有课吗？在这类问句中，近几年

28、来也有不少人用will，特别是在美国。例如：How will I get there? 我怎么去？（4）be going to+动词原形a.表示计划、打算、准备做的事。例如：We are going to put up a building here.我们打算在这里盖一座楼。How are you going to spend your holidays?假期你准备怎样过？b.表示即将发生或肯定要发生的事。例如：I think it is going to snow. 我看要下雪了。They will (are going to) meet outside the school gate to

29、morrow afternoon. If he comes back, Ill tell him about it.(主将从现:在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般现在时来代替将来时) I will be 16 years old next week.否定句：在will后加not(缩写为wont):She wont go to play basketball.一般疑问句：将will直接提到句首：Will she go to play basketball? 回答：Yes, she will./No, she wont.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句：Who will go to play ba

30、sketball?常用时间状语: tomorrow, next，week, in 2012,in two hours，soon, this evening ,the day after tomorrow轻松练一下一 根据中文意思，补充句子，每空填一词。1. 我打算明天和朋友去看电影。I watch a film with my friends tomorrow.I watch a film with my friends tomorrow.2. 你明天打算干什么呢？我想去踢足球。-What tomorrow?-I play football.或者：-What you do tomorrow?-

31、I play football.3. 明天将要比今天冷。Tomorrow colder than today.4. 你们打算什么时候回广州？When you come back to Guangzhou?二 用动词的正确形式填空。1. Lily (sing)an English song for us later.2. I (be)25 years old 10 years later.3. My mother (cook)some delicious food tomorrow.4. Summer holiday is coming.What you (do)?5. My bag is br

32、oken.I (buy)a new one this Saturday.6. I (write)a letter this evening.7. They (have)a picnic in the park this weekend.8. We (visit)the history museum next week.9. He (make)a kite this Saturday.10. My uncle (fly)to Shanghai tomorrow.11. you (borrow)books from the library tomorrow?三 用英语表达下列句子。1. 我打算明天

33、去拜访我的爷爷奶奶。_ 2. 我的爸爸和我今天晚上将要看一场足球比赛。_ 3. 小红将要去买一支钢笔。_ 4. 你会来我的生日聚会吗？ _ 一般过去时表意：过去发生的动作； 过去存在的状态。用法：一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时间发生，也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。一般不强调动作的影响，只说明的事情。句式：主语+动词过去式+宾语+其它I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨，我跟朱莉娅说了几句话。He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子，抽烟抽得可凶了。(2) 一般过去时

34、常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如：yesterday,last week ,in the past ,in 1993,at that time,once,during the war,before,a few days ago,when 等等.注意在谈到已死去的人的情况时，多用过去时。He was dead in 1990.(4）表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用过去时。这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示。The boy opened his eyes for a moment，looked at the captain，and then died.那男孩把眼睛张开了一

35、会儿，看看船长，然后就去世了。（5） 表示在此之前一段时间内经常或反复的动作。常与always，never等连用。Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。（只是说明她过去的动作，不表明她是否常带着伞。）一般过去时中，动词过去式的构成规则1. 一般情况下，直接加ed。如:visit-visited2. 以不发音的e结尾，加d。如:live-lived3. 以辅音字母+y结尾，把y改成i，加ed。如:study-studied4. 以元音字母+y结尾，直接加ed。如:play-played5. 重读闭音节结尾的词，双写末尾字母加ed。

36、如:stop-stopped6. 不规则变化，如:go-went否定句：主语+didnt+动词原形+其他 主语+wasnt/werent+其他如：I didnt go to the park yesterday.They werent free yesterday.一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其他 Was/Were+主语+其他如：Did you go to the park yesterday?Yes,I did./No,I didnt.Were they free yesterday?Yes,they were./No,they werent.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句如：Wha

37、t did you see in the zoo? Who were at home last night?常用时间状语: yesterday,three months ago,last week/year,in 1990例句:He always went to work by bus last year. Han Meimei was in the classroom a moment ago. When did you meet him?轻松试一下一 写出下列不规则动词的过去式。am,is keep are let _ become make begin meet_ bite put bl

38、ow read_ buy cost catch run_ come say ride see _ cut sing dig sit_ do sleep draw speak_ drink sweep eat take_ fall teach feed tell _ feel think fly throw _ forget understand get give _ wake go wear know_ win have/has write grow_ 综合练习1.Listen! The children _(sing)in the classroom.2. The kite _ (be) b

39、roken last week.3.Look! The woman over there _ (look) at you.4.Mary _ (visit) her grandparents next Monday.5. Miss Li _(have) an English class every Tuesday.6.I _ (leave) for Shanghai tomorrow evening.7.Joan often _ (catch) the No.11 bus to work. 8.He _much about Chinese.(not know)9.Tom often _(go)

40、to school on foot. But yesterday was rainy. He _ (go) to school by bus.10. My mother usually _(watch) TV and _(wash) clothes on Sunday morning? 11. I _(make) a model ship with Mike last Saturday.12. Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon.13. _your sister often _(go)shopping?14. Th

41、e boys _ (swim)in the river now.15. What _ he _(do) in 1990 ? He _(be) an office worker16. Everyone in my family_ (be) busy now. But my brother _(play) with the cat.17. Jim (go) swimming every Saturday afternoon.18. They (fly) kites last weekend.19. She (watch) TV on Sundays, but this Sunday, she (d

42、o)20. What day (be) it yesterday?21. Dont talk. We (have) a lesson.22. Who (teach) you Chinese this term? Mr. Green.23. He (see) a ten-yuan note on the ground just now.24. They (live) in a small town last year, but this year, they (move) to a city.25. Ben and his cousin (catch) some insects in the p

43、ark yesterday.26. Look, the boys (sit) quietly.27. March (come) after February.28. Listen！The girls (sing) in the next room.29. Its ten to eight. My mother (wash) clothes.30. you always (have) bread for supper? No, I .31. there an umbrella behind the door? Yes, there .32. What your brother (do) on S

44、unday? He (make) a doll.33. you (go) to the cinema last night? Yes, he 34. What are they doing? They (shop).35. his classmate usually (read) English in the morning?单项选择。( ) 1.They _ climbing mountains. A. like B. likes C. liking( ) 2.Tom and Jack _ some reading every day. A. do B. does C.doing( ) 3.My brother_ hard. A. study B. studys C. studies( ) 4.Joe doesnt _ any money now